Isithombe se- "phansi" in the play "I-Lower Ngokujula" Gorky

Umdlalo "Lo Lower Ngokujula", ebhalwe Maxim Gorky (Alekseem Maksimovichem Peshkovym) ngo-1902, iyona wesibili ilandelana ngemva idrama ethi "AmaFilisti" (1901). Ezweni kuyaqapheleka njengoba indalo engcono amadlingozi umlobi. Ucezu okulotshwe kuphila impahla, "abantu zangaphambili", kahle kangcono umbhali. Ngo Nizhny Novgorod Gorky zokukhosela amehlo yabona prototypes cishe zonke izinhlangano play. Ngamunye wabo kubalulekile ukuveza umqondo jikelele, has "iqiniso" ayo ukuthi lihlukile abanye.

"Abantu Zangaphambili"

Iqiniso lokuthi iningi izinhlamvu usebenza - "abantu zangaphambili" - kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngamunye wabo wake waba ilungu lomphakathi, enza indima emphakathini. Manje, ngo-indlu zokulala, umehluko phakathi izinhlamvu kusulwe, bonke ngothi lwabo - nje abantu beswela ngesilinganiso esithile kwabanye. Ukuze uzwisise umfanekiso "ngezansi" in the play "I-Lower Ngokujula", kubalulekile ukuba acabangele ukuthi lesi sici sale abadlali bayo.

Izinkinga ze-play

Umbhali ibheka hhayi kangaka izindima social, kodwa kunalokho phezu jikelele, okubaluleke kunakho konke iningi izici komuntu. "Yini esiza futhi kuthiya ukuphila?", "Indlela yokuthola isithunzi?" - mibuzo ngifuna impendulo Maksim Gorky. Ngakho-ke, okuqukethwe play akugcini izindaba zomphakathi, kuhlanganise zefilosofi zokuziphatha. "Ngezansi" - kuyinto phansi ukuphila kule ebanzi umqondo, ngomqondo khona zabantu bebonke, singagcini nje ngokumlingisa ngesikushoyo umongo nomphakathi.

Isithombe se- "phansi" in the play "I-Lower Ngokujula"

umphakathi Russian ekuqa- eminyaka, wayibona ngokucacile le inhlekelele eseduze isuke ezimbi emphakathini. Encwadini yakhe ethi umlobi wachaza sezwe wesimanje amathoni ezibhubhisayo. Heroes, siphila 'imigodi' futhi zewayini, elinde noSuku Lokwahlulela. Lokhu ukuphila uhlobo lokuvivinywa: okwazi ukuvuselwa ekuphileni ezintsha, futhi ubani ekugcineni wafa.

Esingokomfanekiso, ezibhubhisayo izingcezu umsindo ikakhulukazi wawuzwa ngokujulile ezinye yaseshashalazini zanamuhla futhi umqondisi ifilimu. Ngakho, okuhleliwe eMoscow Theatre South-West (umqondisi Valeriy Romanovich Belyakovich) flop iphenduka ibe isikhala amnyama nge imigqa engenalutho double anesitezi embhedeni ukulahlekelwa izimpawu yasendlini. Zonke abadlali ukugqoka izingubo ezimhlophe futhi engu- pectoral, sengathi phambi uSuku Lokwahlulela. Stroke play yizikhathi izigcawu "ekuphileni": flophouse egcwele "ngemva kokufa" nokukhanya blue namafu intuthu, nabakhileyo kulo, ngokungazelelwe iwe buthule, sengathi lomuntu ohamba alele, baqale unikezele phezu bunks futhi lizibinye sengathi sisezinhlungwini zabo ezimbi amandla engaziwa. Isithombe se- "phansi" in the play "I-Lower Ngokujula" kule incazelo uyanda kakhulu, ukuba eqele ngalé umongo nomphakathi.

Kufanekisa Nokubhekana Namaqiniso emsebenzini

Umsindo umfanekiso imisebenzi ehlangene ukuzinikela esithombeni ezimisweni okwangempela zenhlalo nezengqondo. Ikakhulukazi akuveza wezwa isihloko "umgodi", egumbini njengesifanekiselo Ukuthotshiswa khona komuntu licindezelwe. Lapha kubonisa hhayi kuphela amaqiniso okuphila (abampofu eRussia ngaleso sikhathi wahlala ngempela ikakhulukazi egumbini), kodwa okuthile nokunye okuningi. Gorky wafuna mlisa wavula essence "ungowaphezulu", okuphindaphindiwe itayitela "ungowaphezulu" ku uqinile ngokomoya. Nokho, ukuze enze lokhu, kwadingeka ukuba enze isenzo buhlungu futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi nokuvuka ethanda umphefumulo wakhe. Ngakho-ke kungazenzakalelanga nemengamo itshe okusikhumbuza Doss endlini obhalwini ethuneni kaKristu. Isici izithombe ( "I-Lower Ngokujula") kusekelwe ukuqhathanisa nge uhlamvu waseBhayibhelini, ikhono ukuba njengaye.

