Phosphating metal ekhaya

Selokhu Abantu bafunda ukwenza metal esintwini kwaphakama udaba abukhali ukuvikelwa kwemikhiqizo ethathwe ukubhujiswa ukugqwala. Rust - isitha eyinhloko iyiphi indawo metal kube yilolu suku. Zisetshenziswa izindlela okuthuthukisiwe izindlela yokuvikela ukugqwala, ngokuqinisekile kungenzeka ukufezekisa imiphumela Amazing ekulweni zemvelo zamakhemikhali izinqubo. Nokho isiqinisekiso esibanzi nonsusceptibility ukugqwala engenakwenzeka.

Kungenzeka yini ukuba aphathe metal ngokwayo ekhaya?

Kuze kube manje, phakathi nezindlela ezitholakalayo wokuvikela izinto ayoni ethonyeni izici elimazayo uzinake phosphate. Metal emva elihambisana yokusabela chemical iba bafake okusezingeni eliphezulu ukumelana, okuyinto kakhulu yelule ukusetshenziswa kwalo ngqo.

Ukuvikeleka okungcono yensimbi nokugqwala bola kuyinto ebusweni enamathela yayo mncane, okumenza ifilimu ebonakalayo. Ekhaya, izimo phosphate metal kubonakala umsebenzi Herculean ezihlobene isigaba engenakwenzeka. Ngempela, kuphela izindawo zezimboni babe nezinto ezidingekayo kanye reagents edingekayo. Eqinisweni, kuhambisana nemithetho eziyinkimbinkimbi nemibandela ukufeza umphumela oyifunayo can yimuphi umuntu ngaphandle imfundo lobuchwepheshe.

Reagents okudingekayo phosphating

An eyengeziwe inzuzo ekhaya phosphating kuyinto yokusebenza kwalo ngezindlela eziningi: Kumiswa eliqinile le ifilimu zokuzivikela is phezu ephelele cishe zakho konke Alloys ngaphandle ephezulu ingxubevange steel. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ungqimba ebusweni nge stseplivaetsya kakhulu base yensimbi preform. Njengoba izinto ezisetshenziselwa phosphatizing metal:

• manganese;
• zinc;
• yensimbi zikasawoti.

Izinzuzo yensimbi ukwelashwa phosphate

Ubuchwepheshe banamuhla yokusebenzisa phosphate amakhemikhali ukwakheka ivumela ukumboza evele lensimbi ukushuba ubuncane - ngaphansi kuka-5 micrometer. Le ndlela kucutshungulwa yensimbi kuvimbela kokubhujiswa kwalo futhi asivikele umthelela zangaphandle, ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside komkhiqizo metal kuzo zonke izimo, kuhlanganise:

• lapho umswakama ngokweqile;
• ngaphansi kwethonya nolaka chemical kumakhemikhali awuketshezi;
• uma nabo injini amafutha;
• ngaphansi high voltage kagesi;
• njengesisekelo enamathela upende.

Phosphating metal for Umdwebo sizonikeza isivikelo materials, kodwa umkhiqizo usazoba sengozini lapho ihlaselwe isimo esidi noma ane-alikhali. Ngaphezu kwalokho i-staining kwanoma iyiphi yensimbi ebusweni coating yama-materials ukungena ijule ngokungaphezulu zibe izingqimba ifilimu zokuzivikela kokuba ezingeni lelisetulu porosity. I adhesion ngcono surface Alloys - elinye iphuzu omuhle, kukuvumela ukuthi yebo phosphating phambi yokudweba metal.

Ubuchwepheshe nezezimboni phosphating amasu

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nesicelo ungqimba ifilimu, kubalulekile ukuba baqonde indlela yokwakheka medium lapho yensimbi ibekwe. phosphating metal ubuchwepheshe kulandele staining ngopende impahla asifanele ekhaya umsebenzi. Nge "Mazhef" isixazululo izidakamizwa okuwugcwalisile capacitance elalibhekwa njengelikhulu kakhulu ngaleso ibhizinisi, yensimbi camera nge ungqimba elincanyana kakhulu kodwa okuhlala kakhulu futhi ezingokoqobo. encapsulated ngokugcwele phosphating okugeza we metallic sihloko eliwu izinga lokushisa owenqabelayo futhi refluxed ihora. Ngemva kwalokho-ayina uthole, ifilimu inika qinisa ngokugcwele, uqinise, ukuphela kwamanzi electroplate nqubo besebenzisa amadivaysi olwalwenza noma sandblasting.

Ukusebenzisa indlela ngenhla kungaba ngokuthi kulingane kuphela endabeni kucutshungulwa izakhiwo ezinkulu. Okufanayo phosphating amasevisi metal Ngokwenguqulo amahholo yezimboni elendlalekile, izindleko ikhasimende imali esezingeni elifanele.

