Imikhankaso Foreign yebutho Russian

Ngemva kokunqotshwa empini yezenzo sikaNapoleon empi okuhloswe ngaso ukuxoshwa French abasuka emazweni esemancane eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Khona-ke kwaqala imikhankaso angaphandle yebutho Russian. 1812 kwaba ukuqala inhlangano elwela lempi. Naphezu ukunqotshwa, amabutho Napoleon babesaphila uqine ngokwanele.

imikhankaso Foreign yebutho Russian ngo-1813 avunyelwe ukusula kusukela kweFrance nePoland kanye Vistula. Wayala amabutho isiRashiya, Field Marshal Kutuzov. Emkhankasweni kwezilwandle yebutho Russian Kutuzov Kalisz sasayinwa esivumelwaneni umfelandawonye Russian-Prussian ngokumelene Napoleon. Lesi sivumelwano, kwasho ukuqala umfelandawonye lesithupha ngokumelene French. Lokhu kusiza osekelwa izizwe zaseYurophu, esebenza emzabalazweni kwejoka Napoleon.

imikhankaso Foreign yebutho Russian ngokuhlanganyela amabutho Prussian waqala ngasekupheleni kuka-March. EJalimane, zenzeka kabanzi yabashokobezi ukunyakaza e ezingemuva French. amabutho Russian abantu bendawo njengoba Bakhululi. Phakathi no-April ngawo lowo nyaka (1813), uNapoleon ugxilisa abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-200 amasosha Russian-Prussian e inani lawo lalingaba zinkulungwane 92. Ngaleso sikhathi, amabutho Russian elaliholwa Wittgenstein (ngemva kokufa Kutuzov), emva ubuholi ibutho wadlulela Barclay de Tolly.

OMfelandawonye (Russia nase Prussia) wahlulwa lokuqala Apreli 20 Lutzen, Meyi 8-9, khona-ke kuyoba Bautzen. imikhankaso Foreign yebutho Russian yaphela uma ungena we ukuxolelana (23 Meyi). Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa kuze 29 Julayi.

Ngo izingxoxo Napoleon usebenze njengomahluleli umlamuleli Austria. Noma kunjalo, ayizange iphumelele. Ngenxa yalokho, uhulumeni wase-Austria ne France elinqunywe bonke ubuhlobo. Napoleon othathelwe Sweden, ehambisana ne-uhulumeni waseRussia e 1812 inkontileka. Nge Russia nase Prussia wenza umhlangano United Kingdom, ukuze abanikeze uxhaso. Teplice izivumelwano (1813, September 28) wakhishwa ngemvume phakathi oMfelandawonye nase-Austria, ngokushesha bajoyine nenyunyana-United Kingdom.

Ngakho, kwakukhona abantu abangaba ngu 492.000 emkhankasweni elilandelayo kwezilwandle yebutho Russian zamabutho azihlanganisa (Russian 173,000). Bonke sasimunye ngamabutho ezintathu. amasosha Abangaba yizinkulungwane 237 langena ibutho zamaBohemia. Yena wayala Austrian Field Marshal Schwarzenberg. abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-100 kwakheka Silesian Army Blücher (Field Marshal yasePrussia). abantu abangaphezu kwenkulungwane 150 wafika Northern Army, okuyinto yayalwa Bernadotte (Swedish Umqhele Prince). Ukuze Hamburg uqokelwe ngumtimba ehlukile, ehlanganisa izinkulungwane zabantu 30.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo ibutho sikaNapoleon lalinabashumayeli amasosha 440.000. The main ingxenye amabutho alo ezempi elise Saxony.

Agasti 1813 kwaphawula esiphikisayo okuhlaselayo zamabutho azihlanganisa. ibutho zamaBohemia 14 no-15 Agasti wahlulwa empini (Dresden impi) namabutho eyinhloko-French. amabutho sikaNapoleon obuzama siphishekele regiments wahlula, kepha rearguard Russian waphonsa isitha empini Kulm (17-18 Agasti). amasosha French iphansi kwesandla sika-Macdonald yahlulwa belwa impi yeSilesia naseNyakatho Army wanqoba amabutho Oudinot.

Ukuhlulwa ibutho sikaNapoleon ezenzeka ngemva kwathatha jikelele Allied okuhlaselayo. Le mpi (Leipzig) wayevela okwesine ongowesikhombisa Okthoba ngo-1813.

Izinsalela kwezinhloko zamaviyo French iwelela Rhine. Ngo Hamburg, sasizungezwe Davout.

Ngenxa yalokho wamabutho yimpumelelo isinyathelo sezempi angumfelandawonye umfelandawonye Napoleon waphoqeleka ukulahla Denmark futhi esayinwe UK neSweden, le zezivumelwano zokuthula e 1814. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Denmark aphoqelelwe ukuba ujoyine belwa French.

Ngokulandelayo, ibutho sikaNapoleon waxoshwa Netherlands. Omunye imiphumela ebaluleke kakhulu imikhankaso ngo-1813 kwaba yokukhululwa eJalimane kusukela abahlaseli French.