Abantu "indoda"

Egumbini umuntu baxoshwa zokuphila kwansuku zonke, bokuhlukaniswa impahla kanye yokonga, isimo sabo emphakathini, ngokuvamile okuthiwa. Eziningi zalezi personae dramatis kukhona izidlaliso kuphela, usikhumbula kahle echaza izithombe heroes "ezansi". Umunyu) kudala igalari lezinhlamvu: umlingisi, uBaron, Ijika Craw, inhlama, Tartar. Kubonakala ukufana vó nalabo bantu. Umbhali, ngokubeka lesi silingo kubahlinzeki izinhlamvu umsebenzi wakhe, ufuna ukusho ukuthi, naphezu kokuwa we "abantu zangaphambili" ukujula wawusanamathele ngumphefumulo ophilayo futhi ungenza "uvuko."

uhlelo isithombe "ezansi ukuphila" kuhlanganisa olunye uhlobo. Abameleli beNdikimba "phezulu", nadpodvalnogo izwe "amakhosi" - Kostylev, umnikazi wendlu zokulala, a bloodsucker kanye prude, umkakhe, Vasilisa, ukuvusa wakhe lover Vaska Ashes necala lokubulala umyeni wakhe - olukhonjiswa njengedifolthi akanamandla imvuselelo, ekugcineni kokuthi abulawe. Likhanya omunye "engaqondakali" ibinzana ukuthi kusho Luka umdala: "Kukhona - abantu, futhi kukhona - ezahlukene - futhi amadoda ...". Ube esechaza Kostylev ukuthi "amadoda" - yalabo abanhliziyo umphefumulo lifana eshayisa evundile, bakwazi ukunikeza amahlumela.

I juxtaposition ka "kuyiqiniso-bamanga"

Alekseya Maksimovicha Gorkogo - nesazi indoda - njalo ihlushwe unsolvability okungafani "iqiniso -. Amanga" Ukuqhathanisa 'amaqiniso "ezimbili - lowo has ekhanda lomuntu futhi lowo kuvusa amandla okudala ukuthi kusenhliziyweni play" I-Lower Ngokujula ". Izithombe Baron, izibungu, Bubnov, Ashes kukhona abathwali iqiniso ababayo, kanye nokuthumela nombhali ke izimali Monologue abadumile Satina ( "Zonke - kumuntu, zonke - abantu").

Dostoevsky owake wathi uma kwadingeka akhethe phakathi kaJesu Kristu futhi iqiniso, wayengeke oyikhethile Kristu. Wakhethwa ukuba Nastya, uLuka actor, kanye nabanye. Izithombe of the amaqhawe "I-Lower Ngokujula" ngokuyinhloko elinesimo ukuzinikela kulokhu kubuka noma nezinye (Baron, Bubnov, nomnikelo omncane, Ash). U-Aleksey Maksimovich njengoba amakghonwabo, futhi ikakhulukazi umsebenzi uqobo, kusho ukuthi kokuzikhethela esivuna indoda.

Basabela kanjani abafundi futhi baxgeki

Naphezu yimpumelelo enkulu play "Ngo phansi", umlobi Loti nabaka Abram baxabana ngempela nge neqiniso lokuthi wayeseholela ekugcineni ngathola. Waqaphela yi-lasabela njani inengi of a baxgeki kanye nomphakathi, umshumayeli "amanga esiduduzayo" Luka kwafika sibalo ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi okuphawulekayo, lokwatholakala abaphikisi ayakufanelekela. Kusahlaziywa kamuva futhi izingxoxo Aleksey Maksimovich wabalahla "false" uLuka, kodwa unganakile, cishe uyamthanda. Ngakho-ke, leli xhegu zaphumela eziphikisa ngakho futhi adidayo. Phakathi ingozi "amanga esiduduzayo" Umunyu wakhuthaza abafundi cishe kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kokuphila.

isiphetho

Gorky wakwazi ukubonisa esinye sezici obuhlungu kunayo futhi iyingozi kwengqondo nokuphila komuntu - ukunganeliseki ngokoqobo ukugxekwa kwakhe, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo sincike usizo ngaphandle, ubuthakathaka ubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi "ngokuyisimangaliso" wokutakula nokukhululwa ezinkathazweni, ukungafuni ukubophezeleka ezimpilweni zabo futhi bebodwa ukukwenza. Lona kakhulu "phansi" wokuphila, okuyinto ingase imelele isiphi isigaba noma isikhundla emphakathini. Kubantu abanjalo, "amanga esiduduzayo," ULuka uyisazi futhi uyingozi, zibangele ukufa imbala (ukukhumbula kumdlali wasesiteji odlala wazilengisa ekupheleni play), njengoba iqiniso, bayokunikela ngokushesha noma kamuva kufanele abhekane, aluphelele enhle kangaka.

Umhlaba okubi, futhi kufanele ebhekene, futhi Ngeke uzibalekele amyisa ezweni amaphupho asemini. Abantu abakhetha eqanjiwe ababuthakathaka. Basuke umelana ezibophezelekile ngaphezulu ekuphileni ekwazi ukumelana iqiniso. U-Aleksey Maksimovich imele sezifundo kweqiniso, okwembula amehlo ale ndoda ukuthi isimo izinto eziyiqiniso, hhayi ingaphazamisi amehlo akhe zithembiso eliduduzayo esekelwe - amanga, indoda owonakalisayo.

Isithombe se- "phansi" in the play "I-Lower Ngokujula" - omunye izithombe enamandla kakhulu ngemisebenzi umbhali, lapho abafundi futhi baxgeki ubuye kaninginingi, sifinyelela imicabango, imibono kanye ugqozi.