Izici magnesium. Chemical isici magnesium

elementi Chemical magnesium - yeshumi nambili e ishadi lesikhathi. It kungokwalabo iqembu lesibili kanye nenkathi yesithathu. Ifakiwe ezinhlwini iqoqo ane-alikhali emhlabeni izinsimbi. Isayensi ukuthi study lezi zinto - kwamakhemikhali. ithebula Periodic, okwakwenzelwa kulo bangayitadisha isayensi ubonisa ukuthi ama-proton kanye neutrons eziqukethwe kuyi-athomu ye-magnesium nambili. Lokhu kungenziwa kunqunywa neenomborosikhundla (ke ilingana nenani proton, futhi ama-electron, kuyoba esikhundleni iyafana uma athomu hlangothi, ion).

izici Chemical magnesium nayo ukutadisha kwamakhemikhali. Mendeleev itafula futhi ezidingekayo ababheke njengoba usikhombisa Valence timphawu (kulesi simo, kuba elilingana ezimbili). It kuncike iqembu lapho athomu fanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungasiza ukwazi ukuthi izinyo lomhlathi magnesium mass elilingana amabili nane. Okungukuthi, umuntu imvukuzane we metal ukala amabili nane amagremu. magnesium ifomula silula - ke akunalo molecule athomu kuhlanganiswe crystalline ngehele.

izici magnesium ngombono zesayensi

Njengazo zonke izinsimbi, ngaphandle mercury lokhu kwakwakhe ine okuqinile isimo aggregate ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile. It has ukukhanya-grey umbala nge ucwebezela ngendlela ekhangayo eyinqaba. Lokhu metal has a amandla kuqhathaniswa eliphezulu. Ngesikhathi nezici zabo ezingokomzimba magnesium kuphelile. Cabanga encibilika futhi lokushisa abilayo. Eyokuqala elilingana degrees ayisithupha namashumi amahlanu kanye Celsius, owesibili ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye degrees Celsius. It lingahunyushwa baphetha ukuthi kunzima kakhulu metal ephansi encibilika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulula kakhulu: ukuminyana yayo - 1.7 g / cm3.

Magnesium. i-chemistry

Ukwazi ubunjalo bomzimba ketshezi, ungaya ingxenye izici lwakhe lwesibili. Lokhu metal has ezingeni umsebenzi nje. Lokhu kungabonakala ochungechungeni electrochemical of izinsimbi - kuba yekwentiwa ngokwengeziwe, ngakho kukhona ngaphezulu ngakwesokudla. Magnesium ingenye lokuqala ngakwesokunxele. , Cabanga oda yini izinto usabheka futhi kwenzeka kanjani.

nge elula

Lezi zihlanganisa yalabo abanhliziyo molecule aqukethe isici chemical eyodwa nje kuphela. Lokhu-oksijini fisfor ne-sulfur kanye nabanye abaningi. Okokuqala cabanga nokuxhumana oxygenic. Ibizwa ngokuthi esivuthayo. Lokhu, futhi kwakha oxide we metal. Uma ezimbili amavukuzi magnesium ukuba ashise ngenkathi kokuchitha imvukuzane oksijini, sithola ezimbili amavukuzi of oxide. I kwesibalo ukuthi bayavuma kulotshiwe kanje: 2Mg + O ₂ = 2MgO. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi omlilo magnesium ngaphandle njengoba nitride yayo kwakheka, njengoba nensimbi parallel ixubana nitrogen equkethwe emkhathini.

