Isithonjana - Iyini? imifanekiso sidilizwa nencazelo yawo. Uyini imifanekiso okuzisholo?

Isithonjana - ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ubuKristu. Lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi igama lesiGreki elisho ukuthi "isithombe." Ngokuvamile, abangcwele ezahlukene, uNina kaNkulunkulu kusenzo izithonjana, iisus hristos noma izenzo ezenzeka endulo, futhi echazwe emiBhalweni.

ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana imifanekiso, yosizo lwabo olungokomoya

Zikhotha kuboniswe isithonjana, hhayi uNkulunkulu. Kukholakala ukuthi wayehlose kuphela ukukhumbuza ethandaza uhlobo lukaNkulunkulu. Ngakho-ke, bhala e isithonjana akuyona ebusweni, futhi ubuso. Kubaluleke kakhulu kukhona amehlo abonisa ukuthi umphefumulo ukujula. Ayikho zincane futhi ukuthinta isandla ukuthi baphathe lapho kukhulunywa ngento ethile.

Ezinye izindaba zika-sibalo Airy kakhulu, njengoba yakhelwe ukukhombisa amandla angaphakathi. Kuyinto kule nekugcizelela.

Ngaleso isikhathi esithile phakathi abaculi ke kwaduma zenkolo indaba ephathwayo. Futhi ngingathanda - imidwebo nezimpawu ngalesi sihloko uvezwa kuso saint efanayo, isibonelo. Kodwa phansi kukhona ngendwangu ongokomoya, kanti eyesibili akuyona. Ngakho-ke, isidingo athobele iconography Sekuyisikhathi eside benza uhlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli ngakususi imininingwane ngephutha. Ingxenye ngayinye ithwala ngento ethile futhi umthwalo ezingokomoya.

Isithonjana kusukela umbono komlando

Ukubukeka izithonjana kuhlehlela emuva A.D. mina ekhulwini Kukholakala ukuthi owokuqala babo sidalwe uLuka, owayengudokotela wabhala enye izingxenye Gospel. Ngokusho version yesibili, indlela endala kuyinto sigxilise ebusweni kaJesu Kristu, lapho Wabanga ithawula ngesikhathi egeza.

Noma kunjalo, izithombe eminingi yasendulo atholakele sangomhla emuva ekhulwini VI. Babedalelwene ngayo eMbusweni WaseByzantium, okuyinto yaba nethonya elikhulu ku nokuloba imifanekiso. Kuleyo ncwadi kamuva efanayo, kodwa okuningi, alotshwa canons zokubhala izithombe.

imifanekiso Umlando abenezikhala ezahlukene. Bashushiswa, bachuma, futhi ushintshe isitayela lokubhala. Ngamunye izithombe ikhombisa isikhathi, ingane ngayinye yehlukile kwenye. Baningi imifanekiso, exudes nemure, ukukhala, igazi, uphulukise abagulayo ngeenkhathi zamatshwenyeko. Basuke uthathwa njengoba izinto ezingcwele kakhulu.

Kanjani ukwakha imifanekiso

Isithonjana - uphawu ezibalulekile yekholwa, Ngakho-ke, inqubo yokudala isibonisi isikhathi eside wachaza canons, okuyinto namanje walondoloza. Ukudala isithombe - akusiyo okusheshayo, udinga okungenani izinyanga ezintathu le njongo.

Ukudala imifanekiso has ezinye izinyathelo sibhekisiswe kahle:

• Kukhethwa ukhuni womshini ibhodi, okuyinto kuyoba isisekelo.
• Khona-ke, ubuso ukulungele. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isithombe wahlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle ushintsho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, wenze izenzo ezithile. Okokuqala yenza ngekhanda, uketshezi ingcina is zizosetshenziswa, ngemva - primer (gesso). Isibongo kufanele sisetshenziswe izikhathi ezimbalwa wasiqashisa ome kahle emva - gaya. Ngokuvamile phambi ungqimba gesso is ethe njo noma serpyanku pavoloka (indwangu ekhethekile).
• Esigabeni esilandelayo - the yamaphetheni. Lena akuyona isithombe sokugcina - nje wesifunda. Kufanele kube ngemva okuthile khama abukhali, ngakho-ke akuveli ulahleke phakathi kwezinye izingqimba.
• Uma uphawu kuyoba gilding, kufanele kusetshenziswe khona manje, kulesi sigaba.
• Manje kudingeka silungiselele upende. Ukuze uthole uhlu isithonjana kumele kuthathwe zemvelo.
• Upende lokuqala monochromatic isicelo kwi izakhi ingemuva kanye dolichnye.
• Kuyobe sekufika lo mdwebo. Dolichnye ukucutshungulwa lokuqala izakhi (landscape, izingubo), khona-ke ukupenda izitho zakho zangasese (izandla, izinyawo, ubuso). Futhi ngemvume isithonjana (umuntu okhonjiswa kuyo).
• I touch yokuqedela iyona ukwelashwa nge ukuvenisha noma lacquer.

