Kundera, Milan (Milan Kundera). Kundera Milan "I Lightness Okunzima Kakhulu Ukubhekana Nakho of Being"

Kundera, Milan - edumile umbhali Czech. Waqala inkambo yakhe nge izinkondlo, wabe esethola ukubizwa kwakhe e temibhalo yephrozi.

umsebenzi Early

Kundera wazalelwa emzini Czech laseBrno. Uyise wayengumGreki le Umphathi eyunivesithi kanye onguchwepheshe okuhle umculo. School yomlobi esizayo lathweswa iziqu ngo-1948. Phakathi izifundo zakhe, ngabhala nenkondlo, wazama esibayeni. Kodwa, Isimanga siwukuthi, ngemva sesingena Faculty of Philosophy, lapho imatasa musicology. Ngemva kokufunda unyaka owodwa, edlulisela eMnyangweni amabhayisikobho, lapho kamuva wasebenza futhi Kundera. Milan kuye kwadingeka njalo ubudlelwano esindayo futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi nezombusazwe. Njengoba umfundisi umnyango futhi ilungu amabhodi isihloko Omagazini ababili tetemibhalo, waxoshwa iCommunist Party of zengqondo individualistic nemisebenzi anti-party. Kodwa ngokushesha abuyiselwe.

Umsebenzi wokuqala eshicilelwe wabonakala ngo-1953. Lodumo iza kuye ngemva kokukhululwa kwe-iqoqo izinkondlo. Ngaleso sikhathi, Milan Kundera, ogama amabhuku kancane kancane kuyanda, it is ezihileleke kakhulu idrama kanye Tindzaba. Le mpumelelo ulilethele iqoqo tindzaba letimfisha "Funny Love".

Umlobi lokuqala inoveli

Imibono zezombusazwe nombhali kubonakala e inoveli yakhe yokuqala "Joke". Milan Kundera amtshele Stalinism, ngokhahlo wawuhlaba lo mkhuba. Ukuze 1967 incwadi kwakuhluke kakhulu ngezihloko ezihlukene. Le noveli liye lahunyushelwa ezilimini eziningi, futhi ngokushesha saba yintandokazi. Ngomqondo ukugqama Amazing Kundera Milan iyalandisa nobuhlungu abantu exutshwe yokulahlwa isimiso sezombangazwe sakhona. Organically nokwelukiweyo ukuhileleka noveli isihloko amahlaya kanye imidlalo. Lyudovik Yan - noveli - ihlaya abampofu, ihlaya ke sishintsha ukuphila. Kundera kuletha ndaba nangendlela engenangqondo. Incwadi ubukeka kuhle lifiphele futhi grey, kodwa kakhulu ubungqabavu.

Kundera, Milan: "Lo Lightness Okunzima Kakhulu Ukubhekana Nakho of Being"

inoveli okuqukethwe Kundera Kuyamangalisa ezijulile sika. Mhlawumbe ithandwa kakhulu futhi ibhekwa kakhulu incwadi umbhali. Kule nkulumo wachaza ukuthi uzama ukwenza umqondo inkululeko yefilosofi indoda, injabulo yakhe. Umlobi futhi kuthatha iphuzu isithombe kokuphenduka emlandweni isithakazelo yomzamo isiphetho ubudlelwane bendabuko zabantu abavamile. Abanye abafundi babe nombono ongemuhle kwalo msebenzi: it is kakhulu isenzo kancane. Le noveli ugcwele ezisungulwe nombhali, ukucabanga kwakhe futhi akanhlanhlatsi. Nokho, lokhu kuba okujabulisa umkhiqizo. Esikhathini inoveli, i storylines ezimbili. Amadili kuqala nge isiphetho uTheresa, noTomase, kanti eyesibili - Sabina futhi Franz. Bahlala, njengoba kubonakala efika kuqala, ukuphila ezivamile. Uthando, behlukana, bazibandakanya emsebenzini owodwa owenziwe okhokhelwayo. Nokho, ngo-1968 kukhona izenzakalo ezinjalo zezombusazwe ukuthi kugucula konkhe. Manje, abasahlala futhi unethezeke kungaba labo abathanda umbuso wamaSoviet. Njengoba ayaziwa ngo-1968 edolobheni Czech bahamba amathangi Soviet. Waqala izenzo umbhikisho mass lapho wahlanganyela Kundera. Milan ngoba wenqatshelwa ukufundisa. Umuzwa yokuntuleka inkululeko, ingcindezi ogcwele umbhali kule noveli. Le noveli ihunyushwa ngezilimi eziningi futhi wona wenziwe i-movie.