Indlela yokusingatha ikhaya metal: "abandayo" Electroplating

Ukuze imikhiqizo naphakathi Electroplating ezifanelekayo iphendukele ubuchwepheshe eziyisisekelo. Sikhuluma wali band metal acid phosphating, ukulungiswa elitholakala ngisho ekhaya. Ukuze ukuphendula ngempumelelo kufanele ulandele lokuhlushwa efanele izakhi zamakhemikhali. Okulandelayo izingxenye ikhambi isilinganiso amanani ngempahla (e amagremu) e 1 litre amanzi:

• wali band acid - akukho kuka-40;
• zinc nitrate - 200;
• zinc oxide - 15;
• Sodium sulfate - 8.

Inqubo ngeke kuthathe isikhathi esiningi - ukulungiselela isixazululo kanye ngokushesha chemical yokusabela kuzothatha cishe isigamu sehora. Enye yezimfuneko zokusinda main okufanele ilandelwe ngesikhathi ukucutshungulwa yensimbi, iyona elungile isixazululo okuhlushwa izinga lokushisa (hhayi ngaphansi kuka +18 ° C futhi engekho ngaphezulu kuka +25 ° C). Le ndlela ivumela ukuthola umkhuhlane phosphating metal ekhaya, kodwa okuningi phansi kunabaphostoli ukucutshungulwa izinga yensimbi umkhiqizo kusukela "Mazhef" ukulungiselela - ukushuba esiphezulu ifilimu nomphumela ngokuvamile asisikhulu kunenkosi 5 microns.

phosphating electrochemical yensimbi izingxenye

Iningi nobuchwepheshe ekucubunguleni imikhiqizo metal hola ukuthandwa emsebenzini, ziye zasetshenziswa ngempumelelo nayizimfundamakhwela. Njalo is electrochemical machining nensimbi ebusweni enamathela okusho ifilimu okunokwethenjelwa ngenxa ukusabela electrolyte kanye zamanje. Ngesisekelo isimiso ekusebenzeni le ndlela kuyinto ukusetshenziswa "Mazhef" wali band acid noma izidakamizwa.

Iron workpiece okumelwe phosphated, ukukhwezwa electrode. Ukwakhiwa lehliselwa singene ikhambi okugeza ne olungiselelwe kusengaphambili futhi isetshenziswe njengethuluzi lokubandlulula izinduku anode zinc - nabo kudingeka sikwazi ukuletha ugesi. Ukucubungula ngokunembile isizinda Akubalulekile baphendukela ekusebenziseni ephezulu voltage inethiwekhi, kwanele 25 V AC noma i-DC kagesi.

"Mazhef" - ukwakheka kangcono primer metal phambi yokudweba

phosphating inqubo ithatha isikhathi esifushane - ngokwesilinganiso, kuze kuphele isigamu sehora. Lokhu imishini ilungele ekucubunguleni imikhiqizo naphakathi ngqo. Ukuze izinto design eziyinkimbinkimbi weJiyomethri kufanele bakhethe indlela ehlukile yensimbi phosphate enamathela ukuze ugweme ukusabalalisa engalingani galvanizing ifilimu. Njengoba lisetshenziswe umkhakha nekhaya "Mazhef" kuyinto izinga okusezingeni inhlabathi Ukwakheka kokuba zonke izitifiketi kanye GOST elihambisana. phosphating metal umzimba yezimoto - esinye sezizathu ezijwayeleke kakhulu usebenzisa izinto. Ukuvikela imoto kusuka nokugqwala, "Mazhef" isetshenziswa ngisho kulezo zindawo lapho elidume ezaziwayo, upende ngeke lihlale isikhathi eside (isibonelo, ezansi imoto).

Ukuze uqhubeke ukucutshungulwa metal, ebusweni aqede ukungcola, uthuli, izinhlayiya ibitume futhi kahle degreased. ingxube Ukusebenza ingalungiswa ngokuzimela, kodwa kakhulu ugcine isikhathi futhi ngeke ngokulinganayo ukusabalalisa ifomu aerosol ukukhululwa. Ngakho abanye reagents isetshenziswa insimbi ziphathwe ibhulashi. Kodwa le ndlela yokukhuluma ukusatshalaliswa alisilungele ngokungabi bikho nesipiliyoni priming - Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela isicelo iyunifomu sokuqanjwa phosphate.

Izincomo ekusetshenzisweni kwe-phosphate compounds

Ekwelapheni encane izingxenye zensimbi nge "Mazhefom" sezivuma, futhi kushisa yokuvikela ngocwazi inqubo ifilimu zokuzivikela. Kuvele Ukwakheka okunye bangase bacabange ingxube atholwe zinc nitrate kanye wali band acid. Esikhathini elungiswa kwabo awukwazi umzuzwana bayakhohlwa ngokuqapha nokuphepha eziyisisekelo:

• Kungcono ukugqoka izibuko ezikhethekile zokuzivikela.
• Ukuvimbela ushevu ivelele ngazimbili achithwa abasebenza emgwaqweni noma endlini umoya.
• Lapho beqeda inqubo, geza izandla kumakhemikhali izinhlayiya ungafaki ku nolwelwesi lwamafinyila kwamehlo, umlomo.

Ukwelapha sokugcina ngemva phosphating izingxenye

Ngokuvamile, i-phosphate metal ekhaya akukhona esigabeni sokugcina ukucutshungulwa umkhiqizo. Kusukela porosity isakhiwo kukagesi ifilimu zokuzivikela kungakusiza okwengeziwe ezithinta ukusebenza kanye nokusebenza yayo izakhiwo, ebusweni metal kuyinto passivated. Njengoba izixazululo ukuqinisekisa olubushelelezi futhi evenness ka enamathela, usebenzisa i-potassium dichromate noma sodium dichromate. Ngo inqubo metal kokuqeda kubaluleke kakhulu singalahlekelwa lokushisa ukuziphatha: izifundo nge ifilimu phosphate is egxilile izixazululo 80-degree kanye incubated kubo imizuzu okungenani 20. Ngemva passivation, umkhiqizo ziphathwe lubricating amafutha, bese, isixazululo zikaphethiloli abicah uketshezi isilinganiso 1:10.

Indlela hlola izinga ifilimu zokuzivikela phezu kwensimbi?

Kuwubufakazi bokuthi enamathela nomphumela sifana izici asho, ubhekwa isakhiwo okuncane kanye nenombolo ubuncane ikhule ezimbotsheni. Ukukhiqizwa futhi kunakwe yesisindo ethile ungqimba isicelo: isisindo ifilimu kumele singeqi amagremu amathathu ngalinye 1 square. imitha. phosphating esijwayelekile (ukwelashwa metal kwenzeka emazingeni okushisa abilayo) ikuvumela ukuthola enamathela eqinile kabani ukujiya bengase bazikhandlele 7 microns amakhaza umthelela uhlobo ungqimba galvanizing uya ukujiya ezincane futhi ngalesosizathu has a izinga abampofu.

Amathiphu ambalwa for phosphating: odinga ukukwazi?

Ukuze ngempumelelo phosphating izitshalo metal ukukhiqizwa kubalulekile ukuba banake la maphuzu alandelayo:

• Indlela elula kulungiselelwa unama phosphating, engasetshenziswa ukwelapha izigaba mpo, njengoba kulandela: ukuxubanisa "Mazhef" noma isixazululo esikhashana of wali band acid ne-zinc nitrate nge yamathebhu hlangothi - talc powder, kaolin. Ikhaya - ukugcina ingxenye (3 izingxenye isixazululo ngasinye 2 izidakamizwa crumbly).
• Isixazululo phosphate kungenziwa wanezela izingxenye degreasing - lokhu uyosindisa amandla belungiselela phosphating metal. Ngenxa yale njongo, 1 ilitha lamanzi kuyadingeka ukuze ungeze 45 g we sodium nitrate kanye monophosphate, futhi isipuni kwesigamu yokuwasha. Yekuchumana Chitha isikhathi okugeza phosphating kumele lenyuke kabili.
• Ukuze ususe nokugqwala kusuka metal evele Udinga ukungeza acid wali band polyphosphates eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngcono lokhu isixazululo ukusiza ogelezayo nokumanzisa umphenyi okhethekile - ke kuzosula ebusweni yensimbi.
• Accelerator Phosphating - into wanezela nokubunjwa for ukwelashwa surface. Ngalo, yonke le nqubo ithatha okungenani isikhathi.

Phosphate ukwelashwa yensimbi ezakhiwe kwanoma iyiphi ingxubevange

Uma sicabangela ukuthi ukubambisa ngesikhathi esisodwa eziningana izinqubo phosphating metal kuyinzuzo enkulu hhayi kuphela umkhakha, kodwa futhi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, lokhu umkhakha bangaba endaweni engaba ukuthuthukisa Electroplating yobuchwepheshe obukhona. Ngaphezu wokusindisa zezimali, olubonwa lapho phosphating ekhaya, le ndlela yokwelapha yensimbi unezinye izinzuzo eziningana. Ngokwesibonelo, compounds phosphate ziyakwazi ukuvikela ekubhujisweni hhayi kuphela omnyama kodwa futhi Alloys non-ayoni (ithusi, cadmium, aluminium, nokunye. D.).

Ukuvikela metal kusuka ukugqwala kubangelwa yizici zangaphandle, izimo zezulu, icutshungulwe ngokushesha ngemva wenzuzo. akunangozi kuya metal, yena angeke athweswe, kodwa umkhuba ngokuvamile ozuza ukubaluleka zokuhlobisa - esimweni obeka imikhiqizo yensimbi iphathwa endlini umswakama ngokweqile qwembe bluish bangase bafinyelele phezulu.