Khona-ke uphawu kumelwe umngcwelise.

I ukubaluleka kwezithombe esontweni

Zonke izithonjana ethempelini babe value abo, akhona. Afakwe iconostasis isonto ngokushesha ebonakalayo. A wall lokhuni okungukuthi phambi kwe-altare nethempeli. On ke - isithombe zokuphila kukaKristu, incazelo yokuhlupheka kwakhe.

You azi ukuthi zonke isithonjana esilenga endaweni yayo ngephutha nje. Esikhathini Isikhungo siyadingeka yiyona okuthiwa Deesis uchungechunge lapho kukhona 'ukholo eziningi ongcwele. Maphakathi nalo - isithonjana kaKristu uMninimandla onke. Top - iholide ukucinga indikimba yendaba, phakathi kwawo - izindaba eTestamenteni Elisha.

Ngo maphakathi iconostasis kukhona Royal Iminyango, okuyiwona - altare. On Uhlangothi ngalunye - izithombe nge ubuso Kristu kanye Virgin. Futhi, kukhona uqimba engezansi, okuyinto elaligcwele izithombe santa, kanye nezithombe amaholidi ukuthi zibizwa ohlonishwayo.

Ukukhuluma ngalokho kusho izithonjana esontweni, singabona ukubaluleka kwabo imicimbi ehlukahlukene, ukukhunjuzwa leNkosi abantu abathembekile. Abanye babe nesimo esibalulekile njengoba ukuphulukiswa izifo zabo, enza nezifiso zezwe. Le ndlela bayibiza ngokuthi futhi zichichime ukwazisa ngomusa usizo.

Kukholakala, Ngakho-ke, ukuthi imifanekiso esontweni kukhona abaxhumanisi. Amakholwa azi ukuthi, ngokuthumela isicelo abangcwele bangempela ukuboniswa kuzo kulindeleke konke angakwenza ukuze asize.

I imifanekiso eminingi yasendulo nabadala

EbuKristwini, kukhona izithombe ikakhulukazi liyahlonishwa ukuthi kufika kithi evela ezikhathini zasendulo. Angumxhumanisi phakathi nesikhathi lapho lezizinto zenzeka khona eBhayibhelini, futhi neyethu. Lezi mpawu lasendulo yokuqala ikakhulu igcinwe iminyuziyamu, kodwa bavame ikopishwe kwamanye amathempeli.

Ngokwesibonelo, e-Kiev Museum of Western futhi Oriental Art izindlu kakhulu lasendulo isithonjana Ioanna Krestitelya, obuhlehlela emuva ekhulwini VI. Wenziwe besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe of isikhathi - encaustic. Kwakuvamise ke ukupenda imifanekiso ubudala e yoMbuso WaseByzantium.

Libuye omunye umfanekiso endala walondoloza kuyinto umdwebo zabaPhostoli uPetru noPawulu. Usuku indalo yayo - ekhulwini XI. Manje lilondolozwe Novgorod Museum. It is hhayi walondoloza ngokuphelele: izandla, ubuso nezinyawo ungayigcini esifubeni upende yasekuqaleni. Nokho, phakathi ukubuyiselwa wabuka zibuyekezwe.

Isithonjana samanje St George, okuyinto lilondolozwe kweNyuka Cathedral eMoscow, phezu ezizathwini libhekisela XI ekupheleni - Isiqalo XII leminyaka. Ekulondolozweni izinsalela ezinhle.

imifanekiso sidilizwa - lokhu kuyinto ifa obalulekile wobuKristu. Ngamunye wabo siqu indaba ekhethekile lokubhala inqubo yayo. Lolu cwaningo ikhombisa izimpawu, wabe esebamba izinto ukudala kubo. Ngeshwa, abambalwa kakhulu ngasinda labo izithombe lokuqala, njengoba sekube nezikhathi uyaca.

