Umlobi Robert Stevenson biography imisebenzi

Robert Stevenson - omunye wabalobi edume kakhulu, okuyinto ivame ukubhekwa umlobi wencwadi - noveli "Treasure Island", imisebenzi romantic and bobusha. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, Stevenson wayeyindoda impikiswano, kodwa inoveli yakhe eyaziwa kakhulu empeleni lishonile kunesikhumba kungase kubonakale.

Ithonya esikweni lesizwe ku umbhali esizayo

Scot ngokuzalwa, indlela abantu abakhuliswe ngayo futhi umoya ngoSelkirk ngoSelkirk kazwelonke - lawa izici ezichaza ngokunembile umuntu onjalo Robert Louis Stevenson. Biography omlobi uqinisekisa ukuthi isiko Scottish nomlando ziye zazithonya elikhulu kumiswa Stevenson njengomuntu. Umlobi esizayo wazalwa ngo-Edinburgh - the izinhlangano zamasiko nezombusazwe inhlokodolobha Scotland.

Okhokho balezi ingxenye uyise kombhali abanengi gade babalimi, Millers, balimi, futhi umkhulu wakhe ukuthi ungunjiniyela abadumile, owayehlangene ukwakhiwa kwamabhuloho, zezibani nezindonga ezivimba amanzi. Stevenson baqhubeka ukubhekana Umkhulu, uyise nabafowabo.

Through the umama womlobi esizayo, yena wayevela i ubunjalo Balfour, ngubani owawufana kwamaqembu wekuvana emngceleni ingxenye flat yeScotland lasendulo futhi owaziwa.

umlando Family, lozalo yayo, nezimpande ezijulile - lawa izinto mina wayenesithakazelo esijulile Robert Stevenson. Biography kubonisa ukuthi, noma kuphi lapho ekhona, njalo wahlala Scot kweqiniso. Ngisho e Polynesia, lapho izinga lokushisa neze lehla ngezansi 40 degrees, ekhaya lakhe, wakha iziko ejwayelekile Scottish.

Esakhula

Robert Louis Stevenson kwaba nje vó komntwana ayenaye emkhayeni. Lapho ngisemncane, ahlupheka ukugula okungathí sina, okuyinto kamuva babebe nethonya kuye kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku. Louis ngokuvamile imfiva, yena waba njalo ukukhwehlela, akazange air eyanele. Zonke Umlandvomphilo ezivamile abonisa sofuba noma izinkinga ezinzima kakhulu bronchial. Ubuhlungu, pallor, ubuthakathaka kanye mncane - lawa izinto zonke empilweni wahlupheka Robert Stevenson. Isithombe ngu umlobi athwale ngokucacile lokhu.

esengumntwana nangesikhathi intsha njengoba umlobi ukhumbula nezikhathi ezingapheli fever, ubuhlungu nokuqwasha. Umfana wathunyelwa esikoleni eminyakeni eyisithupha, kodwa ngenxa isimo isifundo sakhe akuphumelelanga. Lewis salandelwa izikole eziningana, othisha yangasese, kuyilapho wafunda esikoleni ehlonishwayo ngenxa yabantwana bakwa-abazali owaziwa nezicebi - Edinburgh Academy. Ukulalela uyise, wanquma ukuqhubeka ibhizinisi lomndeni wangena University of Edinburgh, lapho afundela khona ubunjiniyela, ikakhulukazi ukwakhiwa zezibani.

Isithakazelo ezincwadini

Ubunjiniyela ukwakhiwa zezibani - lezi yizinto ngempela Robert Louis Stevenson. Biography kubonisa ukuthi ngokuzithandela wahlanganyela ingxenye ngokoqobo kwesifundo, okuyinto kwenziwa emasayithini ukwakhiwa. Uhlelo sihlanganisa ukwehlisa e suit ogwini, lapho kungenzeka ukuhlola sezwe kwamanzi namadwala basisebenzisa njengeHholo ngesisekelo ukuze kwakhiwe lighthouse.

Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, Lewis isicelo iqhaza emncintiswaneni eRoyal Scottish Society of Sciences, lapho afike akhokha khona inkondlo yakhe "A hlobo olusha esibonisa ukukhanya ngoba zezibani," ngoba ayamukela nayo lendondo yesiliva. Emasontweni amabili azayo engxoxweni sina noyise Stevenson uthi afuna washiya ubunjiniyela. Ubaba wayesazisa kakhulu isikhundla ngokumelene izincwadi, ngakho kwanqunywa ukuthi indodana yayiyoba ummeli. okufana okunjalo Louis wahlela. Okokuqala, lomthetho umsebenzi nomsebenzi wamnika isikhathi esengeziwe mahhala, futhi okwesibili, Countryman abadumile Stevenson, Valter Skott, wayebuye abe ummeli, awamenzanga kamuva abe umlobi odumile. Lewis lidlule zonke izivivinyo futhi wathola isihloko ummeli, kodwa kwaba kuphela isiqinisekiso neqiniso lokuthi wayeseholela empeleni umbhali.

