Isihloko nkondlo ukuhlaziya "Isikhumbuzo" Lomonosov

Kuqalwaphi Ngokuhlaziya kwethu inkondlo "Isikhumbuzo" Lomonosov? Eqinisweni, nahlulele by isihloko, ingxenye kwakhe kunendima eyinhloko kuwo. Kanjani ukuqala indlela abazi ukuphila kwalesi sidalwa esingumuntu ehloniphekile kakhulu?

Wasinda ebusuku 1730 aphume endlini ngasese kuzo zonke izihlobo phakathi kobusuku umfana oneminyaka engu-19 ubudala ... Kunokuphishekela kuye indlela eqhele ngezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha. Ubizwa egqoke ijazi shabby, aphonswe phezu phezulu ihembe lakhe. I knapsack komgwaqo, ngaphandle ucezu lwesinkwa kanye ihembe esikhululekile, mascot yayo kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku: wamupha ngumakhelwane Smotritsky lolimi kanye Magnitsky izibalo.

Ingubani, abasha Lomonosov umsebenzi "Isikhumbuzo" okuyinto, wabhalela iminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa kamuva, waphefumulela futhi usenza okungcono izimbongi we lawobaba? I owenza, owaqala ukunqoba kwakhe Sciences ne falsification kwemibhalo nihlola akhe identity. Indlela luthemba, ukuzinikela kangakanani! Abanikazi bemizi abashiseka ngokweqile, ukufunda imini nobusuku, ne ukusetshenziswa atehlukanisa okuqukethwe - ngodenariyu ngosuku. Insizwa ne memory lokukwazi futhi ophakeme kunabo the IQ, aphoqeleka ukuba aphile esandleni emlonyeni, ukudla kuphela isinkwa kvass yebo, kodwa namanje hhayi kulondolozwa ephepheni namakhandlela ...

Igama University - ukuziqhenya wobaba

Lomonosov ... "Ngiye yamisa lesikhumbuzo ngokusoka okungenziwanga ngezandla ..." - balandela ivumelane kuye ngemva kweminyaka engu-90 uthi Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin. Recognition of the wobaba Mikhail Vasilyevich, umuntu eyisimanga - kakhulu. Eyokuqala usosayensi Russian - usosayensi eziphambili emhlabeni; nesemthethweni wesichazamazwi; umsunguli esikoleni yesayensi Russian, oyisazi sezinkanyezi; Umuntu wabeka izisekelo sokuma yesimanje Russian, isazi sokuma kwezwe, isazi-mlando, imbongi ...

ithalente okudala

Iqhaza layo kufanele ekwakhekeni Lomonosov wabhala Russian izinkondlo kazwelonke. "Isikhumbuzo" .... Uhlaziyo le nkondlo lembula kuphela ingxenye ithalente lakhe elikhulu. Nokho, akazange nje isipho ngokuphelele etemibhalo. Lomonosov ngokwesayensi njalo ukuthuthukiswa izincomo ngokwakhiwa ngempumelelo amaqoqo ezinhlamvu asankondlo Russian emabhukwinitifundvo yakhe mpendulo wakhonza njengephayona umnyango ezweni izinkondlo for izimbongi eziningi ..

"Isikhumbuzo" Lomonosov - ivesi ekhethekile. Yena - a onesizotha futhi sublime, njengoba injena, njengoba Empeleni, igama lokubonga zezinkondlo okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngemva kokuphothula umsebenzi wakhe - ukufinyeza esidlangalaleni minyaka yokusebenza senkondlo.

Isihloko senkondlo "Isikhumbuzo" Lomonosov - isitatimende indima isimo izinkondlo isiRashiya, futhi - ukuzimisela kokufaneleka ku versification. Mikhail baba wokuba umbhidisi nezincwadi zakudala Russian, izitatimende kulo izwe, izimiso, amagugu, ubuntu. Ubuzwe - lokho credo zezincwadi eziye uthi Lomonosov ( "Isikhumbuzo"). Inkondlo, ogama ukuhlaziywa lembula engasenathonya, amandla abavuthiwe ithalente esankondlo umlobi wayo, ngumkhuba ababetelekile ngo izinkondlo Russian.

