Inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia lasendulo: owokuqala olandelayo

Isithakazelo emlandweni izizwe zakwa Slavic, ikakhulukazi egatsheni empumalanga, namuhla banda zonke izinsuku. Njalo cindezela kunezinkolelo-mbono nemibono ukuthi ngivule amaqiniso ayisisekelo, ukuphikisa noma uqinisekise kubo. Kukhona mpikiswano emhlabeni udaba ngalokho umuzi wawuyigolide isihloko inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia lasendulo. Ake sizame ukuqonda lokhu.

Tales endulo

Uma ukholelwa ukuthi tinganekwane lwemilando, wehlele kithi kusukela kudala, kuba Kyïv wayengunina amadolobha Russian. Polyansky izikhulu united izizwe Slavic wathelisa edolobheni entabeni, esasimenyezelwe wahlala kulo. Emhlabeni ngekhulu lesihlanu (usuku isisekelo Ukrainian dolobha yesimanje) landa edolobheni futhi athuthukiswe futhi lwaqina futhi izwe naye. Kwathi lapho ibhange emaweni of Dnieper lawela amaViking, Kiev wayesemdala Sekutsenga owaziwa esifundeni. Ruric kwenziwa okuningi ukuze isimo futhi isisekelo Igunya lakhe eliphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni ephakathi.

Isimo wakhula, babebaningi inzalo umndeni kwesikhulu. Wonke umuntu wayesefuna ukuba abuse futhi wasungula idolobha, okuyinto amangalelwe ukuba yinkosana. Ngakho, owokuqala inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia lasendulo abathola usizo kancane, izimbangi amaningi. Futhi lapho ingcebo namandla e Kiev ucime, kwakukhona isibalo esikhulu emadolobheni ukuthi baye baqala ukuzibiza ngokuthi i-Capital. Esikhundleni the ubukhulu Kiev, okuyinto ilahlekelwe umbuso wakhona enkundleni yomhlaba sekufika nabanye: Smolensk, Novgorod-Seversky, Ryazan, Chernigov, uVladimir-Suzdal, futhi kamuva eMoscow. Ngakho-ke, inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia lasendulo wayengeyedwa.

Golden-oluyingungu Kyïv

Uma uthisha izindaba ekilasini banxuse umfundi nombuzo, shayela inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia lasendulo, akazange angabaze ukuphendula, kuba Kiev. idolobha kaMichael imi amagquma eziyisikhombisa, efana eRoma, eJerusalema noma iConstantinople. Anakho sesimweni kunenzuzo ngokungavamile womhlaba futhi lapho kwakuphambana khona imizila emikhulu yokuhweba. Kusukela yasungulwa kuze kufike isikhathi sokupheleliswa amaMongol-Tatar ijoka nokubhujiswa yakhe Khan Batu, yena kwaba nendima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni kwezinceku esifundeni. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1020 i-inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia lasendulo - kuyinto Kiev.

Rising emlotheni, nakuba yibhece omakhelwane namandla kakhulu, kodwa noma kunjalo akhule ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ubuso bakhe enhle. Nokho, namanje inkumbulo abantu bomuzi wahlala ikakhulukazi njengoba yayibizwa igxile empilweni yamasiko nezingokomoya.

Veliky Novgorod

Umlando walo iqala emhlabeni sokutjhuguluka lesishiyagalolunye kuya kweleshumi. Nakuba abavubukuli baye basikisela ukuthi le nsimu yabantu yesimanje Novgorod ixazululwe kuneNingizimu ngokuvamile wacabanga. Lo muzi, eyasungulwa lwamaSlav, lakhiwa isibonelo Kiev. Lapha esakhiwe like Inkantolo St Sophia Cathedral sika, endaweni ivulekile ukuze Abantu. Lokhu inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia lasendulo selokhu wasebenza njengomfundisi ocebile ukuhweba edolobheni nge ehlukile isiko, intando yeningi nokuziphatha. Kepha uncome Kiev futhi wathumela amabutho akhe ngesicelo izikhulu Capital.

Lapho Kiev bakhubeka phansi amagalelo ka namaMongol Novgorod waphunyuka ngalobo busuku. Lokhu kwamenza bona ahlule lonke principalities isiRashiya, kanti Novgorod Republic sekuyisikhathi eside yanda futhi aminzisa ngayo ngokunethezeka.

isiduku

Abanye abacwaningi ukuhlonza ezine inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia lasendulo. Ziyakwazi:

• Kiev;
• Novgorod, kamuva eyabizwa ngokuthi i-Grand;
• Staraya Ladoga;
• Vladimir.

Okokuqala okubili sabuka enqabeni. Ekhulwini XI (1020), inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia lasendulo - edolobheni Kiev, futhi yayingumthelisi omkhulu inqobo nje wayengabhekiseli ashaqe e 1240 by amaMongol. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, isimo medieval uyekile khona, okutjho ukhuluma ngani emadolobheni amakhulu akusho lutho.

Ladoga uVladimir-on-Klyazma

Staraya Ladoga namuhla - kuyinto encani, lapho Rurik ixazululwe iminyaka emibili ngaphambi esebizwa ukuba Novgorod. It ihlala Prince edume ukunika ilungelo ubheke inani degrees dolobha ye uthi lasendulo. Nokho, kukhona into eyodwa, njengoba abavubukuli baye ukuqinisekisile ukuthi idolobha yasungulwa yi-Varangians, kanye labantu ngokuyinhloko abasuka eScandinavia. Ezinye izindaba zika-dolobha lasendulo yeRussia, ezifana Novgorod, uVladimir futhi Kiev yayakhiwa futhi kuhlale lwamaSlav, ngoba babe ilungelo ngaphezulu ukubiza amadolobhakazi amakhulu. Futhi isimo njengoba enjalo engazange abe khona, kuvele kamuva, lapho u-Oleg Lesiprofetho bajoyine isichotho Kiya.

Vladimir - nomuzi abakhethiwe yena Prince Andrew Bogolyubskii ngemva kwemashi Kiev. Ubukhulu ngaleso sikhathi kwakuwukuthola abantu abanamandla futhi abacebile, ngakho isihloko, inhloko-dolobha wanika uVladimir-on-Klyazma nokuchuma okukhulu nakakhulu. Lesi kwakuyisiqalo yokwakhiwa amasonto kanye amathempeli, izigodlo zikanokusho. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu nane lapha sidluliselwe archdiocese. Ngemva amaMongol ahlasele futhi ukuvelela eMoscow uVladimir kancane kancane balahlekelwa igunya layo langempela, kodwa ngokomthetho wahlala enhloko-dolobha.

esikhundleni isiphetho sendaba

Sesihlole inhlokodolobha lasendulo yeRussia, okuye yaqashelwa ngokomthetho njengezwe ezinjalo. Lokhu isiphetho sakudala umlando onothileko legends enhle. On insimu yabo, futhi namuhla ungabona izakhiwo ngokubabazekayo lokho kukhumbuza wenkazimulo esidlule. Bonke ngesikhathi esisodwa esadlala indima ebalulekile ekuphileni kwama-isimo yangenkathi ephakathi yokuphila kuka-Eastern lwamaSlav. Futhi namhlanje basuke edonsa izivakashi nge ezikhangayo esiyingqayizivele, okwakhiwa kuso yi-okuyinhloko esingcono kakhulu eYurophu.

Kuyini inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia lasendulo? Ngeke uzwe impendulo olulodwa, ngoba zonke degree uyakufanelekela ukugqoka isihloko, kanye nakwamanye amadolobha amaningi ezibe dolobha principalities, futhi namuhla zingabantu amagugu kumephu jikelele.