Ukuqala umsebenzi yetemibhalo

umbhali Okokuqala uRobert Stephenson yamemezela yena eneminyaka engu-nesithupha. On kayise kusho incwadi encane "Pentland kuvukela yakhishwa. indaba yekhasi 1666 ". Lapha umbhali abasha echazwe ngonyaka ezingamakhulu amabili ongumlimi ubudala kuvukela eScotland. Lo msebenzi ayikaziwa, kodwa kakade kwakukhona isithakazelo umbhali ebonakalayo emlandweni wesizwe, kanye nesifiso sokuba umgomo futhi kunembile.

Umsebenzi wokuqala omkhulu kwaba inoveli by Roberta Stivensona "The Road". Igama ufanekisela kakhulu ngoba, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Stevenson kwaba bayagula futhi ebuthaka, ukuqhuma zawo ezibalulekile nangokomzwelo kwamphoqa ukuhamba eziningi.

uhambo lokuqala

Ngo-1876, Stevenson nabangani bakhe bahamba ngesikebhe eduze nemifula nemisele waseFrance Belgium. Sasilibangise kwaba Paris, kodwa abangane wahlala ezindaweni elaseThiyathira, ecebile emlandweni. Lolu hambo zibe nomthelela omkhulu ku Stevenson. Emuva ekhaya, ngokushesha waqala umsebenzi incazelo ohambweni lwakhe, okuyinto kamuva yaphenduka umsebenzi "Journey emaqaqasini", futhi uye baba nethonya umsebenzi wakhe okwalandela.

Umbhali uzichaza inqubo ojikelezayo, ezihlukahlukene ezimweni funny futhi ayinangqondo owenzeka phakathi uhambo, uchaza abantu, izinhlamvu zabo futhi ukuziphatha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lenzani ngokushesha ngakho futhi unobtrusively, ukuvumela umfundi ukwakha umbono wakhe siqu mayelana nakho konke. Kwakuphakathi nalesikhathi uhambo, Robert Stevenson wahlangana Fanny Osborne, kamuva owaba Fanny Stevenson.

Fanny

Nge Frances Matilda Osborne Lewis elalihlangana kwelinye lala madolobhana French ngesikhathi lapho yena asithandayo imidwebo. Cishe zonke wokuphila bathi lo mhlangano kwaba kuthando lapho uqala. Fanny wayemdala kunezingane Lewis iminyaka eyishumi, ishade isiphukuphuku, saba nezingane ezimbili futhi efuna ukuba yedwa ngemva kokufa ingane yakhe encane kunawo wonke. Babevame ukukhuluma, wachitha isikhathi ndawonye, futhi ngemva breaking up njalo kwakulingana.

Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, ngo-1879, uRobert Stevenson wathola incwadi evela uFanny okuqukethwe okuyinto ayikaziwa kumlando. Kucatshangwa ukuthi wayekhuluma ngesifo sakhe esingathí sina. isimo Lewis ngaleso sikhathi kwakunzima: Ukugula zeluliwe, izinkinga zezimali, ukuxabana uyise, ngokuvumelana abangane, owathi Fanny washada nowesifazane. Konke lokhu akuzange kuwumise Lewis. Ngokushesha walulama futhi wayeya Melika, lapho ngaleso sikhathi wahlala Fanny. Uhambo lwalulude futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi.

Esefikile Melika, Waqhubeka basemazweni okufika isitimela eside esuka eNew York elibangise e-San Francisco. Kodwa Fanny wayengekho lapho, wathuthela eMonterrey. Lewis waya uhambo olulandelayo. Waya eyodwa ngehhashi. Ngendlela isimo sakhe kakhulu sawohloka waze washaywa ngaquleka. Ngamthola umzingeli endawo amabhere, ngubani banakekela Lewis wahlala on the esengozini yokufa nokuphila ukuphila ngazo izinsuku eziningana. Ukuba namandla yazuza, Stevenson namanje safinyelela Fanny.

Naphezu kwazo zonke lezo zithiyo, ngo-1880, Stevenson washada Fanny Osbourne wabuyela ekhaya nomkakhe, nezingane zakhe kanye nolwazi okukhulu, isipiliyoni yokuphila nezimo aphila ngaphansi. Fanny nezingane zakhe ephelezelwa Stevenson ohambweni lwakhe futhi wayenaye kuze izinsuku zakhe zokugcina.

Traveller uthayiphe umsebenzi Stevenson

Uhambo uthatha indima enkulu emsebenzini kombhali. Lesi sihloko Kwakungekusha izincwadi, kodwa abanye abalobi abonile iqhawe-isihambi akuyona indlela esabonwa Robert Stevenson. nombhali umsebenzi ukuchaza isihambi oziphatha okungenangqondo kanye nokumosha. Lokhu ngokuvamile isihambi kwaba umculi noma umbhali. Akenzi ukufuna noma yiphi inzuzo, waives imiklomelo noma amalungelo engeziwe.

