Labelling nokupakishwa kwezimpahla. izidingo zomkhiqizo kophawu. Ukumaka izimpahla Russian

Noma yiziphi izimpahla angathengwa esitolo noma esitolo, iya elide kamakhi a nabathengisi ezimbalwa counter esiseduzane endaweni yokudayisa kumthengi. Futhi uma umenzi uyazi ukuthi ukhiqiza, nokuthi ungaxhumana kanjani nezimpahla zabo, abahlinzeki, futhi nakakhulu - abasebenzi babo waqasha bangase bangaqapheli ukuthi lokhu. Ngakho ngokuvamile emashalofini Ufika spoilt noma ilimele izimpahla, futhi ngezinye izikhathi owenza mbumbulu. Ukuze akhulule oyinhloko umthengi imikhiqizo izinga kuphela, ngesimo lapho wayezelwe ngumkhiqizi, kukhona kophawu esiyisibopho izimpahla.

Umqondo kophawu

Ngokumaka sesibonakaliso siwukuthi ukuzwisiswa, okungase aqukethe amazwi, izinhlamvu, izimpawu, kanye izakhi holographic noma ngaphandle ukuvikelwa. wokugubha umsebenzi - ukunikeza umuntu ubambe umkhiqizo ezandleni zabo, imininingwane ngaphandle yokwephula ubuqotho iphasela.

Izinhlobo kophawu

Kuye injongo ethile wokugubha avelele:

1. mshini isixwayiso - ngokusazisa mayelana nezici ukusetshenziswa izimpahla, isibonelo, aquarium wamshaya-ngokusebenzisa kusho ukuthi ngeke abe phezu phezulu umkhiqizo ukubeka izinto ezisindayo.

2. Labelling jikelele ulwazi lomkhiqizo umthengi - lokhu wokugubha sisetshenziswa ngesicelo isivakashi futhi kufanele siphathe ngendlela yombhalo ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana umthengi izakhiwo kwezimpahla: isisindo, umbala, njll ...

3. Ukuthuthwa wokugubha - ekhombisa imithetho ikalishi kwezimpahla kungenzeka zokukhwabanisa nalo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-ingilazi okuhlanekezelwe sisho ukuthi umkhiqizo ulula. Kwenzeka futhi ezokuthutha kophawu ngendlela yombhalo, isibonelo, eliqoshwe umbhalo othi "Ungadlali", okuyinto akudingi amazwana.

4. Ukuze kukhunjulwe isitifiketi amamaki - ngenxa yokuthi eminye imikhiqizo zingaba kuphela imvume ekhethekile noma ilayisensi, ukutholakala phezu isitifiketi umkhiqizo uphawu kubonisa khona imvume enjalo nomakhi. Njengomthetho, isitifiketi emamaki aqukethe izithombe, imibhalo kanye nezimpawu avikela holographic. Ethandwa kakhulu kuyinto isitifiketi uphawu mkhuba uphawu.

5. Izimpawu zokuthengisa - ngokusobala ekhomba leyo izimpahla okuqondene ethile brand. Ukuba khona kwalesi uphawu kubonisa ubuqiniso imikhiqizo enjalo.

6. eco-ilebula - kubonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa nomkhiqizo akusho ukulimaza imvelo, futhi ungakwazi futhi ibonisa ukuthi ngo-umkhiqizo othile nobungozi imvelo kanye izithako womuntu.

7. kophawu ekhethekile, okuyinto sici we amaqembu umkhiqizo esiyingozi futhi onobungozi kakhulu ezifana acid neziqhumane. kophawu Special kwezimpahla ngokuvumelana esiphezulu izakhiwo avumelekile imvelo isitoreji kanye zokuhamba kugcwele lezo zimpahla.

8. Ibha ikhodi, noma, njengoba yayibizwa ngokuthi, umdweshu ikhodi, kuyinto kophawu zifane ngamazwe. Ikhodi ibha kalula liyabonakala by izibopho zabo, futhi iqukethe lonke ulwazi olufanele mayelana nomkhiqizo for ngokufakwa yayo emakethe - okungukuthi, ulwazi mayelana ezweni lendabuko, ikhodi umkhiqizo ngokuvumelana somhleli ngamazwe, ikhodi umakhi, kanye nekhodi eveza khona amalayisense kanye nezimvume .