Ukulandela sezilimi University intuthuko uhulumeni jikelele

Lomonosov "mpendulo" bavumelane nemithetho 'Ikhono Izinkondlo "Horatian, imakwe izinguquko versification Russian. Ngo "lesikhumbuzo" imbongi Amacebo akhe ezicashile ngaphandle kokuphula isitayela Horatian, yemukele zomphakathi eRussia ngaphansi koMbusi uPetru I.

umkhiqizo umqondo uqobo lihle. Russia, i-mission kwalo ngokomlando, ehambisana ne-Okwesithathu eRoma. Ngakho, uvumelane nale, isampula Russian etemibhalo impucuko inqubo ukubheka ke emlandweni eRoma lasendulo! Kuyinto lokhu logic kufanele Lomonosov ( "Isikhumbuzo").

Inkondlo, ogama ukuhlaziywa lembula ukuthi isambulo imbongi, okubonisa indima ezweni lakhe ufanelwe ukuba luthathe izinkondlo okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Njengoba injalo "Isikhumbuzo" Lomonosov - ivesi engamukelwa, umthombo kokuba - i Ode to usadlondlobele imbongi naiizvestneyshego zezincwadi ongumRoma Horace. Ngenxa yalokhu, umlobi ekwazile organically ukuxhumanisa amagugu angunaphakade indlela Russian yentuthuko. Nokho, umqondo oyinhloko translation - ukuze adalule indlela efanayo ekuthuthukiseni imibhalo eRussia futhi eRoma.

Umehluko oyinhloko phakathi "Isikhumbuzo" Lomonosov kanye ODE Horatian "Ukuze Melpomene"

Mikhail, bayigcina ngokucophelela kakhulu kulokho eqale iyikho umthombo ukubaluleka zhiznestroitelnoy futhi Manifesto tebuciko, ngesikhathi esifanayo kude anakreontiki bakhe, okungukuthi lyrical okudumisa injabulo ekuphileni. Two-uhlamvu iambic, cishe imvumelwano imigqa, usebenzisa amagama ngamabomu - anachronisms Lomonosov ephumelelisa ukuzwakala, solemnity, nokuchaza kubalwa yokucabanga. Oda kuyahluka strofikoy imitha ezinzile futhi livikela ukuthi ichaze nazyvaey ngakho "uhlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli odic". Kwezwakala onesizotha ngempela.

izimo zomlando sokudalwa we ODE

Ngasohlangothini lwethu, kuyoba abanganaki hhayi ukuba sikhumbule ukuthi izimo zazinjani emlandweni lalotshwa lapho omubi ekuphenduleni inkondlo. EMpumalanga Yurophu kuya 40-s kwekhulu XVIII ngenxa yezinguquko ezinkulu Petra Velikogo obuqinile, eyodwa Russian Empire, ngokuzimisela emikhankasweni yezombusazwe pan-European. Kuphethe kwekuhlela kabusha isimo enikeziwe izithathe ukuze ixazulule leyo backwardness lobuchwepheshe kanye nezomnotho okuholela amazwe aseYurophu: eNetherlands, eSweden, eJalimane, eFrance. izikhulu isiRashiya, lesigaba esibusayo kwamiswa futhi ohlanganiswe isiko European. Vosled for ukwakhiwa kwesizwe, izinguquko letindzala, kwenziwa futhi kwezobuciko futhi, ezincwadini ethile.

Peter mina empeleni ephethwe ukuqhatha viva ukudalwa ezweni elikhulu ukuthi tezisno ngawe ODE yakhe "Isikhumbuzo" Lomonosov. Lokhu inkondlo lidlulisela isici ehloniphekile kakhulu koMbusi ashisekela izinguquko kithi ngokuthi "ukubusa ngo abantu." Mhlawumbe yingakho wehlela emlandweni njengoba uPeter Omkhulu? Ingasaphathwa iqiniso ngowokuqala Russian uMbusi Mikhail ucacisa ngomfanekiso wakhe, uma ziqhathaniswa umbusi waseRoma Davnusom.

