Isimiso sezombangazwe e-USSR, esikhathini esiyiminyaka engu-30 kombuso wobushiqela

Bobushiqela isimiso sezombangazwe e-USSR kwamiswa emhlabeni figure esisodwa iminyaka engu-30 - Iosifa Stalina. Nguye, igxathu negxathu wabhubhisa mncintiswano futhi okunganambitheki, emisa kuleli zwe umbuso siqu amandla ngokungathandabuzi.

INGEMUVA yokucindezelwa

Eminyakeni yokuqala likahulumeni waseSoviet indzima lesembili iqembu wathatha Lenin. Wakwazi ukulawula amaqembu ahlukahlukene ngaphakathi ubuholi kwamaBolshevik ngezithukuthuku ukwethenjelwa kwalo. Athintekayo kanye nemibandela kulwiwa. Nokho, lapho kuqala emhlabeni, kwaba sobala ukuthi eSoviet Union kungenzeka azisekho esimweni impi ubukhomanisi, ephelezelwa ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu engapheli.

Ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, uLenin kwaba umqalisi we-New Economic Policy. Wasiza kabusha izwe emva kweminyaka yempi monakalo. Ngo-1924 u-Lenin wabhala wafa, iSoviet Union futhi kwaba ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo.

Umzabalazo ngaphakathi ubuholi beqembu

Ezingomashiqela isimiso sezombangazwe e-USSR, esikhathini esiyiminyaka engu-30, sekuyinto nje enjalo ngoba amaBolshevik akazange adale ithuluzi esizwakalayo ukudluliswa kwamandla. Ngemva kokufa kukaLenin , umzabalazo ubukhulu nabasekeli bakhe. Isibalo onekhono kakhulu iqembu i abanolwazi wamavukelambuso Leon Trotsky. Wayengomunye abagqugquzeli ngqo Okthoba Revolution futhi umlawuli wamabutho ezibalulekile ngesikhathi kulwiwa.

Nokho, Trotsky elahlekile hardware umzabalazo Iosifu Stalinu, okuyinto ekuqaleni akekho basithatha ngokungathí sina. UNobhala-Jikelele (ke okuthunyelwe ilinganiswe) e ithuba asebenzelana ngayo yonke izimbangi zayo. Trotsky kwaba athunjiwe, futhi ngisho kwelinye izwe, lapho akuphephile. Wayezobulawa kamuva kakhulu - eMexico ngo-1940.

ESoviet Union, uStalin laqala ukuhlela Embonisweni wokuqala izinqubo zezepolitiki, eyabonisa ukuthi kuyoba ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu eU.SSR ku 30s. Okuthe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi enecala esingu amaBolshevik ucingo kuqala. Kwakumelwe ababephila ngesikhathi kukaLenin, baba iminyaka eminingi ekudingisweni nenkosi wafika eRussia ngo isitimela abadumile uphawu. Badutshulwa: Kamenev, Zinoviev, Bukharin - bonke labo were ngaphakathi phikisa noma angasho kwasekuqaleni kuleli qembu.

umnotho kuhlelwe

Ekuqaleni kwawo-20-30-yalolucwaningo kwangena eminyakeni emihlanu. Amacebo sokuthuthukisa umnotho Soviet yayithonywe kakhulu ezilawulwayo isimo isikhungo. UStalin wafuna ukudala umkhakha omusha esindayo futhi yezempi kuleli lizwe. Ukwakhiwa izitshalo Hydropower nezinye yesimanjemanje.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uStalin ihlelwe izinqubo eziningana zezombusazwe ezihlobene izinambuzane okuthiwa, t. E. abantu, ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizeni echwebeni ngomkhumbi. Kwakuyisikhathi umkhankaso yokucindezelwa ngezigaba "nezazi lobuchwepheshe", ikakhulukazi onjiniyela. Wadlulela inqubo Industrial Party, icala ke Shakhty nokunye. D.

cannibalization

inqubo kwezimboni yayibuhlungu kakhulu. Hambo uphelezelwe nguNgqongqoshe ezimpini edolobhaneni. Isimiso sezombangazwe e-USSR eminyakeni engu-30 kwacekela phansi abalimi abancane elichumayo, ukusebenza kwamanye amasayithi abasebenza ngazo kulo ukudla.