Izimpawu kumanoveli

Omunye amanoveli eziphawuleka kakhulu ukuthi wabhala Milan Kundera - "The Farewell Waltz". Kungenzeka ukwaba yezinhlamvu eziyisikhombisa main. Lawa zingabantu besilisa nabesifazane abavamile, uyokwakha kokubili ikusasa labo - akucacile. Ibhalwe ngu ezinye zicatshangwe izibalo amamiksi futhi Ihlangana izinhlamvu, elokhu enciphisa kubo komunye nomunye. Le noveli ugcwele uthando, usongo, imizwa. It singachazwa ngokuthi inoveli ngokwengqondo nge touch of esigebengwini (i umphenyi) uhlobo nemdlalo.

bokusungula temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba wobuciko - inoveli ukuthi wadala Milan Kundera - "Sokungafi" (1990). Le ncwadi yakhiwa njengoba uchungechunge izinhlangano ukuthi kwavela ngemva isenzo Heroine olulodwa. By endleleni, lokhu noveli zokugcina eyabhalwa Kundera ngolimi Czech. Ngo-French zalotshelwa amanoveli ezifana "uyephuza", "ubuqiniso". Le noveli "uyephuza" kuyinto izifundo nobunye ngokwengeziwe, okuyinto nzima ukuthola ngesihloko esisodwa (kusukela kunabaningi kangaka). A inoveli ngendlela abantu bavame sifinyelele into, ngaphandle kokuqaphela yokuthi kuphela ekuphishekeleni oshisekayo umgomo, kodwa hhayi isiphetho ngokwakho. Kukhona kuye ukuqashelwa Motifs kokuhlaziywa ukoma. "Ubuqiniso" Roman kuvula umfundi Maze engapheli ukucabanga futhi uthandani, lapho kunzima ukuqonda ukuthi yini ngempela engcondvweni bese lokho luqotho. Lo msebenzi ilungisa izindikimba ubungani, izinkumbulo, izinkumbulo.

ukuphila obengeziwe umlobi

Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, ngemva umsebenzi eCzechoslovakia amasosha aseSoviet Kundera ukuthi ophucwa okuthunyelwe eyunivesithi. Waqhubeka ukusebenza amanoveli akhe, kodwa akekho umsebenzi wakhe awuzange ishicilelwe. liqashelwe nokuhlukumeza kwamphoqa ukuba ahambe kulelo zwe. Ngisho nangemva kweminyaka eminingi kangaka umbhali ahlangabezane ukungabethembi Russian (ngakho uthi Kundera). Milan uya eFrance. Yena ophila khona kusukela ngo-1975. Ngo-1981 waba isakhamuzi ngokugcwele leli zwe. Kwaphela isikhathi eside Uyabhala amanoveli akhe ngolimi lwabo lwendabuko, futhi Tindzaba izihloko - ngesiFulentshi. Lapho exoxa ne-Kundera ukuthi, ngokungafani nezinye abalobi - bedingisiwe - yena angazizwa ehlukanisiwe inhlabathi lwabo lwendabuko, ngakho-ke ongayenza ngamandla alo.

Kundera Milan ngemibhalo

Njengazo zonke umbhali, Milan Kundera kuyinto fan oshisekayo izincwadi. Ngekusho kwembhali wencwadzi, nethonya elikhulu ayenayo imisebenzi amakhosi ezinkulu amazwi ezifana Fransua Rable futhi Deni Didro. Ngo imisebenzi nalaba ababhali Kundera edonsela umdlalo, kufaka ekhatsi siphukuto, "inkululeko, yaphenduka inoveli." Yiqiniso, lokho akusho anqikaze Kundera futhi compatriot yakhe - Frantsa Kafku. KuLo kufanele ubiza uphawu kwenkathi. Ukuntula ukholo kuyaqhubeka, abanye ukuphoxeka, ubunjalo luyakhohlisa ngcono emphakathini, i-indida - yilokho owuthanda amanoveli Kundera sika KAFKA.

Ezincwadini Russian, umbhali ikakhulukazi ugcizelela lokusungula ka LN UTolstoy. Ngokusho kwakhe, UTolstoy kuphumelele kangcono kunamanye abalobi ukuba liyobamba yesimanjemanje, ukuzwa sikhathi. I ekhethekile sokunconywa UTolstoy - kudalwa i Monologue yangaphakathi. Milan Kundera ukholelwa ukuthi UTolstoy kwaba walowo tetemibhalo "ekusakazeni ukwazi", athuthukiswe in the imisebenzi kaJoyce nabanye abalobi-modernists futhi postmodernists.

amazwi Famous kumbhali

Ngokujulile zefilosofi, umbhali kwezobuhlakani inoveli kungenziwa ngokoqobo "ukuphuma" I-lesisho. Nokho, kukhona ezinye izitatimende nombhali, akufakiwe ngemisebenzi yakhe.

"Ngiyayizonda ukuba ahlanganyele kwezombusazwe, nakuba ezombusazwe owuthanda me njengendlela show, ube ngumbukwane." Lokhu lesisho senziwa ngumlobi mayelana ukhetho eFrance ngokumuka kwakhe kuleli zwe. Yiqiniso, i-Inqubomgomo Kundera sika - umbono ezibuhlungu.

"Impilo, lapho awukwazi ukufihla emehlweni abanye - lena esihogweni." Kulesi ikhotheshini wabeka zonke: nesimo sakhe maqondana isimo wobushiqela, kanti nesimo sayo sengqondo olwakhe udumo. Milan kanye wathi wayefuna ukuba abe engabonakali. Umlobi akukaze wanamathela phandle, futhi akazange ukukhangisa empilweni yami.

"Zobuntu beqiniso umphakathi kubonakala ngesimo sakhe ukuba anakekele asebekhulile." Ngekusho kwembhali wencwadzi, akudingekile ukuba wahlulele umphakathi kuphela kwawo nesihloko izingane. Phela, kweqiniso Ngokuzayo indoda - is ukuguga.