Abashisekeli bezinguquko Lomonosov izinkondlo, Horace. "Isikhumbuzo" - umqhele umsebenzi wabo

Bobabili imbongi: nombhali "lesikhumbuzo" yasekuqaleni futhi umbhali lokudluliswa kwakhe, futhi UHorace, futhi Lomonosov - bezinguquko kukhona ngamunye kwesistimu yayo kazwelonke we versification. Horace igunya kungokwalabo zisebenzisa Alcaic izinkondlo Latin. Lomonosov - ukwethulwa Russian syllabic-tonic versification isimiso, ukuthuthukiswa amamodeli we izakhiwo Rhythmic ezahlukene zezinkondlo Russian. Pushkin akazalwanga okwamanje, futhi tetrameter iambic, njengoba ngempela nezimiso versification, kakade lakhiwe. Ucabanga ukuthi yini? Umbuzo Yiqiniso, bokukhuluma ...

Njengoba wamapulani yolimi lwakubo, njengesazi sezilimi usosayensi, Mikhail ehlelekile siguqulwe, futhi eqinisweni - uye wadala mpendulo of isiRashiya.

I izinkondlo umqondo kaHorace «Exegi monumentum ...»

sifanangwaca Okumangalisayo kugucuka etemibhalo eRussia, Mikhail Vasilyevich uzibophezele, nenhlangano izinkondlo Latin Horace e inkathi yokuchuma izincwadi wamaRoma. Luhlatiyo inkondlo University "Isikhumbuzo" kusukela liye laziwa kusukela Renaissance, 30 ODE Horatian ( «Exegi monumentum ...») iyakufakazela lokhu.

kumdlali wehlela emlandweni njengoba imbongi-isakhamuzi, philosophically ichaze indawo yayo emlandweni nasesimweni sokungasokwa. (Wethula lokhu Ode to nesahlulo sesithathu "izinkondlo of isayensi" yakhe umsebenzi oyinhloko.) Amaphuzu wakhe oyinhloko: imbongi udonsa izisusa lokusungula in uhulumeni, futhi isimo, esikhundleni salokho, uthola kusuka kuye emuva isithombe esikhethekile olusankondlo, silokhu sithi udumo lwakhe, ubukhazikhazi.

Iyini inzuzo Horace emhlabeni zezinkondlo? UHorace, indoda "owazenza" umdali isayensi ubuciko izinkondlo, wayazi ukuthi emhlabeni, "kukhona izindawo, hhayi eliqoshwe itshe." Uma amakhosi kanye oFaro abhebhezela ngokwabo izakhiwo cyclopean, imbongi - master umculo kudala kumemori yayo ethi "izimpawu ukungafi" okungokomoya - imisebenzi yabo. Le misebenzi aziphelelwa isikhathi, ukuthinta imiphefumulo yabantu izizukulwane ezahlukene, levelako imicabango kanye nabangane. Ngakho, igama imbongi akungeni la mavangeli. Lo mbono kwaba Roman enkulu empeleni limenyezelwe ODE yakhe "Ukuze Melpomene".

Okunjalo Horatian, kodwa kushintshwe for imininingwane isiRashiya, ngomhla izinkondlo ayifake umsebenzi wakhe "Isikhumbuzo" Lomonosov. Inkondlo ingase imnikeze epigraph «Sapere tony dize» ( «isinqumo ukuthenga ukuhlakanipha"). Vision Vasilyevich Mikhailov izindlela zokuthuthukiswa kwezincwadi Russian cishe kwaqondana Horatian. Lokhu kwenzeka naphezu kokuba iqiniso lokuthi Lomonosov futhi Horace wabelane iminyaka engamakhulu ayishumi nanhlanu!)

Umlando ngala mavesi kaHorace ifinyelelwe ...

Nokho, eminyakeni engu-250 ngaphambi kokuzalwa Lomonosov imbongi Italy uFrancesco Petrarca, sibalo eyaziwa yamaKatolika Italian Renaissance inkathi, idale kakade, uhlangabezana ithonya UHorace, izinkondlo zakhe (sonnets, Sestina, madrigals, canzone). Ethandwa kakhulu yefa zokudala izimbongi Roman European, kanye Mikhail Vasilyevich kwaba incwadi Horatian yesithathu "Isayensi ye Izinkondlo", okuyinto nje liqukethe ODE "Ukuze Melpomene".

