Izici Zabantu Central laseSiberia Plateau. Central laseSiberia Plateau: nesimo sendawo, ubude, isikhundla

Central laseSiberia Plateau amanga kwabanhlempu enyakatho-Eurasia. Le ndawo komhlaba - ezingaba yingxenye yesigidi amakhilomitha. Uyini umbono we Central laseSiberia Plateau ebalazweni? Kusukela eningizimu, endaweni amanga ezintabeni Sayan, elise iBaikal kanye iBaikal esifundeni. Ingxenye yaso esentshonalanga emdeni West laseSiberia Plain, esenyakatho - iNyakatho-laseSiberia elisezansi empumalanga - ne Central yakut plain.

Nezizwe

Ubude Central laseSiberia Plateau ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu - ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane angu-3. Territory inhlabathi kwakheka Paleozoic kancane Mesozoic. Ukuze ndawo futhi libhekene intrusions wakubo: basalt nesembozo kanye izicupho. Lesi sifunda siyindawo ezifakwa ocebile iron, ithusi kanye nickel imikhando, graphite, amalahle kanye nosawoti. Kube misela amadayimane kanye negesi yemvelo. Climate - ezwekazini, futhi ukulondolozwa cishe nayo yonke insimu, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ubude Central laseSiberia Plateau ngempela umxhwele. Winter nesithwathwa: air lokushisa - 20-40 degrees, esiphezulu - ukuba -70. Summer kuqhathaniswa cool noma efudumele (12-20 degrees). Umthamo imvula ngonyaka incipha ohlangothini usuke entshonalanga uye empumalanga - kusuka 800 kuya kwangu-200. Iqhwa cishe emhlabeni luvame. nemithambeka Special eneqhwa ezahlukene ithafa entshonalanga Putorana. Phakathi imifula emikhulu Kumele kuqashelwe Lower Tunguska, hangars, Stony Tunguska, Viluy, uLena Khatanga. Lezi kanye nezinye nemifula basonta somfula-Arctic Ocean. Central laseSiberia ithafa ubude baso, njengoba kuboniswe ngenhla, izwe libanzi inxa zombili ukuze kakhulu embozwe larch (coniferous ukukhanya) ehlathini. On engxenyeni eseningizimu pine ezivamile futhi larch kanye pine amahlathi.

Izici Zabantu Central laseSiberia Plateau

Eziningi zezindawo elalihlala ithafa. Kuyinto ububanzi futhi flat ephakathi kwemifula, ngokuvamile izimbuku. Central ithafa laseSiberia ukuphakama kabani isilinganiso - hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-500-700 m ezigabeni elele engenhla 1000 m (kufika ku 1071). Isiteji base ugajwe Archean-Proterozoic eligoqiwe engaphansi. Kuyinto kamuva ikhava sedimentary isikhathi. Ungqimba ukushuba - mayelana 10-12 amakhilomitha. Engxenyeni esenyakatho naseningizimu-ntshonalanga idwala outcrop (Aldan Isihlangu, Anabaysky afanayo Pribaikalskaya lift). Crustal ukujiya ngokuvamile 25-30 km kwezinye izindawo - kuze kufinyelele 45 amakhilomitha. Impumuzo yeCentral laseSiberia Plateau wukuthi kule ndawo kakhulu liphuma phezu kogu lolwandle.

Isakhiwo endaweni engaphansi

Ipulatifomu ukwenza izinhlobo eziningana amatshe. Phakathi kwazo kunabafundi zemabula, schists, nezinye charnockites. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, engu-ezinye zazo - amathathu kuya eziyizinkulungwane ezine eminyakeni. Sedimentary ikhava phezulu akuyona ezifana ezifakwa lasendulo. Ukwakheka lezi zinhlobo basonta kwesikhathi labhalwa umuntu. ezifakwa Paleozoic igcwele amatshe igneous. Bona kwamiswa ngenkathi iqhuma eziningi, simisiwe edwaleni sedimentary. Lezi zogqinsi ngokuthi izingibe. Ngenxa alternation yalezi izingqimba sedimentary (siphuka kalula) zilwane bakha impumuzo wangenela zensimu. Ngokuvamile izicupho zitholakala Tunguska esifundeni ukucindezeleka. Esikhathini Mesozoic Central laseSiberia Plateau esikhathini esiningi wazibonela ukuphakamisa. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakheka Putorana ithafa. Leli phuzu aphakeme e yoke imikhawulo. Ukuphakamisa ebusweni waqhubeka Cainozoic. Ngesikhathi esifanayo waqala ukuthatha ukuma inethiwekhi emfuleni. Ngaphandle Putorana ithafa, ezisindayo kwaphawuleka kule Yenisei, le Anabar Massif. Izinqubo ezenzeka kamuva, okwaholela izinguquko emfuleni inethiwekhi. Lena isakhiwo zomhlaba ziye eCentral laseSiberia Plateau. Kufanele ukuthi ukuthi wasinda iminonjana emfuleni izinhlelo ezazikhona ngezikhathi zasendulo. Mobility futhi amandla zeqhwa okwakungokokuqala ngqá kule ndawo lalilincane, nethonya elikhulu kangaka ku impumuzo abazange babe (njengakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, isibonelo). Ukukhulisa waqhubeka kwaba ngemva kwezikhathi zokulotshwa glacial.