Izikhangibavakashi Tindzaba Stevenson waqala evamile. Okuhambayo uchazwa ngokuthi izizinda amancane elula, ngesikhathi lapho wembula idiocy womuntu-isakhamuzi. Kamuva lo mbono emsebenzini wakhe wasebenzisa, nabanye abalobi owaziwa, kuhlanganise K. Jerome.

I zathola okuhlangenwe nakho travel kuqala futhi okwalandela, wathonya umsebenzi kwezincwadi umbhali, kuhlanganise umsebenzi yakhe edume kunazo zonke - noveli "Treasure Island".

"Treasure Island"

"Treasure Island" ngokungangabazeki le noveli yodumo kakhulu Roberta Lyuisa Stevenson. Namanje umsebenzi sidle yanyatheliswa kumagazini izingane ezidumile sika ngaphansi mbumbulu, kodwa akazange ulethe udumo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungiphathe kabi ukungasabeli kahle ngisho abathukuthele ngokuvamile baya ehhovisi yokuhlela. Njengoba incwadi, futhi igama langempela lomuntu umbhali kule noveli waphuma ngemva konyaka. Lesi sikhathi noveli ube yimpumelelo enkulu.

Nakuba inoveli has icebo kahle elula kanye nesakhiwo sendzaba njenganoma yikuphi inoveli adventure, iqukethe zikhathi voltage. Sitfombe nombhali kudala akuyona incazelo eningiliziwe izimo zansuku zonke, futhi iningi ifomu lelandzisako. Stevenson kwenza bekholelwa tinkhulumiswano, okwenza ukubukeka indaba asebenzayo kakhulu futhi okukhulu.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kule noveli ubhekwa bobusha futhi umnandi, kusekelwe izimpikiswano ezinkulu kanye nezihloko. Ikakhulukazi, sikhuluma ngenkinga nalokho izinhlamvu, nakho okungokomoya futhi mayelana nezingxoxo phakathi kokuhle nokubi.

"UJanet Uqalekisiwe"

Wathanda ukwazi okwengeziwe umphefumulo nomoya yomuntu, Robert Louis Stevenson kubonisa umsebenzi "Uqalekisiwe uJanet. Kulendaba, umlobi wanquma ukuhlanganisa real kanye kumnandi, futhi ubheke yokuthi kuye kwaba ezibizayo njalo - amasiko Scottish kanye motifs. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umkhiqizo incane, kuba kumbhali sijule kakhulu ephethwe ukukhombisa ukuthi umphefumulo womuntu, ukwesaba kwakhe izinkathazo.

Ngenxa izici of elandisayo yakha umbhali ukuyenza ukuthi ukuze konke yangempela indaba sengathi kumnandi, kodwa bonke kumnandi - yangempela. Kulokhu, indaba ngokwawo ngempela okunengqondo futhi kukholakale. Inkinga isibe nakho ngokomzwelo ngakho nesithakazelo umbhali, uwugcina ukudalula eminye, ikakhulukazi endabeni edumile ethi "Case Ongavamile uDkt Jekyll futhi Mr Hyde".

"Case Ongavamile uDkt Jekyll futhi Mr Hyde"

Umfutho ngokubhala inoveli kwaba amaziyo Stevenson sika nge Dostoevsky sika inoveli "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso", okuyinto banikezwe ngendlela entsha inkinga yokuziphatha komuntu futhi izimiso zokuhle. iqhawe kwendaba - ekhaliphile, enenhlonipho, ehloniphekayo Dr. Jekyll - yalokho sokuhlolwa kuhlulekile ezidabula ubuntu bakhe futhi ikuvumela ukukhanya twin zabo okumbi okubi Mr Hyde.

Stevenson ebuza imibuzo ngokufaneleka injongo yokuphila, inkinga enkululeko, ukukhetha, ukuphepha isiyalo yangaphakathi futhi ukudlala. Indaba sabhalwa ifomu okuyinto akulindelekile ngu Stevenson, bazibuyisa injabulo jikelele.

Le noveli "INkosi Ballantrae"

Lo msebenzi Lewis ingenye ezinzima, kodwa lokhu lapho Stevenson safinyelela phezulu amakhono abo. It is kule noveli, yena kuhlangene amabili themes ebaluleke kakhulu umsebenzi wakhe: ngxabano phakathi kokuhle nokubi futhi isikhalazo isiko Scottish nomlando. Esikhathini inoveli, uchaza izelamani ezimbili, kabani izinhlamvu kukhona ngokucace kubonisa lezi zinkinga. Izimpande lezi zinkinga umbhali ubezama ukuthola ezijulile, kusukela uhlamvu kazwelonke futhi liphetha ngamazwi Puritanism yezwe.

Robert Stevenson - umbhali eliyingqayizivele ubani udumo ngenxa nje kuphela imisebenzi yabo, kodwa futhi yomlando wakhe. Abafundi bakhangwa ubuqotho ubuntu bakhe, isibindi, futhi drama ukudalelwa.