St Lawrence Isiqhingi: incazelo, indawo, izithombe

Lesi siqhingi of St. Lawrence - insimu okungokukaNkulunkulu Alaska (USA) kanti itholakala iBering Strait. Waqamba igama layo yokudumisa saint, le Eskimo ekuqaleni walibiza Sivukak.

isikhundla ezindawo

St Lawrence Isiqhingi itholakala eNyakatho Pacific Ocean. Ukujabulisa isikhundla sakhe enza lokho ayikho phakathi Old and Imihlaba okusha, phakathi amazwekazi ezintaba zase-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulesi siqhingi kwakuhlala lapho kwakuphambana khona izilwandle ezimbili - zasePacific naseNyakatho-Arctic, e Sea iBering, okuyinto kolwandle abekelwe emaceleni ezimbili kuyiPacific Ocean. It has izixhumanisi 170 °. d. 63 ° c. w. St Lawrence Isiqhingi isusiwe ku-231 km eningizimu-ntshonalanga kusukela emzini Nome (United States, Alaska). Futhi itholakala 74 km, esenyakatho-mpumalanga Chukotka (Russia, Chukotka Peninsula). Lesi siqhingi km 140 ububanzi - 35 km.

uhlobo

Isimo sezwe bancishwa ezininginingi omelelwa ethafeni anamagquma futhi awalethe ehlukile. Iphuzu esiphezulu lapha - Atuk entabeni - ezingaphezu kuka-670 metres aphezulu. Kuyadingeka ukuba niphathe engokwemvelo - a polynya unomphela. I polynya itholakala ku-iningizimu yesiqhingi. Yena kumiswa linqoba empumalanga futhi umoya enyakatho ngemoto away iqhwa kusukela ogwini olwandle. Isimo sezulu Arctic zasolwandle, ngakho-ke onokhahlo izimo zezulu kuyinto esiqhingini. Izithombe zalezi zindawo zibonisa ukuthi izitshalo lapha uyindlala. Izimila sici zone emathafeni - nezihlahla-okhula ongaphakeme, willow ikakhulu arctic. Ngokungafani flora kukhona nezilwane ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa budebuduze naleli imisinga enamandla ukuthi alethe esiningi plankton, nenhlanzi esishukumisela. inala yokudla edonsela amakoloni ezincelisayo nezinyoni, ukudala lapha rookeries. Minyaka yonke indiza 3 million amasampula ulwandle izinyoni. Yidla lapha uthande black guillemot, i-puffin, guillemot, tridactyl seagull kanye loon.

indaba

indawo abathandwayo akusona isimanga, ngoba lesi siqhingi - kuba lonke wezwe ophakathi amazwekazi amabili. Kungenjalo, ungase uthi, "izwibela" umhlaba ibhuloho. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi kwake kwaba umhlaba sika, lapho lezi zihambi nezakudala beniyingxenye uhambo lwakho ezinsukwini sokulungisa of America.

Lesi siqhingi kwatholakala uhambo Russian eholwa Danish-ozalwa Russian, umkhuzi wamabutho asolwandle Vitus Bering. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-August 1728, ngosuku lapho kwaba khona umkhosi of St. Lawrence.

labantu

Iphuzu elithakazelisayo lelo komnikazi isiqhingi. Abantu lapha avele eminyakeni engaba ngu-2 million edlule. Lawa kwakungamadodana Eskimo kusukela Alaska Chukotka. Manje abantu yuitami ngokuthi - ngaphansi kwegama ulimi, efana amaChukchi. Futhi lokhu akuyona ingozi. Ulimi lwabo namasiko kuyinto zifana kuze kufike izilimi sezizwe Chukotka. I zokuhlala esiqhingini umuntu ezinkathini zomlando nezakudala futhi okuqala ayenalo uhlamvu yesikhashana. Izinkathi zokuhlala kanye kokuhamba kulesi siqhingi balandela omunye komunye, kuye ngokuthi izimo sezulu kanye nokutholakala kwezinsiza sokusinda. Ucwaningo amathambo abantu namazinyo ezitholakala kulesi siqhingi abonisa indlala njalo. Big Island lalisetshenziswa njengesibhedlela phansi ukuzingela, ikakhulu oya ezwekazini sezulu ezolile engafinyelelwa eshelelayo.

ESiberia Yupik abantu zazihlala ezindlini round, ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili. Warm ingxenye yendlu - ophilayo. Ingxenye cool lendlu wawuyizingalo indawo lapho iningi ukwenziwa izindaba kwezomnotho. abantu abayimilutha eqoshiwe bone isilo likhishiwe. Aqoshiwe zambozwa zonke izinto ekhishini. Ikakhulukazi, abazingeli gear kanye izikhali. ESiberia Yupik abantu babekholelwa ukuthi ezitsheni isilwane ukuletha inhlanhla ukuzingela. Ubudlelwano izilwane zinezikhathi yalelozwe Shamanic. Izilwane ziye zasetshenziswa njengezifanekiselo izilwane (ngokuvamile iningi kwaba negwababa, isilwane sasolwandle esikwaziyo futhi ukuphila ngaphandle ezweni esinamazinyo azingxavula, inja). Futhi ubuhlobo izilwane zikleliswe ekhethekile. Ngakho, ukubulala umkhomo ungase ube nje umuntu ayebakhethile umoya lwesilo. Unyango ngokucophelela njengoba isivakashi. Lapho kukhona njalo umuntu samanje, isilwane coaxed umculo neziphuzo. Konke lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abantu laseSiberia Yupik babekholelwa, like the whale abuye kamuva.