Incazelo emfuleni izinhlelo

Central laseSiberia Plateau - ethafeni nge pologovolnistym esiqoshiwe sase-Entre Rios futhi ijulile (kwezinye izindawo kanonoobrazymi) emfuleni izigodi. I ka amachibi ukujula enkulu - up ayinkulungwane amamitha. zokwakheka ezinjalo zijwayelekile emazweni asentshonalanga yasethafeni Putorana. Ukujula ubuncane -. 100 m amasayithi ezinjalo zitholakala Central Tunguska ithafa, North kanye Central laseSiberia Yakutskaya elisezansi. Cishe bonke izigodi emfuleni e Central eSiberia canyon futhi ube nesikhathi ongeke ukuma engalingani. Isici esiphawulekayo okubhukuda - inani elikhulu (eziyisithupha kuya eziyisishiyagalolunye) masimu. Lawa masayithi ukhombe eziphindaphindiwe ukuphakamisa zomhlaba kwendawo. Ehlanzeni North-eSiberia futhi Taimyr emfuleni izigodi kwakheka ezinkathini zakamuva. Kulesi ithala atholakala lapho izinombolo ezincane - ngisho amachibi elikhulu ezingeqile kwezintathu noma amane.

Izici amadivayisi uqweqwe eMhlabeni

On yoke imikhawulo kukhona iqembu ezine impumuzo:

1. Emikhulu, emikhulu, Amathafa, ezinkangala bese afanayo phakathi. Lesi sakamuva itholakala ngasekungeneni egumbini crystalline.
2. Plateau kanye kwesigubhu awalethe. Ziyakwazi phezu Paleozoic rocks sedimentary.
3. Stratum-accumulative namathafa accumulative.
4. Plateau Volcanic.

Isiqondiso Central laseSiberia Plateau waqala ukwakha kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Kumele ukuthi izinqubo ezenzeka namuhla. Usekhuluma endulo, futhi manje siye ohlangothini olufanayo. Nokho, akuyona ethize yonke indawo. Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi izinqubo endaweni, lapho Central laseSiberia Plateau, kunzima eside eyiqhwa. It kuvimbela, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukwakheka Karst yakha amagxolo - imithombo yemvelo, nasemihumeni, eziningi amatshe (Gypsum, wokulinganisa, limestone nabanye). Enhlabathini, lapho Central laseSiberia Plateau, kukhona into evamile yezinye izindawo eRussia lasendulo glacial relict imfundo. amafomu Karst zitholakala kuphela kwezinye izindawo eningizimu. Kulezi zindawo akukho eyiqhwa. Lezi zihlanganisa, ngokukhethekile, faka Leno-Aldan noLena-Angara ithafa. Nokho, njengoba eziyisisekelo engajulile amafomu impumuzo kuyo yonke indawo kukhona namanje cryogenic nokuguguleka kwenhlabathi. iziphepho enzima sezulu ngokucijile yezwekazi nesandla ekwakhiweni phezu ithafa, imithambeka wezigodi emfuleni futhi ezintabeni inani elikhulu Stony anesihlabathi kanye talus. Cishe yonke indawo ku eyiqhwa phansi ukusabalala. Ithanda ukuzihlalela yodwa ukulondolozwa ongaphakeme yonyaka lokushisa kwesilinganiso sayo kwesikhathi abandayo netimphawu sezulu esingokwemvelo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngoba indawo libhekene cloudiness ezincane, okuyinto enomthelela emisebeni ebusuku ukushisa. Ukuhlukahlukana kwenhlabathi ngenxa heterogeneity yamadwala, umswakama, isimo sezwe, izici flora, lokushisa umbuso. Imvelo has nomthelela obalulekile kokubili Ukwakheka zama-flora nezilwane ezihlukahlukene, futhi umbala wangaphandle, ubuningi, kanye indlela yokuphila izilwane nokuthuthukiswa kwezimila.