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi akuvamile ngesikhathi kuboniswa abalobi. Lokhu kwabonisa ukuthi ebalulekile iconography wayesekhona isithombe.

isithonjana aqanjwe

Lolu uhlobo ehlukile izithombe ebuKristwini. Esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi imifanekiso labawatfolile esifundvweni nobe ukubhapathizwa, kufanele zigcinwe kukho konke ukuphila. Kungaba ngcono nakakhulu uma uzihlanganisa ngendlela phezu indlwana wengane, ukuze aqaphe ke ekulimaleni.

Kufanele wazi ukuthi isithonjana - yilawo ebonisa abakuKristu kabani udumo umuntu abhapathizwe. Ngokuvamile, isithombe esinjalo kuyakhethwa egameni ingane. Uma okunjalo akukhona kwabangcwele, kubalulekile ukuthatha lowo kangcono. Ngakho, umntwana livela nomvikeli.

Endulo imifanekiso enjalo ngaphambilini ngokukhethekile lokuzalwa noma umbhaphathizo ingane. Babizwa ngokuthi bangabantu ntathu master ekukhuleni kwezingane.

imifanekiso aqanjwe kungukuthi kuphela esetshenziselwa ngezikhathi ezikhethekile. Kukhona futhi:

• imifanekiso Wedding - esetshenziswa ngesikhathi somkhosi ebandleni;
• umndeni - abayikho abangcwele abamagama sihambisana amalungu omkhaya, ngokuvamile isuka kwesinye isizukulwane iye kwesinye ingaboniswa;
• labo okufanele abe phezu iconostasis ikhaya;
• isithonjana ohlonishwayo umndeni ongcwele.

Isithonjana edume kunazo UnguNina KaNkulunkulu

Lokufaneleka ikakhulu iconography efomini zesifazane, okungukuthi, Umama Kwaphezulu. imifanekiso bakhona kakhulu idunyiswe yokwethembeka, ngokuvamile babe namandla okwenza izimangaliso. Ngamunye wabo kunenjongo lalo. Noma yimuphi imifanekiso enjalo (isithombe esihlokweni) kungokwasekuqaleni kakhulu.

• Kazan Isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu. Watholakala-July 8, 1579 ku umlotha endlini wokushiswa e Kazan. Lolu phawu kubhekwa ephulukisa.
• Iver isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu. Ngokokuqala ngqá mayelana kwaziwa cishe ngekhulu IX, lapho kwenzeka isimangaliso, futhi kusukela wawugelezela igazi. Ngemva kwalokho, watholakala eNtabeni Athos eminyakeni 200. Ukuthandaza ngaphambi kokuba lokhu isithonjana kusiza phakathi nezimo ezinzima, wenza kutholakale ukuphulukiswa noma ukwanda inhlabathi lokuzala.
• Tikhvin Isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu. Kukholakala ukuthi yabhalwa uLuka the Evangelist. Manje igcinwe Rossii.Eta isithonjana kakhulu ahlonishwe omama. Kuyasiza emthandazweni izingane ukuphulukisa yabo. Futhi sithandazele abesifazane wakhe abafuna aba omama.
• UVladimir Isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu. Omunye omdala, elakhiwa emhlabeni XI leminyaka. Namuhla igcinwe Tretyakov Igalari. Ngithandaza le isithonjana phakathi nempi, ukuze kuqiniswe ukholo. futhi sisiza yezifo (njenge engqondweni nasemzimbeni). Kukholakala ukuthi lokhu icon umqaphi nomvikeli endlini ezindabeni zokuphila.

Kunezinye izithombe UnguNina KaNkulunkulu, sithandazele lowo. isithonjana ngasinye - lena Ukuvikelwa okukhethekile kanye nosizo yesithombe zesifazane ebuKristwini.

Nikolaya Chudotvortsa Icon

Nikolay Chudotvorets - engengaphansi ohlonishwayo saint emhlabeni yobuKristu. Jikela kuye ezindabeni ezihlukahlukene - kusuka nezifo zomzimba ngaphambi kokuqeda izingxabano kanye nenzondo. Wayehlala III-IV eminyaka, futhi phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe baduma ngenxa izenzo ezinkulu. Ziningi imifanekiso yalo, izithombe ezibonisa ingokomoya lakhe.

Isithombe omdala saint kuhlehlela emuva ekhulwini XI kanye isendaweni eNtabeni iSinayi, ngesikhathi lezindela eSt Katherine.

