Alexander Ikholomu. Izikhangibavakashi Petersburg

Ubani njalo ukuba Petersburg, wezwa omunye izinhlamvu zakhe ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi Pushkin. "Ngiye yamisa lesikhumbuzo ngokusoka okungenziwanga ngezandla ...". Ukuze imbongi, kule ndawo edumile bomuzi iNeva kwaba isilinganiso kweqiniso yokuphakama zonke umqondo wegama. Ngingathanda ukwazi ngempela: kuyini, u-Alexander Ikholomu?

Mayelana izingongolo nezinsika

By endleleni, abantu abangenalwazi ngesinye isikhathi besho noma kungekho insika insika. Uyini umehluko? Ngekucabanga - akukho: Insika - leli gama lasendulo Kuyaziwa kithi izwi. Kodwa eqinisweni, umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinto zombili nawo njengomnyango mkhulu kakhulu: okuthunyelwe - kungcono nje into eside futhi zomile, futhi le nsika - lokhu ikholomu lathumela, futhi iwuphawu ngokubabazekayo, elikhanyayo. Ungakwazi ukutshela abantu ngaLowo 'wezinsika' oluvelele kungaba mayelana izikhumbuzo.

ukuzwa komkhuba ethemini Alexander Ikholomu, empeleni, ayilungile: Eqinisweni, igama ezikhangayo - Alexander Ikholomu. Kodwa yashiywa dengwane Pushkin amazwi sembelwa umphefumulo, futhi igama lolungakahleleki wanamathela kuyinto. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi indlela lesikhumbuzo liyalingana definition zezinsika lathumela, ukuze ukwakhiwa mkhulu ngokubabazekayo ngempela.

egwadle isimangaliso

Alexander Ikholomu Petersburg lakhiwa ngo-1834, indawo yayo - Palace Square. Oda edumile wezakhiwo A. Montferrand wazenzela uMbusi uNicholas I. lesikhumbuzo, wabulawelwa isitayela Empire, yena sanikezelwa yakhe endala umzalwane autocrat u-Alexander I - Russian ngqondongqondo ukumehlula Napoleon Army.

Umsebenzi wokwakha lesikhumbuzo Kwakungelula, okukhulunyiwe ongakhetha ahlukahlukene. lo msebenzi washayelwa: ukuthola ukwakhiwa elibukeka okusikhumbuza ikholomu kaTrajan eRoma, kodwa ngesikhathi ibambene kokweqa Vendome Paris. nokuzabalaza okunjalo emincane Montferrand kwakungavunyelwe alibonise ngokugcwele ubuntu, futhi ekwakhiweni lesikhumbuzo kuthiwa lula ukuqagela, ngisho noma ukushintshwa, kodwa imibono yabanye abantu. Noma kunjalo, lesikhumbuzo uhlukile; yena waba eliphakeme phakathi kwezinye izakhiwo lokunqoba emhlabeni. ngaleyo ndlela uMklami, Zishiya izakhi ezengeziwe kuhlobisa ikholomu Monolithic ka 25,6 m ukuphakama, kugcizelelwe ubuhle bemvelo pink egwadle ophucuziwe.

Inani ukuphakama lesi sakhiwo kanye eyakhelwe phezu ingelosi esifanekisweni ezingaphezu kuka-47 metres. Ngokulinganayo Ubukhulu umxhwele ungavumeli ukuba sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe lokho Alexander Ikholomu. Ama ifotho, ngokuphambene nalokho, uvumele ukuhlola zonke izici lesikhumbuzo, futhi ikakhulu, Ukwakheka enhle kakhulu engxenyeni engenhla.

Izingelosi izinkozi

Itshe lesikhumbuzo akuyona kuphela into wokwenama nomdlandla, kodwa futhi izakhiwo ubunjiniyela eziyinkimbinkimbi. Futhi kakhulu insika ukuthweswa umqhele lesikhumbuzo ingelosi umsebenzi B. Orlovsky labetibambile ngaphandle usekelo olungeziwe ngenxa isisindo ayo. isixazululo enjalo yezakhiwo isikhathi eside kwaholela nokwesatshwa izakhamuzi, kucatshangwa ukuthi lesikhumbuzo ngokuzumayo ugoqe. Ekuxosheni lezi ukwesaba, umakhi bahamba ekuseni esinqeni ikholomu.