Flora futhi Fauna

Ehlathini ithatha cishe 70% zensimu. On ithafa Central obusa ku ihlathi lezihlahla owakhiwa entshonalanga larch laseSiberia empumalanga - Dahurian. izitshalo coniferous kwaphoqa ezindaweni kakhulu entshonalanga. Ngenxa ehlobo hhayi ezinomswakama kakhulu futhi kuqhathaniswa efudumele endaweni ezingaphezu kuka kuphi ihlathi enye isihambile kuya enyakatho. Esikhathini isimo sezulu esibi sezinwele ezilwaneni noboya atholwe silky futhi Fluffy ikakhulukazi. I nezilwane ezihlukahlukene ehlathini wehlukile kakhulu. Kwezilwane zasendle impungushe ezivamile, Wolverine, Ermine, amakholomu, Sable nabanye. Izilwane nezinselo ezivulekile, esigqoke abahlala ensimini ka inyamazane must kanye nama-moose. kuvamile namagundane ihlathi, ikakhulukazi amaprotheni obuningi kakhulu. Lesi silo yindawo ekhethekile ukuhweba noboya. Izindawo ezisemqoka kwendawo amaprotheni - amnyama coniferous ehlathini. Of enye namagundane ezingaba ngempela eminingi ye vole, nonogwaja, squirrel. Phakathi izinyoni zinhlobo ptarmigan ezivamile, grouse. Ngo-1930 endaweni Central laseSiberia Plateau laqanjwa muskrat. Lesi silwane kuyo imifula kancane ikakhulukazi, amachibi, lapho inani elikhulu marsh kwezimila. Izilwane eziningi, ezazivamile endaweni yakubo, inkulu kakhulu kunangendlela izihlobo zabo ezihlala ezindaweni onomoya omnene.

ithafa Putorana

Esikhathini enyakatho ingxenye amanga endaweni kancane eziyinqaba, lichithiwe, kepha enhle. "Ethi The Lost World" - kangaka okuthiwa izintatheli endaweni. I izivakashi ezimbalwa abeza lapha ukhuluma ngani endaweni njengoba isifunda kanye namachibi ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi izinkulungwane nezimpophoma. Putorana Plateau - sezwe ongaqondakali futhi ngokubabazekayo ukuthi akuyona efana yimuphi omunye. Kukhona ezihosheni eziningi, amachibi, crystal nezimpophoma crystal emifuleni ecacile. Ngokumelene okwenza iqhwa amatshe ivelele izimbali elikhanyayo enyakatho.

Incazelo emfishane zensimu

Putorana ithafa amanga ngale kwemingcele yakwa -Arctic Circle. Nanti iphuzu esiphezulu Central laseSiberia Plateau. Yasungulwa, ngokososayensi, iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-10-12 edlule. Ukwakheka insimu nomthelela okwakubangelwe ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu eziyisiprofetho ezazithinta bakha ingxenye enkulu yabamemezeli Eurasia. Inqubo zaholela ekwakhekeni iziqhingi ezinkulu kule Kara futhi uBarents iziLwandle. Ngemva kokuzamazama komhlaba, kushintshe isimo sezulu kungazelelwe (baqala ukulawula abandayo nokhahlo), kanye zezilwane nezimila. Namuhla, ithafa uhlobo "ungqimba ikhekhe" akha omningi lava outpourings. Kwezinye izindawo, zokwakheka basaltic, zikhona mayelana ezimbili kweshumi. Cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi phakathi nonyaka eziqongweni iqhwa. Kuyinto ngokusebenzisa le ensimini ka imithombo eminingi kangaka amanzi. Qala snowmelt kwenzeka ngo-August.