Kuze kube manje, e zezindela abaningi namathempeli imifanekiso yakhe, ezithinta izakhiwo ngokuyisimangaliso.

Izithonjana iNdodana kaNkulunkulu uJesu Kristu

Esinye sezithombe zokuqala kukaJesu Kristu kwaba uphawu lwakhe noma sekuthi angiphonse ithawula, eyabonakala khona ngomlingo. Kuleli zwe lanamuhla lalibizwa uMsindisi azenziwanga ngezandla.

Uma sikhuluma izithonjana likaJesu Kristu, khona-ke eziningi kubo. Kukhona futhi izinhlobo eziningana ukubhala izithombe zakhe.

• UMsindisi - ubuso esiqinile, ukuloba kwakhe akusho isuke ikhona ohlwini lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli.
• Kristu Pantocrator - kukholakala ukuthi lena umfanekiso waso oyinhloko, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi uhambisane ukushumayela kwakhe ubudala.
• Ubuso oNgcwele. It imelelwa izinhlobo ezimbili - "noMsindisi ku ubrus" "noMsindisi ku ugebhezi."

INdodana ngomfanekiso kaNkulunkulu namuhla inezici ezithile saziso. Le ncwadi-halo, outerwear, ikhiphedi, akwamuke ingubo. Futhi qiniseka ukungena ngemvume.

imifanekiso yakhe nencazelo yawo abe nesimo esibalulekile ebuKristwini.

Isithonjana Sergiya Radonezhskogo

Sergiy Radonezhsky - lokhu ingenye abangcwele ohlonishwayo kakhulu. Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe, konke ayekufeza Izenzo eziningi egameni likaKristu. namazwi akhe ukubuyisana kanye thulisa.

On isithonjana Sergiy Radonezhsky kubonisa okunzima, nge ephakanyiswe ngakwesokunene esibusisweni. Kwesokunxele, wachaza ukuthi uqhuba umqulu njengoba iwuphawu ulwazi. imifanekiso yakhe nencazelo yawo ibaluleke kakhulu kumaKristu. Thandaza lo saint ukuze bazivikele izitha yezwe. Iphinde kusiza ezifundweni, ngaphambi kokuthi uyobhala noma nje phakathi nobunzima e engaqondi lutho.

Mirotochenie izimangaliso nezimpawu

Imure-bukhoma isithonjana - ke kuyisimangaliso ukuthi kungenzeki njalo. Kukholakala ukuthi isixwayiso mayelana okuthile. Futhi, lesi simanga kungenzeka kube umphumela umthandazo omude futhi abaqotho.

Kukholakala ukuthi ketshezi, eqokomisa isithonjana kuleli qophelo, uphulukisa. Uma wenza ukugcotshwa abagulayo, ukugula kwakhe ungashiya.

Mirotochenie - liphinde mkhuba aSimakadze kulesive ntu bani kholwa. Lena kubo isigijimi sakhe.

Amanani imifanekiso

In ngamunye esitolo yesonto ungathenga imifanekiso. amanani ayo angase abe ezahlukene. Eqolo, Yiqiniso, izithombe ezindala kweziningi ezisekhona kuze kube manje. Abaningi babo agcinwa eminyuziyamu noma amasonto. imifanekiso enjalo ngokuvamile adayiswa ukulinganisela kuphela. Ngokwesibonelo, izithombe zabaphostoli uPetru, uPawulu, uJohane, uMarku, sangomhla XVI leminyaka. Basuke balinganiselwa ku eziyinkulungwane 150 euro.

Futhi, izindleko isithonjana kuzoncika nomklamo walo. Phela, ngisho izithombe alibhalwanga ngesikhathi sethu, kodwa ehlotshiswe izinto eziyigugu (igolide, isiliva, amatshe ayigugu), kuzobe kudayiswa ezishibhile. Amanani bangakwazi ukuqala nge ruble 2500. Izindleko kuzoncika izinto.

Uma udinga imifanekiso ezishibhile, ukuthi ulula design. Bona angathengwa izitolo oseduze nesonto. Izithombe ezifanyo angathengwa njengoba low $ 100 nangaphezulu.

imifanekiso ezingavamile efanayo angathengwa esitolo Antique noma ukuthengiswa iqoqo yangasese. Kunzima overestimate lezi imifanekiso netinchazelo tawo, njengoba yekholwa zingabantu umxhumanisi eliyigugu ngempela.