Ubuhle zethusi sibalo ingelosi ufanelwe ukuqashelwa okukhethekile. Omunye isandla saphakanyiselwa esibhakabhakeni, omunye asiphathele esiphambanweni yayilahla inyoka. Esifanekisweni kufanele zifanekisela wonke, okuyinto esilethe Europe Russian Army, ukukhulula ke kusukela Napoleon. Ingelosi ukubukeka Kuthi okusikhumbuza izici ebusweni uMbusi u-Alexander I.

Ukusetha ucingo futhi hit intuthuko lesikhumbuzo kanye nokuqaliswa eyinkimbinkimbi. Isikhumbuzo Alexander Ikholomu lizungezwe ezinhlanu-foot kocingo zethusi, umlobi yephrojekthi okwakuyindawo Montferrand. Ukuhlobisa ezicijile bebekhona inani elikhulu ezinkozi kabili ephethwe triceps, bawuthumba isibhamu. Ngeshwa, kule minyaka yamuva, lezi zinyoni ezinhle kakhulu ngamanani amakhulu 'wabulawa "ebulawa bakhona, izakhamuzi, futhi esikhundleni amakhophi.

Kusukela umlando lesikhumbuzo

Alexander Ikholomu wavulwa Agasti, 1834 (emva kweminyaka emihlanu) 30. Umi inhliziyo Palace Square, lesikhumbuzo kwaba touch final e nomklamo walo. Emcimbini wokuvula ubuhanjelwe wonke umkhaya wasebukhosini, eliholwa kuKesari, kanye nabamele eziningi ezigungu zamanxusa. Phansi lesikhumbuzo senzeka izimfundiso onesizotha, ukuguqa omkhulu ibutho Russian yayakhiwe sikwele.

Umlando ka-Aleksandru Ikholomu engenakulibaleka. Itshe lesikhumbuzo ngasinda futhi inguqula-mbuso, futhi impi, futhi lina sezulu Petersburg. Yiqiniso, ngezikhathi ezithile wawubuyisela, kodwa umsebenzi omningi kukhona yezimonyo kuphela.

Isikhumbuzo futhi eU.SSR

Izinhlaka sekukaningi hit nabo kule minyaka yokuqala amandla Soviet. Isikhala eduze kwetshe lesikhumbuzo washintsha, kocingo ku 30s kwekhulu elidlule elicibilikile amacala igobolondo. Kunzima buyisana izimiso wokungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu ingelosi phambi ngamaholide wamboza cap elibomvu ngendwangu noma amabhola isifihlwa bavela indiza.

Bathi ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi sina waxoxa ushintsho lezinombolo zenkolo enkolweni (ekuqaleni kwaba umbuzo Lenin ke Stalin). Kodwa, ngenhlanhla, lezi imibono atikasetjentiswa, + futhi ingelosi ithatha endaweni yalo efanele. Abanaso lifezekile, izinhlelo esikhundleni the Imifanekiso zethusi we isinyathelo esisha, ngokusekelwe kuyoba ngokohlelo lweSitatimende izindikimba wamavukelambuso. Kamuva, u-Alexander Ikholomu kwaba kocingo, ukusungulwa ngokucophelela ngokuvumelana ezithombeni ezindala nokubulunga izinto ezingokomlando. isethulo sakhe esingathí sina senzeka ngo-2004.

engadini ehlobo

Alexander Ikholomu, nakuba kuyinto uhlobo litshwayo edolobheni, kodwa ngaphandle ukuthi kukhona into ukubona. Izikhangibavakashi Petersburg bayakwazi ukujabulisa ngisho umhambi wamazwe onokuhlangenwe nakho kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, Summer Palace kaPetru I. ingenye izakhiwo endala womuzi, yakhiwa kuleli isitayela baraque, futhi neze efana abode wasebukhosini. UPetru, kulungisile dolobha lethu enyakatho, kwakusenhliziyweni yami ukwakhela kuyo ehlobo, okusikhumbuza Versailles. abaklami bodumo kanye balimi baye basebenza awulona ize - indawo lapho eziyinkimbinkimbi sigodlo (Summer Garden) is abatelekile ubuhle bayo nangobuciko. Park futhi iholidi ziyindawo ethandwa abantu bomuzi, futhi injongo yokugogobala izivakashi eziningi kuze kube yilolu suku.