Legends of Putorana ithafa

Epics lezizwe enyakatho igcina eziningi zinganekwane mayelana kule ndawo eshiyiwe. Nganasan, Nenets futhi Evenk, ngubani abaphila endulo futhi insimu yalo, lapha nikholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu uhlala Fire - tormentor ka imiphefumulo engabantu, izinkulungwane inkosi esihogweni. Ngokusho ososayensi, lezi zinkolelo ezihlobene nokusebenzelana esanda kuqalwa ethatha indawo (4-5 thous. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule) nokuqhuma kwezintabamlilo. Uthi omunye Evenki ezinganekwaneni, umoya somlilo, wabaleka ngalolo suku ngokwesaba kwalasha, zenyukela ngenhla Khatanga, okubangela amanzi abilayo komfula, edolobhaneni ohangulayo, evutha ehlathini, abhubhise imfuyo nabantu. On ithafa kuyinto Lake Khantayskoye. abantu bendawo basibiza chalice ngafikelwa izinyembezi. Leli chibi njengelinye lamazwe ejulile e insimu yonke iRussia. I wechibi ukujula ifinyelela amamitha angamakhulu amahlanu. Ngasekuqaleni Khantayskoye echibini njengengcwele. Nenets futhi Evenk intombazane beza kuye phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, ukuze bakhononde ngamamaki isabelo sabo lonkulunkulukazi Eshnu ubone ikusasa labo esizayo amanzi alo. Ngokusho nganekwane wasendulo, unkulunkulu Fire endulo, wabulala indodana yakhe okwakuwukuphela unkulunkulukazi Eshnu. Wakhe ongafi master of Hell wathatha ukuze umphandu yakhe yomshoshaphansi. Siphuke imimoya Eshnu wamemeza isikhathi eside, kwaze kwaba yaphenduka black basalt idwala. Esabhekene omisiwe egcwele kanye nokushisa umcengezi. Benziwa Bowl izinyembezi.

Ukuphila ithafa namuhla Putorana

insimu yalo has sekungamashumi amaningi eminyaka, kukhona yokuhlala unomphela eyodwa kuphela. Budebuduze echibini elise-Agata sezulu esiteshini. On ke kunabantu mayelana abayishumi, bazithukuthelela ezaziwazungezile silindile iwashi ekushintsheni izimo zezulu. Kodwa ababikezeli bezulu uzigcine futhi izenzakalo eliyimfihlakalo, incazelo zazo aphuthelwe isifinyezo. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, kufanele sikhumbule izisebenzi endala esiteshini Meteorological ngonyaka kusukela ngo-December 25th ukuba yesi-7 Januwari, kusukela ngeminyaka yoma kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, cishe njalo kusihlwa endaweni imitha-engamakhulu impophoma eqandisiwe Habarba esibhakabhakeni esuka umhlaba kuyanda eyindilinga ujikelezisa imibuthano. Ngemizuzu embalwa nje, akha elikhazimulayo giant Kuvunguza, esisuka phezulu esibhakabhakeni ebusuku. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa ihlala akukho kuka imizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu. Ngemva kwalokho Kuvunguza buphela ebumnyameni. Kunenye imfihlakalo Putorana ithafa. Uma uyikha phezulu le - yemvelo umgandayo olunezinhlangothi - avele ngezikhathi ezithile, ushe ngamajamo weJiyomethri - onxantathu, ovals, imibuthano.

Izinqubo ezenzeka uqweqwe eMhlabeni, futhi isibikezelo ezayo

Namuhla, akukho sizathu esibonakalayo ngokuvuswa yonyaka yasethafeni futhi ngamasentimitha nengxenye, okuholela ngokuya ezijulile zomhlaba amaphutha isisekelo. Leli qiniso kusikisela ukuthi komhlaba, sasivumela okukhulu. Sikhishwe ekuphumeni kulo umsebenzi Geological, ososayensi ziya ngokuya vocal ngalokho singalindela endaweni yelinye inhlekelele yemvelo esikhathini esiseduze esizayo (esizayo) esikhathini esizayo. Ochwepheshe basikisela izinguqulo ezintathu okungase kwenzeke ngayo. Esimweni sokuqala, intokazi esikhundleni Amathafa, kodwa esebenzayo kakhulu ukwakheka mlilo. Esikhathini Kwesesibili Kusolwa uchungechunge sokuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla ekhulwini esilandelayo. Ngenxa yalokho lezi zinqubo, idwala ukwakheka entsha esehlukanisa Central laseSiberia Plateau ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu kuya iningi Eastern Sayan. Ngekhulu lesithathu, ecaleni okubi kakhulu, kuyoba izinqubo sina Geological, ezifanayo esikalini nge ukushuba inhlekelele engokwemvelo. Ngenxa yalokho, iphutha kungenzeka ngesikhathi indawo ekhuthaza giant laseSiberia Ipulatifomu West ipuleti eSiberia eduze Yenissei pool. Ngenxa yalokho, Taimyr nhlonhlo baba kwesinye isiqhingi, amanzi avela le Laptev Sea crevice Ugcwalise kwakhiwa leli zwekazi.