ISigungu esiphethe umbuso waseRoma uhlelo inani - lihle, kodwa kunzima?

Nokho ISigungu esiphethe umbuso waseRoma uhlelo inani kwakuvamile eYurophu Ephakathi, ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi lalingelihle ukuba kuhlalwe ukusebenzisa, namuhla cishe akazange asebenzise. Yathatha indawo kulapho elula zesi-Arabhu, okwakwenza izibalo ilula kakhulu futhi kulula.

Njengoba ngesisekelo yamaRoma zithathwa amandla ka eziyishumi, futhi isigamu sabo. Esikhathini esidlule, Zayima isidingo ukuqopha izinombolo ezinkulu futhi eside, ngakho iqoqo izibalo eziyisisekelo ekuqaleni zigcine ayizinkulungwane. Izinombolo zibhaliwe kusuka kwesokunxele kuya kwesokudla, futhi sum yabo futhi imelela inani elicacisiwe.

Umehluko omkhulu itholakala lokuthi ukuthi yamaRoma inani kuyinto nonpositional. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ilungiselelo izibalo kunombolo irekhodi akubonisi ukubaluleka kwayo. yesi-Roman "1" Kulotshiwe njengoba «I». Manje sibeka izilinganiso ezingamakhulu amabili ndawonye bese nibheka ukuthi asho ukuthini: «II» - lena nje iSonto LamaRoma inani 2, kuyilapho "11" Kulotshweni calculus Roman ngokuthi "XI". Ngaphezu kwezinye lisisakhiwo izibalo kuwo abhekwa ezinhlanu, eziyishumi, ezingamashumi amahlanu, enye ikhulu, anamakhulu mahlanu amawaka, anawakanye, okuyinto okhonjiswe V, X, L, C, D no M.

Kuhlelo idesimali sisebenzisa namuhla, kuhlanganise e 1756 inombolo yokuqala eyenani ezinkulungwane, kwesibili - zamakhulu, eyesithathu - amashumi, nelesine inani amayunithi. Ngakho, ubizwa ngokuthi Positioning System, futhi kubalwa ukusetshenziswa kwaso kwenziwa ngokungeza izingcezu abafanele komunye nomunye. ISigungu esiphethe umbuso waseRoma uhlelo inani kuhlelwe ngendlela ehluke: ke inenani tinombolo letiphelele kuzimele oda ngamanani ashaqisayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhumusha inombolo 168 kumele kubhekwe ukuthi sonke ingatholakala izinhlamvu eziyisisekelo: uma idijithi kuya kwashiya abantu abangaphezu kuka izinombolo kwesokudla, lezi zinombolo sezisusiwe, kwelinye icala - eligoqiwe. Ngakho, 168 bayolotshwa phansi njengoba CLXVIII (C-100, LX - 60, VIII - 8). Njengoba ubona, yamaRoma inani inikeza ngempela nzima ashaqisayo, okwenza kube kwalokho esingesihle kakhulu nokukhupha izinombolo ezinkulu, ingasaphathwa ngokuziphatha division kanye ukubuyabuyelela imisebenzi yabo. Uhlelo Roman unesinye ethile enkulu, okungukuthi ukuntuleka zero. Ngakho-ke, isetshenziswa namuhla kuphela ukuze ubheke izahluko ezincwadini, emakhulwini eminyaka yezinombolo, izinsuku esiyisikhumbuzo, lapho asikho isidingo sokufeza imisebenzi izibalo.

Ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke, kuba lula kakhulu ukusebenzisa uhlelo idesimali, ukubaluleka izinombolo lapho kuhlobene nenani emakhoneni ngamunye kubo. Wayeqale uvele ekhulwini VI e-India, futhi izinhlamvu kuwo usufikile unomphela kuphela ekhulwini XVI. EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani Indian izibalo, okuthiwa i-Arab lwangena ngomsebenzi sezibalo esidumile Fibonacci. Ukuze kuhlukaniswe inamba nezingxenye fraction uhlelo Arabhu isebenzisa ukhefana noma isikhathi. Kodwa ngo amakhompyutha ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa ohlelweni kanambambili, okuyinto evamile e-Europe, sibonga umsebenzi Leibniz, okuyinto ngenxa yokuthi izimbangeli asetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bama-computer, okungase izikhundla ukusebenza ezimbili kuphela.