Lethusi wehhashi

Kuleli emehlweni Abangasendleleni yilabo abathi akuvakashelwe umuzi iNeva, godu bayazi kokuhlangabezanwe imisebenzi Pushkin. "On ogwini amagagasi eliyincithakalo Wema egcwele ukululekana okukhulu" ... Ngobani la mazwi? Oh indoda, mayelana lesikhumbuzo?

Ngesandla ukukhanya imbongi esikhulu esagcina sele sibizwa Bronze wehhashi ingenye etholakalayo ambalwa lesikhumbuzo kuPetru I. I lesikhumbuzo ngempela efana zethusi, kodwa wazenza ngethusi. umbhali wayo French umqophi Falcone, owabonisa emsebenzini wakhe isithombe esisha futhi ngandlela-thile ezingalindelekile umsunguli zaleli dolobha. UCatherine II, wayala ebaziwe ka UPetru wayefuna ukubona sengathi umbusi waseRoma ngokubukeka kwakhe ngokwesiko kanye nazo zonke imfanelo yamandla. Falcone wenza okuhlukile. Peter lakhe - umgibeli uhamba nge ekukhuliseni izingane. Ngokwe abalobi, ihhashi, embozwe bearskin, futhi yalinyazwa izinselo inyoka - kungcono abangenalwazi zasendle, kodwa unqotshwe umbusi. Isibalo Peter efanayo - ubeqhakambisa amandla, isifiso sokuthwala abantu intuthuko nokuqina izimiso zayo.

Lethusi wehhashi - akusiyo nje omunye eziningi ezikhangayo enkulu yedolobha. Lesi sibalo e uphawu ayo; It sakhiwa zamaqhawe eziningi zendawo nama-legends.

Hermitage

Uma uzama ufake okungenani izinto edume kunazo Petersburg, amagama ingase yibe yinto exakayo - too eziningi zazo. Nokho kukhona endaweni esidingeka ukuvakashela yimuphi izivakashi (neze umbuzo abantu bomuzi ke - beze lapha kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka). Lokhu Hermitage - edume art Museum! Isakhiwo ithatha 6 izakhiwo, ngalinye elikwazi - somlando kanye main wabo Winter Palace. The mnyuziyamu 3 million izinto, kuhlanganise imisebenzi engafiyo Titian, uLeonardo da Vinci, Rembrandt, Raphael. Bhala ulandelanise konke yobuciko ukuthi zigcinwa lapha, akunakwenzeka. Kodwa kuwufanele ngizame okungenani abanye kubo ukuze sibheke.

Cruiser "Aurora"

Lokhu umkhumbi, sigxile yokupaka okuphakade chibi womuzi, ezikhathini Soviet wayazi yonke ingane. "Aurora" - impi impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu, umhlanganyeli izimpi eziningi zobuqhawe, waba Nokho, eyaziwa nangenxa yezinye izizathu. Ukunika 25 Okthoba 1917 shot nalutho ngesikhathi Winter Palace, "Aurora" kunqunywe isiphetho inguquko kanye Russian Empire.

In the 70s kwekhulu elidlule ku emakhishini Soviet wayethanda ukuxoxa i anecdote. UBrezhnev evuka ebusuku endaweni izithukuthuku abandayo, umkakhe wazibuza ukuthi kwenzekani. UNobhala-Jikelele ukhuluma okwakwenzeka yakhe. Thanda, uLenin aphinde abhukude abuyele egudle uMfula eMoscow ngomkhumbi, induku ende pokes ezansi futhi uthi: "Lapha," Aurora "izobanjelwa. Futhi lapha, futhi! "

Umuntu namuhla akaqondi okushiwo ihlaya. Kodwa abantu abahlala kuleyo minyaka, "Aurora" elalihambisana nezinguquko, okuyinto ngizifuna kangaka emphakathini, ngakho-ke wesabe neziphathimandla. Izinguquko kuleli zwe kwenzeka ngempela - iqiniso, ngemva kwesikhashana, futhi ngaphandle volleys asolwandle. Ezomphakathi kuze kube namuhla, izingxabano yokuhlukanisa, nokuthi-ke kwakudingekile ukuba awenze? Ngokuvamile, i-"Aurora" uma kwenzeka nje, unake akusho ubuhlungu!