Ikhodi Bar kunhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo: yomugqa, eqinisweni, ikhodi strip futhi mgudumbili, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-QR code. Ikhodi ntathu uyakwazi ukulingana ukwaziswa okwengeziwe, kunokuba yomugqa, ngoba likuvumela ukufunda ulwazi hhayi nendawo kuphela kodwa futhi uqonde. Njengomthetho, umkhiqizo QR code-iqukethe ikheli insiza ukukhiqizwa futhi iwebhusayithi yomenzi, futhi angase abe namahhovisi amafoni. Ngomqondo onabile, ikhodi ezimbili-ntathu Ungabhala ngemfihlo ngokuphelele noma iluphi ulwazi. Amabhakhodi futhi lula ukuphathwa lokulawula yokusungula kanye nokuphathwa kwezimali nezinsiza ezinkulu usebenzisa esebenza nge-computer nemishini yokuhweba.

Ukumaka GOST

Russian Federation ngofuzo futhi zaqhubeka zonke-Union State Standard, manje okuthiwa Russian State Standard. Inani lawo ukuthi ngamunye ukudla noma izinto kukhona standard umfaniswano izinga, njengoba kufakazelwa umkhiqizo okuhambisanayo wokugubha.

amazinga GOST esungulwe eU.SSR nakanjani kuyo yonke imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa eSoviet Union. Londoloza, umkhiqizo kophawu GOST avunyelwe ukuvikela ubuqiniso imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa kusukela nenkathi yamaSoviet. Ngokwesibonelo, namasoseji likadokotela, ayizalele hhayi kukhiqizwa, kufanele yenziwe ngezinhlamvu izithako efanayo engabelwe ezongivakashela, futhi ibhalwe ngokunamathela ukwakhiwa okujwayelekile. Yiqiniso, abakhiqizi lanamuhla, uzama ukulondoloza imali, hamba ku ngobuqili, ukukhululwa kwezimpahla ngokuvumelana Ukucaciswa ekhethekile, ngaleyo ndlela kancane kokushintsha igama lomkhiqizo. Ngokwesibonelo, hhayi "Vologda ibhotela" futhi "Vologda ibhotela esengeziwe", njalo njalo. D. Namuhla, wonke umkhiqizi ukuthola imvume sikhiqiza imikhiqizo ngokuvumelana Ukucaciswa yabo, kodwa akekho umuntu unelungelo lokuveza umkhiqizo enegama phezu kophawu izivakashi abangabhalisile ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo ejwayelekile.

Ukudla kophawu

Zonke ukudla okukhiqizwe eRussia noma amazwe zibe nendawo yalo, kufanele kwenziwe kophawu esiyisibopho izimpahla. Standard kudinga abakhiqizi nabanye abalandela imithetho. Umkhiqizo kophawu kufanele ibe igama lomkhiqizo, ngokuvumelana Ukucaciswa GOST noma lobuchwepheshe wabonisa umthamo yayo noma isisindo, isimo imvelaphi kanye ongenisa, ukubunjwa umkhiqizo, amandla alo Inani. Futhi ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo ofuna ukugcina lo mkhiqizo, eshalofini yokuphila yalo futhi ukwencika leli gama ngemibandela USB. Uma umkhiqizo kudinga ukucutshungulwa ezengeziwe, ilebula kumele inikezwe iresiphi, kanye nendlela umkhiqizo Kufanele kuthathwe ukudla. Labelling imikhiqizo ukudla ingaquketha eminye imininingwane ngesicelo umenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho ingashiwo futhi izincomo lihambisana namanye imikhiqizo.

Yiqiniso, imithetho umkhiqizo kophawu kukhona isihlobo, futhi abavunyelwe ukusebenzisa umqondo wabo ezivamile. Yiqiniso, akekho umuntu ukushushisa nomkhiqizi amazambane chip ukuthi akakathumeli kulwazi iphakethe kanjani futhi kudingeka ukuba adle, kepha ngesikhathi esifanayo ongenisa ka uphayinaphu noma ezinye izithelo ezingavamile ngaphezulu nje ubophekile ukuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho ngenhla yokuhlukanisa kwezimpahla futhi ukunikeza imiyalelo lokulungiselela yayo ukudla kwilebula. Ngemva zonke ikhasi uphayinaphu kungenziwa abalimala uma uzama ukuhlafuna, futhi izithelo zasezindaweni ezishisayo, futhi bonke kuqukethe izingxenyana anobuthi engenakudliwa ngobubi bawo.

Imithetho amiselwe isembozo ezithile kwezimpahla. Ngokwesibonelo, iziqukathi zeplastiki noma isitsha kumele kwenziwe kuphela ekudleni-grade plastic. Imikhiqizo yobisi kumele igcwele kuphela emgqonyeni hermetic. Amaqanda kungenziwa igcwaliseke kuphela emathileyi ekhethekile, nokunye. D.

Ukumaka imikhiqizo non-ukudla

Konke akuhloselwe ukudliwa ngabantu nazo ukuba kuthiwe, lapho izidingo mancane ezibucayi.

Ukumaka izinto okungezona ukudla iyokwakhiwa igama lomkhiqizo, igama wezomthetho umenzi, izwe lendabuko kwezimpahla, imithetho ukusebenza kwawo, izakhiwo ezibalulekile kanye neminye imininingwane okuyinto umenzi ibona kunesidingo salokhu ukuba azise umthengi. Njengoba kucaca ukuthi iningi lemininingwane kuyavumelana ibhakhodi, ngokuvamile kuba elinganiselwe nomkhiqizi izimpahla ze-non-ukudla kuka onemibuzo umthengi ezingaba ongafuni ukuthenga "ingulube in a xhoxha."

Ukumaka izimpahla Russian namanje uhlala at esiteji ukuthuthukiswa Ngakho-ke, ngeke ukwazi ukuhlale aqukethe ulwazi oluphelele kulo mkhiqizo. Izincazelo-Government Russian ku inqubo wokugubha kwezimpahla, inkulumo ngesandla esisodwa ngesidingo banamathela izindinganiso, ngakolunye - ukwenza ngokuvumelana abanokuqonda, kanti eyesithathu - ukuthi awufaki impahla kuzo zonke izinhlobo akhona kophawu kwenzeka nje. Kulezi imithetho kulula uthole bedidekile futhi ngenxa yalokho namanje Ukumaka ngendlela kwenziwa ngokuyinhloko ukuze abameleli ezohwebo, futhi kuphela ke - umthengi.

nezimfuneko ezithile ukuze emaphaketheni kwezimpahla ze-non-ukudla lapho, ngaphandle izinto eziphathelene enobungozi, oluvuthayo futhi iyingozi kakhulu, kanye izikhali kuvumelekile. imikhiqizo enjalo kungaba kuphela ligcinwe bese uyiswa e ekhethekile iziqukathi, izitsha kanye izimo, kanye ephelezelwa ilebula isixwayiso esifanele, kumele iqukathe yokusingatha emamaki kophawu.

izimpahla excisable

Izimfuneko ezinzima kakhulu kophawu kwezimpahla eziphathelene excisable. Ukuze izimpahla excisable eRussia kukhona utshwala, ngaphandle ubhiya futhi cider, ugwayi kanye zokubasa kanye zokugcoba. Ukumaka of mkhuba izimpahla isetshenziswa yentela izimpahla izitembu - ukuze iwuvule isitsha noma emaphaketheni ngaphandle kokulimaza umkhiqizo, kwakungenakwenzeka. Excise izimpahla wokugubha kuhlanganisa ulwazi mayelana nomkhiqizi, inani ilayisensi yakhe, inani mkhuba emsebenzini umkhiqizo othize, kanye negama layo.

Excise isitembu kuyinto yokubika idokhumenti yentela zomphakathi kanye esilawulwa esiqinile.

Ngaphandle iyona wokugubha laser akwazi ukugcina nge izinto copyright eqoshiwe kubo. Lo mkhiqizo ziphawulwe amalayisense zokuhweba ekhethekile abafana isakhiwo mkhuba emsebenzini, kodwa ngokungafani kubo, akhiqizwa nge laser amabhizinisi zokukhiqiza Special ngaphansi esiqinile esimweni nokulawula.

Imithetho kophawu nokupakishwa kwezimpahla ukuthutha ngendiza

Airlifts ezihlobene nokusebenzelana kwandisa, ngakho ukuze kwezimpahla eyalo izimoto ezinjalo, isicelo izidingo ezibophayo kakhulu, kuhlanganise lezo ezimayelana kophawu. Ngu umkhiqizo emoyeni zokuhamba kuphela iziqukathi unxande noma isikwele, amathangi, nezinye izitsha bunjwa njalo weJiyomethri. Mshini kwi izitsha nezinye iphakethe unxande noma isikwele kumelwe libe izinhlangothi futhi phezulu esitsheni. Kufanele zihlanganisa kophawu esiyisibopho non-ukudla imikhiqizo, ukufaka ekhethekile, kwemvelo, ezokuthutha anelebuli yokusingatha amamaki. I kophawu kumele kubandakanye ulwazi mayelana isisindo izimpahla net futhi okwedlulele, okungukuthi, njengoba ne emabhokisini noma ngaphandle kwalo.

Usayizi isembozo izimpahla kumelwe kuvumelane izilinganiso isihlalo imoto njengoba kuchaziwe ezifuywayo international iziqondiso zokuhamba air zokuthutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhiqizo ngamunye kumelwe ibekwe ezindaweni.

Isibopho ukuthobela kophawu

Bani umthetho isezandleni iphakeji umkhiqizo kophawu futhi kuhambisana - ukukhathazeka main wonke amabhizinisi emkhakheni wezohwebo. Ngaphansi komthetho wamanje, nezibopho ezinjalo onikezwe wonke izinhlangano zamabhizinisi, ogama imisebenzi zihlobene ekukhiqizeni nokudayiswa yezokuthutha izimpahla. Kodwa lezi izibopho babe umehluko othize.

Umenzi buthakathaka ubophekile ukuba enze, noma esimweni nge mkhuba izitembu noma ilayisensi - ukuthenga inani elidingekayo amalebula imikhiqizo yabo kanye nokuqinisekisa isicelo sabo efanele kwezimpahla. Umenzi unesibopho kuhambisana izinga idatha yalo mkhiqizo kuboniswe kwilebula, kusuka ngesikhathi izimpahla ukushiya umugqa ukukhiqizwa ngaphambi kokuthenga yayo ngumsebenzisi sekupheleni.

Inkampani yenethiwekhi, okuyinto uyisa izimpahla, unesibopho ubuqotho wabhala umkhiqizo esikhathini ekutholeni izimpahla kumthumeli ngaphambi kwezidingo zayo umamukeli. Kulokhu, esiphathiswa akasoze ozoba elibhekele okuqukethwe kophawu futhi umkhiqizo ukuhambisana, kanye umonakalo, uma ukuhlukumeza yobuqotho sabhalwa ngesikhathi ukwamukela izimpahla umthumeli.

Wholesalers kanye Retailers aphoqelelwe ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho kanye readability ka nekukumakwa izimpahla, ngubani emashalofini yakhe. Tellingly, umdayisi akuyena obangela ukungalandelani idatha wokugubha izakhiwo wangempela izimpahla, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ufanelwe umthengi ukuze uthole ulwazi lokungalandeli umthetho phezu yezitolo ilebula, ukuthi kuyinto sipho ngemlomo ngaloko lokusandza kwenteka umdayisi, ikhwalithi wangempela izimpahla. Ngakho, uma umenzi has ngamabomu noma ngephutha olwehlela TV tube wokugubha plasma, futhi umdayisi, ngaphandle kokuhlola izimpahla, ethengisa fektri wokugubha, uyoba nesibopho umthengi ngenxa yokuntula sokuhambisana njengoba isitatimende kokunikelwayo, ngaphansi komthetho "Ngo Ukuvikelwa Consumer Rights" . Kulokhu, umthengisi uzothola ilungelo ukuletha izimangalo ezifanayo umenzi.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umdayisi kufanele anikeze umthengi yazo zonke izimpahla izakhiwo uthenge, awucacisiwe ulwazi kophawu ukuthi umthengi yena uyakwazi ukufunda. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwemisebenzi umdayisi ngoba ukuthengiswa kwezimpahla ngaphandle kophawu saziso, nokudayiswa kwezimpahla excisable ne ukukhubazeka efanayo. Ukuheha Umthengisi isigaba sokuqala izimpahla nesibopho kungenziwa kuphela Kutholwe ukuthengiswa kwezimpahla ngaphandle kophawu efanele. Endabeni izimpahla excisable nje ukuthola izimpahla enjalo nomthengisi isitokwe, phezulu hhayi ephelezelwa ukubuyela ukuhlukumeza amalebula mkhuba.

Umthwalo ngenxa yokwephula imithetho kophawu

Ngenxa yokwephula imithetho kwezimpahla wokugubha sihlinzekela isibopho sezomthetho zokuphatha inhlawulo futhi ngokuthathelwa impahla noma ngaphandle kwalo. Usayizi kanye nohlobo of icala kuncike ohlangothini umgomo icala, okungukuthi, lokho ethize isenzo ekhubazekile uzibophezele umuntu obhekene khona kokuphawula.

kophawu okungafanele ukudla kanye non-ukudla imikhiqizo etholakala okokuqala kuyinto esithola esihle, kodwa kungase kufihle esingathi sína ngokwengeziwe, ngisho nasebugebengwini - ukugcwaliseka kwezimpahla mbumbulu nokushushumbiswa. Khumbula ukuthi kophawu saziso kuhilela ecacisa igama womkhiqizo futhi ezweni lendabuko. Ngakho, kwaba ukuqala ikuvumela uhlole semthethweni ekukhiqizweni noma ukungeniswa imikhiqizo ethile, futhi implementor yayo - ukuqinisekisa ukuba semthethweni kohlelo yokufuna yayo, uma ngenxa yesizathu esithile izimpahla azikho phezulu. Ngokwesibonelo, uma sempahla ethengwayo emakethe wholesale.

Ukuthengiswa kwezimpahla excisable ngaphandle kophawu efanele, noma uma isembozo kanye kophawu izimpahla zilimele, futhi esithola esihle. Lokhu ukudayiswa futhi isisekelo izinsolo amanye amacala intela usinde - izimpahla okungukuthi neoprihodovanii futhi imali. Futhi zonke ngenxa izimpahla excisable ngoba ukugcwaliseka imali kungenzeka kuphela ngosizo yemali kulo lonke umkhiqizo afakwe amabhuku nge inkomba okufaka idatha mkhuba izitembu. Ngakho, ezilimele noma ezingekho mkhuba isitembu ku umkhiqizo ikuvumela sokungabaza ukuthi lo mkhiqizo linikezwe ishede esitolo, futhi likhona yemali, futhi azithengiswa yi ingilazi noma ucezu kusuka ngaphansi esiphikisayo. Yiqiniso, ukufakazela ukuba semthethweni kohlelo umkhiqizo ezinegama ezilimele noma ezingekho kungenzeka, kodwa kuyodingeka ichithe ama-izinzwa eziyigugu, ngakho-ke kungcono ukugwema lokhu.

Hlola lebhizinisi ukuthi ukhiqiza futhi udayisa izimpahla kuncike kokuphawula, kungase kube kancane zokulawula kanye komthetho iziphathimandla - okungukuthi, imizimba isevisi federal yentela, amaphoyisa intela futhi amaphoyisa, umshushisi, nokusakazwa ukulawula imikhiqizo emizimbeni utshwala kanye nemikhiqizo kagwayi, ukuvikelwa zemizimba amalungelo umthengi, iziphathimandla wezilwane nezenhlanzeko-epidemiological ukubhekwa, iziphathimandla ukuphepha umlilo. Emacaleni angakajayeleki ku ngobugebengu isheke kophawu ongenziwa ehhovisi lomshushisi futhi e-FSB.

Yini umthengi odinga ukukwazi mayelana kophawu

Eqinisweni, umthengi umuntu oyinhloko likabani isithakazelo sisetshenziswa kophawu izimpahla, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo liphinde kakhulu waziswa kulokhu ezweni lethu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kakade wenze izinguquko umthetho, lapho izimpahla Russian kophawu kumele aqondakale esengeziwe abathengi. Umthetho omusha ngeke afune ukuba ubeke uphawu okhethekileko iqembu ebanzi imikhiqizo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umthengi manje awukwazi ubuhlungu ukuqonda ukuthi yini inzuzo bona kungaba asuswe wokugubha. Okokuqala, ukuthi kufakwe amalebuli enyama ukwazisa amakhasimende mayelana izakhiwo, nangohlobo lwezinto izimpahla ngokwencazelo yaleli umthetho "Ngo Ukuvikelwa Consumer Rights" futhi "Civil Code". Okusho ukuthi, uma okuqukethwe umkhiqizo singahlangabezani kophawu kusho umdayisi noma nomkhiqizi ufake ngokungalungile unolwazi mayelana nomkhiqizo othengwe, futhi umthengi unelungelo lokuthathwa njengomsulwa isinxephezelo ezifanele. Okwesibili, kwaba ukuqala kuqinisekisa semthethweni izimpahla, futhi esimweni utshwala noma inyama nemikhiqizo yalo kubalulekile.

Okwesithathu, kophawu umkhiqizo Kuyasiza ukwazi endaweni kweqiniso zokukhiqiza izimpahla, okuzokwenza ukunquma, ngisho eliphezulu inkohliso.

Ngakho, i-kophawu we izidingo zomkhiqizo, kanye kwikhava yawo ukhuthaze abakhiqizi kanye nabathengisi sinamathele ezindinganisweni ethile yekhwalithi futhi ihambisane namalungelo abathengi.