I amandla omlilo of wachitha amavukuzi ezintathu magnesium imvukuzane of nitrogen ngalinye, futhi umphumela ingenye imvukuzane we nitride metal. I kwesibalo salolu hlobo nokuxhumana chemical ingabhalwa ngaleyo ndlela: 3Mg + N ₂ = MG ₃ N _2.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-magnesium uyakwazi ukusabela nezinye izinto ezilula ezifana halogens. Ukuxhumana nabo kwenzeka kuphela uma ingxenye kokuba ukufuthelana okushisa aphezulu kakhulu. Kulokhu, kukhona ukusabela kwalokho. Ukuze zihlanganisa ezifana Halogen izinto ezilula: chloro, iodo, bromo, fluoro. Futhi ukusabela abizwa ngokuthi ngokufanele: chlorination, iodination, bromination, fluorination. Njengoba kungenzeka kakade ukuqagela yi kokusebenzisana bantu bangathola chloride, iodide, bromide, magnesium-fluoride. Ngokwesibonelo, uma sithatha isinyathelo esisodwa imvukuzane magnesium kanye iodine efanayo ukuthola omunye imvukuzane of iodide metal. Ukuze liveze lokhu chemical yokusabela ngokusebenzisa kwesibalo ezilandelayo: MG + ₂ ka mina = MgI _2. Isimiso esifanayo wenziwa kanye chlorination. Lokho kwesibalo yokusabela: MG + Cl ₂ = MgCl _2.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsimbi, kuhlanganise i-magnesium, i-phosphorus ukuxubana nesibabule. Esimweni sokuqala, ungathola phosphide, okwesibili - (! Akumelwe aphanjaniswe no-phosphate kanye sulphates) sulphide. Uma sithatha amavukuzi ezintathu magnesium, wanezela kuso ezimbili amavukuzi phosphorus kanye eliwu izinga lokushisa oyifunayo, ukhiqiza eyodwa imvukuzane we phosphide metal. I kwesibalo ukuthi bayavuma amakhemikhali simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: 3Mg + 2P = MG ₃ P _2. Ngokufanayo, uma kuxutshwe magnesium nesibabule ku olinganise ofanayo izinyo lomhlathi futhi ukudala izimo sekudingeka ukuba kubunjwe lokushisa eliphezulu, sithola elinikeziwe sulfide metal. I kwesibalo yalesi ukuxhumana chemical singatlolwa bunjesi: MG + S = yamathuluzi e-MGS. Ngakho sabuka kwensimbi ukusabela nezinye izinto ezilula. Kodwa izici amakhemikhali magnesium akugcini lapho.

Ukusabela nge compounds eziyinkimbinkimbi

Izinto ezinjalo zihlanganisa amanzi, usawoti, acid. Njengoba amaqembu ahlukahlukene amakhemikhali izinsimbi usabela ngendlela ehlukile. Cabanga konke ukuze.

Magnesium namanzi

Esikhathini nokuxhumana we metal ne ezivamile emhlabeni chemical kwakwakhe oxide Kumiswa kanye hydrogen ne oyiphunga ezingemnandi okunoshukela. Ukuze lolu hlobo izingxenye ukuphendula futhi idinga sishiswa ngakho. Uma ukuxuba enye imvukuzane magnesium namanzi, sithola i esilinganayo oxide ne-hydrogen. I kwesibalo ukuphendula kulotshiwe kanje: MG + H ₂ O = MgO + H _2.

Ukuxhumana nama-asidi

Njengezinye izinsimbi amakhemikhali asebenzayo, magnesium uyakwazi ukuba azixoshe athomu ye-hydrogen kusukela compounds zabo. izinqubo maKristu abizwa esikhundleni ukuphendula. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kukhona esikhundleni sama-athomu hydrogen-atom amancanyana metal kanye kumiswa nosawoti ehlanganisa magnesium (noma ezinye elementi) kanye sludge acid. Ngokwesibonelo, uma sithatha isinyathelo esisodwa imvukuzane magnesium bese uyifaka hydrochloric acid in imali amabili amavukuzi ka kwakhiwa enye imvukuzane of chloride insimbi abaningi hydrogen. Ukusabela kwesibalo ngabe unjani: MG + 2HCl = MgCl ₂ + H _2.

Ukuxoxa nosawoti

Njengoba akhiwa nosawoti kusukela acid, siye ubesemtshelile, kodwa nobuntu magnesium ngokuya chemistry kuhilela ukucabangela wokusabela yayo kanye nosawoti. Kulokhu, ukusabela kungenzeka kuphela uma ingxenye metal usawoti lingaphansi asebenzayo kuka-magnesium. Ngokwesibonelo, uma sithatha isinyathelo esisodwa imvukuzane of magnesium sulfate nethusi sulfate ukuthola metal okukhulunywa kanti ithusi abahlanzekile alinganayo isilinganiso izinyo lomhlathi. I kwesibalo ukusabela okunjalo singatlolwa bunjesi elandelayo: MG + CuSO ₄ = MgSO ₄ + Cu. Kubonakala ekunciphiseni izakhiwo magnesium.

Ukusetshenziswa kwalesi metal

Ngenxa yokuthi wayengumuntu ngezindlela eziningi njengoba kuphakeme kakhulu aluminium - kulula cishe izikhathi ezintathu, kodwa kabili njengoba oluqinile, yasakazwa kabanzi ezihlukahlukene izimboni. Lokhu ngokuyinhloko zezindiza. Lapha Alloys magnesium ezisekelwe uyohlala endaweni kuqala ukwanda phakathi zonke izinto zokwakha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isetshenziswa embonini zamakhemikhali ekunciphiseni ejenti ukuthola izinsimbi ezithile kusukela compounds zabo. Ngenxa yokuthi amafomu omlilo magnesium flash enamandla kakhulu, isetshenziswa embonini lempi yokukhiqiza flare, njll kubafuni nezinhlamvu.

Ukulungiselela i-magnesium

Ngokuyinhloko, lena impahla eluhlaza for the chloride kwensimbi. Lokhu kwenziwa electrolysis.

ukuphendula qualitative metal cations

Lena inqubo ekhethekile yakhelwe ukucacisa khona ion into. Ukuze uhlole ngoba khona isixazululo magnesium compounds kungenziwa wanezela nalokhu ye-potassium carbonate noma sodium hydroxide. Ngenxa yalokho, i-kwenze elimhlophe elakhiwa, okuyinto ziyoncibilika kalula acid.

Lapho metal ingatholakala nemvelo?

Lo msuka chemical akuve kuvamile ukuba nemvelo. I uqweqwe cishe amabili angu yakhiwa kwensimbi. Sitholakala ukubunjwa namaminerali amaningi ezifana carnallite, Magnesite, dolomite, talc, asbestos. Formula amaminerali lokuqala libukeka: KCl • MgCl ₂ • 6H ₂ O. Kubonakala njengoba zinhlayiya bluish, pink okhanyayo, ukuphaphatheka umbala obomvu, ugodo ephuzi, noma obala. Magnesite - kuyinto magnesium carbonate, yawo yamakhemikhali ifomula - MgCO _3. It has a umbala omhlophe, kodwa kuncike ukungcola kungaba ompunga, onsundu ngokuphaphathekile noma abe phuzi tint. Dolomite has the chemical fomula elandelayo: MgCO ₃ • Caco _3. Kuyinto aphuzi-grey noma ocher amaminerali kokuba ayebuthaka lwengilazi.

Talc futhi asbestos babe ifomula eziyinkimbinkimbi: 3MgO • 4SiO ₂ • H ₂ O • 2SiO ₂ 3MgO • 2H ₂ O, ngokulandelana. Ngenxa okusezingeni eliphezulu ukushisa ukumelana layo, basuke kabanzi embonini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-magnesium ifakiwe ku ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali isakhiwo cell futhi izinto eziningi eziphilayo. Lokhu sizoxoxa ngakho ngokuningiliziwe.