Kunalokho, isimo wadala emizaneni ngokuhlanganyela. Amapulazi collective waqala wokuqoqa bonke abalimi. Angenelisekile becindezela futhi ayiswa emakamu okuhlushwa. Leli dolobhana baba ukulahlwa njalo ku "kulaks", ababecashe iztshalo kusukela iziphathimandla. ESiberia naseKazakhstan zixoshwa imindeni yonke.

I Gulag

Ngaphansi Stalin, wonke amakamu iziboshwa aye ahlanganiswa namanye phakathi Gulag. I usadlondlobele zalesi simiso senzeka ekupheleni 30s. Kwabe sekufika sihloko abadumile 58th zezombusazwe, lapho amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu ukuwela ekamu. repressions IMisa eU.SSR ku 30s yayidingeka, okokuqala, ukusabisa labantu, futhi okwesibili, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umshikashika eshibhile isimo.

Eqinisweni, iziboshwa baba yizigqila. izimo zabo okusebenza akunabuntu. Ngosizo iziboshwa ezalethwa eziningi emisebenzini yokwakha ezimbonini. Ububanzi Special emaphephandabeni Soviet wenza izibani ukudala Belomorkanal. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi enjalo kwezimboni okusheshayo bekulokhu kwavela samasosha zezimboni eziyinkimbinkimbi enamandla kanye phansi yasemaphandleni. Ukubhujiswa ezolimo ubephelezelwa indlala okukhulu.

Omkhulu ukwesaba

KukaStalin kombuso wobushiqela eU.SSR eminyakeni engu-30 babedinga ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu njalo. Ngalesi sikhathi ama-apharathasi party indawo ngokuphelele iziphathimandla zikahulumeni. Isimiso sezombangazwe e-USSR, esikhathini esiyiminyaka engu-30 ubumbe emhlabeni izinqumo CPSU (b).

Ngo-1934 eLeningrad, wabulawa omunye abaholi beqembu Sergei Kirov. Stalin wasebenzisa ukufa kwakhe kube ibhaxa ukuhlanza ingaphakathi CPSU (b). Saqala ukucekwa esiphezulu futhi ifayela amaKhomanisi. Isimiso sezombangazwe yase-USSR, esikhathini esiyiminyaka engu-30, ngo okufutshane, kuye kwaholela yokuthi izidumbu zezokuvikela zabantu esingu ngaphansi oda kusuka ngenhla, okuyinto ekhombise inani elidingekayo sokufa imisho umbuso.

izinqubo okufanayo okwenzeka ngo-ibutho. Kuyo badutshulwe abaholi, yaphela impi yombango futhi banolwazi professional eningi. Ngo 1937-1938. ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu wathatha enye, futhi uhlamvu kazwelonke. I Gulag wathumela nabasePoland, Latvians, amaGreki, Finns, Chinese nezinye anabambalwa ngokohlanga.

inqubomgomo angaphandle

Njengoba ngaphambili, inqubomgomo angaphandle kweSoviet Union iminyaka 30 izisethile iwumgomo oyinhloko - ukwenza revolution emhlabeni. Ngemva kulwiwa, leli cebo zabhuntsha uma lulahlekile empini Poland. Ingxenye wokuqala wokubusa kwakhe, Stalin wezangaPhandle yayisekelwe Comintern - Commonwealth amaqembu lamaKhomanisi emhlabeni wonke.

Nge le eza emandleni Hitler eJalimane, inqubomgomo yaseSoviet Union angaphandle eminyakeni engu-30 iye yaba ukugxila rapprochement ne kwamaNazi. It waqiniswa nokubambisana kwezomnotho kanye oxhumana zamanxusa. Ngo-1939 waba wasayina Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact atheleka. Ngokusho kwale dokhumenti, isimo bangezwani ukuhlasela nomunye futhi esehlukanise iMpumalanga Yurophu yaba izindawo ayezozibusa.

Ngokushesha impi Soviet-Finnish. Ngesikhathi iRed Army ngesikhathi ikhanda ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu labarholi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngosuku lokuqala semashi ezinhlanu Soviet Abathathu badutshulwe. besimo Obulalayo sale nqubomgomo wathi futhi ngemva kweminyaka emibili, lapho ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe.