Isigaba esilungisiwe sezilwane: izimiso eziyisisekelo ze-taxa nezigaba

Isihloko sesayensi ehlelekile yilona uhlobo lwezinto eziphilayo. Ukuhlangana kwezidalwa ngamaqembu ngesisekelo sezici ezithile kubaluleke kakhulu ekufundeni kwabo. Izigaba eziyinhloko zezilwane kanye nemigomo ebekwe ohlwini lwabo zizocatshangelwa esihlokweni sethu.

Izisekelo ezisemqoka zesilwane

Iziphi izizathu izilwane ezingahlukaniswa kuzo zonke izilwane eziphilayo? Ngendlela eyodwa yokudla. Zonke izilwane, kusukela e-amoeba ezincane kuya ku-whale enkulu, ziyi-heterotrophs. Lokhu kusho ukuthi badla izinto ezihleliwe kuphela futhi abakwazi ukuzikhiqiza bona ngokwabo.

I-taxa ephansi kakhulu yezilwane yizinhlobo zezilwane. Leli qembu labantu ngabanye, elihlangene nesimiso sokufana kwesakhiwo, isayensi yemvelo kanye nemvelo. Lesi sigaba esimisiwe sezilwane sinalo igama eliphindwe kabili. Kwaqala kuqala isayensi ngumsosayensi odumile uCarl Linnaeus. Kwangathi i-beetle, izinkumbi ezifudukayo, isikhwama se-polar - igama lokuqala yizilwane. Igama lesibili linquma uhlobo lwesilwane esiluphi.

Izigaba zesimiso zesilwane: ithebula

Amayunithi ahlelekile abuye abizwe ngokuthi i-taxa. Izinhlobo nezinhlobo zezinto ezincane kunabo bonke. Ithelevoni enkulu kakhulu umbuso. Esikhathini samanje, amatekisi ahlukanisa abahlanu. Lezi izitshalo, isikhunta, amabhaktheriya, ama-virus nezilwane. Umehluko wabo oyinhloko yindlela yokudla nokuzikhethela kwesakhiwo seseli. Ukulandelana kwezigaba ezihleliwe zezilwane kunikezwa etafuleni lethu.

Unicellular

Isigaba esilungisiwe sezilwane, okuyizinto ezilula, kuhlanganisa izilwane eziphilayo. Konke kuyi-eukaryotes. Isitoreji sabo singumzimba ophelele okwazi ukwenza zonke izinqubo ezibalulekile: ukondleka, ukuphefumula, ukukhula, ukukhiqiza, ukunyakaza.

Izibonelo ezijwayelekile zezilwane ezihlobene nemibuso engaphansi kwe-unicellular yi- amoeba proteus, i- euglena eluhlaza, ne- infusoria shoe.

I-Multicellular

Umzimba wabameleli bale unit ehlelekile awukwakhiwa nje ngamaningi amangqamuzana. Lezi zakhiwo ezincane kunazo zonke, ezifana nesakhiwo kanye nomsebenzi, ezihlanganiswa ngezicubu, izitho nezinhlelo zazo. Lesi sigaba esilungile sezilwane sifaka izinhlobo eziningana, isakhiwo saso esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kunezikhombisa eziphelele. Isakhiwo esiphezulu kunazo zonke yizipanji. Lezi ziphilayo zihola indlela yokuphila enamathele, idla ngokuhlunga. Amanzi ahlanzekile ama-hydra, i-jellyfish nama-polyps abamele uhlobo lwamathumbu. Anamaseli akhethekile angakabi ama-tissue langempela.

Ngokokuqala ngqa lezi zakhiwo zivela ezibubini, ezakha izinhlobo eziningana zezilwane: flat, nxazonke futhi zikhala. Futhi lezi zinsuku zibhekene nokubonakala kwendlela yokujikeleza. Uhlobo olulandelayo lwezilwane eziningi ezibizwa ngokuthi i-mollusks. Unomzimba onothile ongahlanganisiwe futhi uvame ukuvikelwa igobolondo. Inkulu kunazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo uhlobo lwe-arthropod, oluhlanganisa izinambuzane, i-you- and arachnids.

I-Chord

Lesi sigaba esilungile sezilwane siyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke futhi sinesimo esijwayelekile sakhiwo. Lokhu kuba khona kwe-axial strand, noma i-chord, i-neural tube ne-gill slits ku-pharynx. Kuye indawo yokuhlala, ziguqulwa. Ababonisi bamakilasi okugcoba bayaziwa kuwo wonke umuntu futhi basetshenziswa kakhulu ngumuntu emisebenzini yezomnotho. Lezi zihlanganisa izakhamuzi ezijwayelekile zasemanzini - izinhlanzi, ezibhekene nokuphefumula kwegill. Ama-Amphibiya ahlala emhlabathini, futhi akhiqiza emzimbeni wamanzi. Lezi amaxoxo, izinhlanzi namaxoxo. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo - izingwenya, izilonda, izinyoka, ama-turtles - ziphuma ngokuphelele emhlabeni. Futhi izinyoni zashiya indawo yokuhlala. Izilwane ezihlelwe kakhulu kunazo zonke izinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi yizilwane ezincelisayo, yimuphi umuntu ongummeleli.

Ngakho-ke, embusweni wezilwane kukhona izinto eziphilayo, okuyinto uhlobo lokudla kwe-heterotrophic isici. Abamele bale unit ehlelekile babumbene kule taxi elandelayo:

• I-sub-umbuso we-unicellular;
• Ukufakwa kwe-multicellular.

Lezi zinsuku zihlanganisa: izipanji, ama-coelenterates, ama-worms, ama-round, angama-annular, ama-mollusk, ama-arthropods, ama-mammals.