Indima magnesium emzimbeni

Lo msuka chemical kubalulekile kokubili nezitshalo nezilwane nezidalwa. Magnesium isitshalo umzimba nje kubalulekile. Njengoba nje insimbi ngesisekelo-hemoglobin oyifunayo ekuphileni isilwane, ngoba magnesium esiyinhloko we-chlorophyll, ngaphandle lapho isitshalo ngeke kube khona. Lokhu sombala ehilelekile inqubo ye-photosynthesis lapho amahlamvu kwemiqondo compounds wezinto izakhamzimba. Magnesium ngoba umzimba kwezilwane kuyadingeka kakhulu futhi. ingxenyenamba IMisa timphawu mkhondo iseli - 0.02-0.03%. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kuncane kunjalo, wenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu. Ngenxa isakhiwo isekelwa organelles ezifana mitochondria, obhekene kwezimila amaselula kanye synthesis amandla kanye ribosomes, okuyinto akhiwa amaprotheni adingekayo ukuze ukuphila. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifakiwe Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali enzyme eziningi, okuyizinto ezidingekayo ukuze umzimba intracellular kanye DNA zamagama.

ngokuvamile, uzibuthe kuyadingeka ukuba behlise isidumbu sayo ihileleke umzimba glucose, amafutha kanye ezinye amino acid. Futhi isignali ezinzwa angadluliselwa nge microelement inikezwe. Ngaphezu okungenhla, magnesium eyanele emzimbeni kunciphisa ingozi nesifo senhliziyo, ukumelwa inhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi.

Izimpawu kokuqukethwe high and low emzimbeni womuntu

Magnesium ukuntula kuzibonakalisa umzimba izici eziyisisekelo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophezulu, ukukhathala kanye operability abampofu, ukucasuka futhi ubuthongo ompofu, ukukhohlwa, isiyezi, njalo. Iphinde bangezwa isicanucanu, Ukudlikizela, ukuthuthumela iminwe, ukudideka - lezi izimpawu ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu inzuzo ukudla timphawu trace. Magnesium ukuntula emzimbeni kuholela izifo njalo zokuphefumula, ukuphazamiseka esimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, futhi uhlobo sikashukela yesibili. Ngokulandelako, cabangela okuqukethwe magnesium ukudla. Ukuze ugweme ukuntuleka isidingo sokwazi lokho ukudla okunothe idatha isici zamakhemikhali. Kuyadingeka ukuba acabangele yokuthi abaningi lezi zimpawu futhi kungenzeka uma kunjalo okuphambene - ngokweqile magnesium emzimbeni, kanye nokuntuleka amaminerali, ezifana potassium kanye sodium. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba bayihlole kabusha ekudleni kwakho ngokucophelela futhi baqonde okushiwo inkinga, kungcono kakhulu ukwenza lokhu ngosizo a isazi obhalisiwe.

Okuqukethwe magnesium imikhiqizo

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-elementi esebenzayo ingxenye eyinhloko i-chlorophyll. Ngakho-ke, singaba ukuqagela ukuthi semali yalo iqukethwe oluhlaza: .. Ingabe isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, dill, parsley, cauliflower ne iklabishi, ulethisi, njll Kuyinto futhi eziningi okusanhlamvu, ikakhulukazi nokunye okufana nokolweni namabele ngisho oatmeal nebhali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isici idatha trace ocebile nati: zingabantu cashews, futhi walnuts, namantongomane, futhi hazelnuts, nama-alimondi. Futhi semali kwensimbi eziqukethwe imidumba ezifana nobhontshisi kanye uphizi. Baningi kuqukethwe ukubunjwa ulwelwe, isibonelo kule izimila zasolwandle. Uma ukusetshenziswa mikhiqizo senzeka lemali evamile, khona-ke umzimba wakho ngeke bantule okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi metal sihloko. Uma ungakwazi njalo udle ukudla engenhla, kungcono uthenge lwezakhamzimba, okuhlanganisa lesi sici trace. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba lokho kubalulekile bonana nodokotela wakho kuqala.

isiphetho

Magnesium - omunye izinsimbi ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni. It is kabanzi ezimbonini eziningi - kusukela amakhemikhali ukuze Aerospace nezempi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile kakhulu ngokombono begazi. Ngaphandle-ke ukuba khona kwanoma yisiphi isitshalo noma isilwane eziphilayo. Ngenxa yalesi isici zamakhemikhali, inqubo yenziwa, okunikeza sonke ukuphila planethi - photosynthesis.