Lomonosov - umsunguli etemibhalo isiko goratsionskoy

Uhlaziyo inkondlo "Isikhumbuzo" University ngevolumu emashumini izikhathi mkhulu kunezinhliziyo usayizi enkondlweni. Kuyinto esifushane, kodwa capacious kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, inkondlo Mikhail eduze emoyeni kuze ODE adumile "Ukuze Melpomene" Horace.

Dala i-nguqulo yokuqala imisebenzi Roman, ukuzihlanganisa ngokwawo nabanye, kuyilapho elisho umnikelo wakhe siqu izincwadi ... Lolusiko olusankondlo Horatian yawudala Lomonosov. kwesokudla Zokuziphatha ukuba baqhubeke bephila isikhathi ezimbalwa kwadingeka imbongi Russian Derzhavin, Pushkin, Bruce, Mayakovsky, Gamzatov Vysotsky.

Kakade XVIII - ngekhulu XIX, wadala yakhe yonke lesikhumbuzo Derzhavin, Pushkin, Lomonosov. Hlobo luni mkhuba kungabonwa ekuguqulweni University of lesikhumbuzo ukuze Pushkin lesikhumbuzo? umsebenzi Lomonosov sika ngokomthetho - Roman futhi Pushkin eselandisa kuphela "mayelana Russia okukhulu." Mhlawumbe u-Alexander kuphela Sergeevichem umkhiqizo wangaphakathi logic ligcinwe, bese ubizwa Alexandria insika njengoba ukuqhathanisa.

I solemnity we ODE

Uhlaziyo inkondlo "Isikhumbuzo" Lomonosov ngokusemthethweni uyisa ukuba ukudalulwa Horace abazifezile izinkondlo, obonwa zomphakathi wamaRoma futhi isimo. Kubo kwabe sekulandela ngemuva LamaRoma omkhulu, uhlu Mikhail. Nokho, siphawula ukuthi Lomonosov akuyona umabhalane - an extra. Vele okwakhe lomonosovkogo okubaliwe uquketheni lowo omkhulu uMbuso WaseRoma phambi Okuphakade akuyona ukuze aphuphuthekise kuphindza acoce yabo. Okwakhe umbono ka Mikhail ekusebenziseni ngokuqhathanisa ngokwakhe UHorace, neRussia neRoma, ukutshela umphakathi jikelele eziphathelene nalokho okwakufezwa iqembu umsebenzi wakhe. Yena ngokwakhe ubuhle efana lieraturoy yakhe Horatian! Ngakho, cishe wonke amavesi ebhala izingoma zakhe siqu ezihambisana kakade nge Russia nase umuntu.

Uhlaziyo inkondlo "Isikhumbuzo" Lomonosov abhalwe Ode to uhlobo, uphawula solemnity nebudnichnost kombhalo - izici sici ODE. La mavesi ukuphakamisa Ukufundwa yabo yasobala.

Lomonosov iphrojekthi kwezincwadi Russian ngokuthi "uphawu ukungafi"

Esikhathini ODE isingeniso Mikhail ubhala lokhu ngokudalwa kuka-the enkondlo "uphawu ukungafi." Kusho ukuthini lokhu maqondana izimo zawo tetemibhalo, umnikelo onjalo zobuciko Horace?

Eqinisweni, mayelana uyabulawa umsebenzi wokudala ulimi ngaphambilini Russian nge isitayela uhlelo layo eliyingqayizivele, izimiso ka versification obunobunye izinhlobo uhlelo anokuhambisana, ngokuletha konke ukuze uphawu - uphawu uthi Lomonosov ( "Isikhumbuzo"). Ukuhlaziya ukubaluleka okuhlala kuyo le umnikelo reeks slovestnosti lembula ubunjalo classicism Russian. Ngokungafani classicism European, Russian ekhulwini XVIII ayizange wencike ukuthuthukiswa isiko etemibhalo yasekhaya. Kodwa Lomonosov yasungulwa ngu ukuhleleka kuka yayo. Okusho ukuthi, sibonga Mikhail Vasilievich, in the XVIII leminyaka Russian izincwadi theory ngaphambi umkhuba wakhe.

