Bolotnikov kuvukela: izimbangela kanye izilonda, kanye umlando ofingqiwe yayo

Abantu Russian kukhona luyabekezela futhi nesineke. Nokho, nanini, kodwa iyiphi ukubekezela luphela. Futhi isixuku esithukuthele kwabo, wahlela ubuntu namandla, like i-tsunami ukhukhulwe endleleni yayo yonke into. Labo emlandweni eRussia ayehlaselwa ongumlimi izimpi, okuyinto eholwa Emelyan Pugachev, uStepan Razin no-Ivan Bolotnikov.

Bolotnikov kuvukela kwenzeke ukuba 1906 - 1907 weminyaka, kuqala eningizimu uMbuso eMoscow. Isizathu sokuba ukusebenza kwakungamadodana amahemuhemu ukuthi esikhundleni 1 Dmitry Amanga wabulawa umuntu ehluke ngokuphelele. Lezi amahemuhemu kakhulu ezinyakaziswayo isikhundla Shumsky, simenze ukubukeka olwa nomthetho.

Kodwa eqinisweni, sekube zabhikisha Bolotnikov izizathu inhloso ngempela. Vele abantu baba babulawa ukuba baphile isikhathi eside njengoba baphoqekile ukuba sisho "ithiphu": sithuthukiswe angaphezu zonke izinyathelo ukucindezelwa amakhosi asendulo, serfdom, okwenza abalimi musa ngaphandle amalungelo, indlala nobumpofu wenza umsebenzi omuhle.

Yonke enye into langena ungeze Borisom Godunovym "iminyaka kulungisiwe" futhi, njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, nokuntengantenga sezombusazwe kuleliya lizwe. Kafushane, isimo uye wazakhela isimo wamavukelambuso, lapho abalimi abaningi abakwazanga esakubekezelela, futhi "phezulu" akakwazi ukuphatha ngezindlela ezintsha. Ngakho kuvukela Bolotnikov kwaba uhlobo impi antiboyarskuyu.

Ishayela ngokwabo Umkhuzi okuthiwa abangabulawayo isikhulu, Bolotnikov enyakatho Putivle kubuthana kuye a oluthukuthele, bahlushwa ububi abalimi, nga memezela them mayelana nokubonakala okuseduze Tsarevich Dmitry. Wamsiza ukuzwelana kwavukelwa lwamagama Prince Shahovsky futhi umbusi Chernigov Telyatevsky. Is they iye yasiza ukuba abuthele bayibutho elikhulu nomkhohlisi nakancane, ababemelene ubudlova nokungalungi kazwelonke. Bolotnikov kuvukela Kusolwa ubunjalo impi zabantu.

Shuya, ngizama ukuhlala esihlalweni sobukhosi, wathumela ukuzihlangabeza amabutho Bolotnikov Trubetzkoy futhi Vorotynsky uyaphi. Kodwa Troubetzkoy futhi Vorotynsky bashaywa ongumlimi zebandla, Kromy kuqala, futhi eyesibili ngaphansi Yelets. Ngo-September Bolotnikov kuvukela wafika Kaluga, lapho beat njengoba amabutho eyinhloko yempi Shumsky.

Kolomna, elalisendlini indlela amavukelambuso eMoscow wasungena ekuvinjezelweni. Posad abalimi ephethwe ukuhlasela, kodwa akazange aphumelele zizodla ezibiyele ngokushesha. Bolotnikov ke asihambe kukhona ingxenye encane nempi yakhe, ukwakheka eziyisisekelo waya eMoscow.

Ngo-October bolotnikovtsy ovinjezelwe eMoscow. Ngo-November, ngabo ibutho bajoyine Cossacks ngaphansi kobuholi Murom. Kodwa kungazelelwe adlulile emabuthweni isitha Lyapunov aphume Ryazan. Lokhu kwaba isiqalo isihlubuki ezicukuthwaneni umqulu kulolu hlangothi, kanye Cossacks - omunye. Futhi ngo-December bolotnikovtsy kakade baqala ukuhlupheka eyodwa ukunqotshwa ngezindawo.

I Yabantu Army kancane kuhanjiswe ku Kaluga - kwasala nezihlubuki yena Bolotnikov, futhi ngokwengxenye kuya Tula - ukuze Muromtsem uyaphi. Ngo Kaluga, sebephila bempi tsarist. ukuvinjelwa Heavy yaqala ezinsukwini ezingu. Nge ukulahlekelwa omkhulu lezi zihlubuki ephethwe ukuze ifohle iye Tula.

amanothi zomlando ukuchaza lokhu kubhikisha Bolotnikov kafushane. Nokho, kwezobuciko izincwadi, amafilimu kanye imidwebo, ezibhaliwe futhi agqoke la maqiniso, sikwazi ukubona ukuthi ingakanani horror, ubuhlungu, ukufa kwambangela le mpi.

Tula laliwumuzi zokugcina lapho impi yayingaphambi amavukelambuso ibutho wasebukhosini. ibutho Tsarist, ekuvimbeni emfuleni Upa edamini angabangela ngesikhukhula esikhulu e Tula. Ngenxa yalokho, bolotnikovtsy wanqoba.

Njengoba Shumsky kusolakala legend usethembise lezi zihlubuki bavumelana sokunikela, ukuthi "akazange ukuchitha igazi," ngokuthi inkosi isinyathelo ngobuqili kakhulu. Yena ngaphandle kwegazi empeleni ajezise nababengobhongoza balokho kuvukela wokuvukela: Ivan Bolotnikov yena badingiselwa Kargopol, lapho waba impumputhe, waminza. Ileyku Muromtsa alengiswe, futhi izimantshi Shakhovsky ngenkani tonsured njengoba indela.

Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi lokhu kubhikisha wahlulwa ngoba lezo zihlubuki zazishaye phansi asihlelekile nhlobo, njengoba ibutho wasebukhosini. lokususa Huge wayebuye Ukwakheka heterogeneous we ibutho labavukeli.