Imbongi awufi lakubo

Nasi "uphawu waphakade" enjalo ngempela - uhlelo esiphelele versification nginikelé wonke izimbongi - ezikanye naye ezingu Lomonosov. Phela, ngolimi omkhulu Russian iphelelwe isikhathi. It is egcizelela imbongi - usosayensi libhekisela uphawu eyaziwa yaphakade - amaphiramidi. Umsebenzi wobuciko Lomonosov "Isikhumbuzo" uveza ukuthi isiphetho imbongi - isakhamuzi bakhawulelwa izibopho ezingenakubalwa nezwe layo, nayo kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa ke. Yena, efana Antaeus ziyaphawuleka, ukuba athole amandla izwe lazo lendabuko. lokusungula High ayikwazi sebethembele kuhulumeni futhi kumelwe akhonze ke, uthi Mikhail.

Kuyini ubuntu efanayo University futhi Horace?

Njengoba ulandela kusukela University of izinkumbulo abasebenza inkondlo "Isikhumbuzo", yena, imbongi, sijule okuqukethwe kwe-ODE Horatian, useke wabhekana uhlobo oluthile imimoya lezihlotsheni nge Horace. Thanda imbongi engumRoma, Mikhail waqala umsebenzi wakhe kusukela kwezakhi aphansi emphakathini. Ngo umsebenzi kokubili imbongi wazizwa yisakhamuzi erenki eliphakeme. Zombili zingezakhe ngokwemvelo yabo abangu yomsebenzi nokuhlangenwe nakho abakuthola versification - wusizo nezinye izimbongi.

Ukuthola Ukuqonda ulayini "Isikhumbuzo" Lomonosov sika, okuyinto ngokomthetho kuziwa ebusweni imbongi engumRoma u-sika, ngempela uba nomuzwa wokuthi le Deja Vu ne Russia kwekhulu XVIII, izinkondlo zalo.

umsebenzi University baqhubeka izimbongi

Yena, njengo UHorace, ngaphandle isizotha zamanga futhi ngomqondo ovulekile sokuboshwa neqhaza izincwadi balandela, okungukuthi, ikusasa inqubo tetemibhalo. Uyaqaphela - akhe sebenza be funa njalo, impumelelo yakhe Uchaze iziqondiso eyinhloko ukuthuthukiswa zezinkondlo, okuyinto nakanjani siqhubeke abalandeli. Ngakho-ke, Lomonosov, yalandela ngemuva LamaRoma omkhulu, kwesibili "musa ngife ..." Usakhuluma, okulandelayo UHorace, sibopha inkazimulo yayo kube inkazimulo isimo. Enkondlweni Lomonosov lisebenzisa igama elithi "Rome", nakuba ngaphansi umfundi ekhaliphile ukuthi ubona "Russia".

isiphetho

Ukuhlaziywa vesi inkulumo ethi "i-Monyumenti" University isifikisa isikhathi lapho Russian izinkondlo classical esikhathini okwakhayo. It ingakamiswa ehlotshiswe a galaxy yezimbongi okhazimulayo ngekhulu XIX: NA Nekrasov, Lermontov, Tyutchev, Pushkin. Asizange kuzwakele phakathi kwawo amazwi kwabo okusuka enhliziyweni., ebiza abantu ubuhle, ubulungisa esintwini ...

Kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi igolide Umthala Russian yezimbongi ke etholakele University isipho esiyigugu esiyotholwa - umbono lovumelanako mpendulo futhi wasungula imithetho imbongi-isazi versification. Pushkin sika tetrameter iambic yasungulwa endaweni yokucwaninga okudala Mikhail Vasilyevich.

University elingenakuphikwa banikela ngendlela ebalulekile izinkondlo Russian is nje kusibonise inkondlo yakhe "Isikhumbuzo".