Izimpisi killer nama e-izinganekwane inganekwane babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli eyodwa isilwane. Summer - umkhomo killer ebusika - impisi. Esikhathini sawo sokuphila sama ebusika wasiza abazingeli ukubulala njengenyamazane.

labantu

I umhlali sabantu 4000 ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18. It ke kwehle kakhulu kubantu 1,000 futhi inakekelwa ngaleso ezingeni kuze kube yilolu suku. 40% labantu intsha ngaphansi kweminyaka eyi-20. Ukuvela baseMelika Russian futhi kukhona ongakaphathelani ukwehla yezakhamuzi zakulesi siqhingi sika. Icala le indlala, ezimbili kwezintathu Inuit baphoqeleka ukuba baphume baphele esiqhingini. Nokho, Photography, ukufanekisa ukuthi akhona lapha nemizana. Manje kukhona amadolobha amabili: Gambell futhi Savoonga. Bona bahlala kakhulukazi Eskimo.

iziqhingi US

I strait, elise phakathi Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika, emngceleni ophakathi kwala mazwe womabili - Russia nase-United States. Ngakho-ke, esinye seziqhingi - Russian, elinye - American.

St Lawrence Isiqhingi itholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho iBering Sea, engxenyeni eseningizimu yaleli iBering Strait, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye yonke iNhlonhlo Chukotka nasentshonalanga Alaska. Eduze nogu Russian iyisiqhingi of St. Lawrence. Kabani na? Lo mbuzo ungaphendulwa ngale ndlela: sikhuluma nje ingxenye esifundazweni US of Alaska. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinguquko zezombusazwe yathonya iBering Strait, iziqhingi zakhona basukile kwelinye izwe, ngakho manje, ubuka ibalazwe, kulula ukuba lost, yini isimo basonta.

Ngokomlando, kulesi siqhingi kungokwalabo-United States, nakuba kuba eduze Chukotka. Ngo iBering Strait futhi Diomede Island, wathola igama layo yokudumisa saint efanayo. Ngosuku nokumdumisa, zitholakale by V iBering, njengoba esiqhingini St Lawrence. Eyesibili igama Diomede Islands - Isiqhingi ukubethelwa, behlonipha abazalwane, okokuqala sebebashaye kumephu. Big Diomede, elise entshonalanga, ephethwe yi-Russia. isiqhingi Kruzenshtern, elise empumalanga, ngeka-United States. Ngakho, phakathi iziqhingi ezimbili liwumngcele uthi. Kumayelana Kudala iBering Strait. Fairway (eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Diomede Islands), okuqondene-United States.

yomthetho wokuphatha

Lwekuphatfwa ngalokuyimphumelelo lesi siqhingi ezonini Census Nome, okuyinto yena, ingxenye enye iyunithi indawo - angahlelekile Borough. Lena iyunithi ethize zokuphatha, ekhona e-Alaska. Wadala ezindaweni lapho izakhamuzi eziningi ezincane, self-ukuhlela akunakwenzeka, kodwa ukubalwa kwabantu kuyadingeka. Ukuze kube lula Boro angahlelekile Alaska ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye 11, enye yazo yathi zone Nom. Izakhamuzi cishe ngokulinganayo basakaza phakathi emadolobheni amabili - Gambell futhi Savoonga. Igama Gambell emzaneni yethiwa uthisha bokuqala esiqhingini, owafa nawo wonke umkhaya wakhe isiphepho esinamandla emkhunjini "Dzheyn Gray" e 1898. Okunye nemizana akuzona lapha. Nakuba ukuncintisana phakathi amadolobha ukuze badlondlobale khona, emzini Gambell kuze 1898 inhlekelele kwaba osesikhundleni Sivukak Eskimo, like sonke isiqhingi, okuyinto namanje ulunika anencazelo ekhethekile.

Imisebenzi abakhileyo esiqhingini

Izakhamuzi siqhingi wahlanganyela ukudoba, kitoboystvom, ithambo eqoshwe. izinyo lendlovu Eqoshiwe manje akuyona benamandla oberezhnym ezifana okusho njengakuqala. Manje kuyathandeka eziyisikhumbuzo ukudayiswa. Futhi, abahlali abuthele izithelo kanye amaqanda yezinyoni lwandle oluthukuthele. Reindeer ezaziphila ngokufuya likhona, kodwa umsebenzi empeleni esasisesisha, ngemva ukungeniswa inyamazane esiqhingini. Bowhead imikhomo kuthiwa misela lapha izamba ezinje ukuthi uhlala endaweni Savoonga ubizwa nangokuthi "inhlokodolobha whale zomhlaba." Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphatha yonyaka Umkhomo Festival.

Ngezinye izikhathi izivakashi ukuvakashela kulesi siqhingi, bakhangwa emathuneni ishiywe lwemikhumbi. ukubukwa Scenic ka amathambo Dead phakathi ezingwini nokhahlo abandayo kusenzo isithombe.

Lesi siqhingi ne-United States

Esikhathini kusuka 1952 kuya ku-1972, ingxenye yesiqhingi komhlaba okuqondene amasosha aseMelika.

Abantu endaweni engenabantu kulesi siqhingi iqhaza eMpini Yezwe II - babeke basebenza Alaska Wendawo Ukuvikelwa (ATG). Ngo-1947, iyunithi yahlakazeka. Futhi ngo-1952, abantu bakulezi ziqhingi aqhubeka iqhaza ukuvikela esiqhingini owenziwa Alaska National Guard. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukwakha isiteshi radar BBC, eyayintula isimo avaliwe.

Ngesikhathi exacerbation of ukungqubuzana eU.SSR US kulesi sigameko iBering Strait iphutha. 22.06.1955 fighter ezimbili Soviet wadubula phansi US hlola izindiza ukulungiswa. Amatilosi lalinabashumayeli abantu nanye. Ezintathu kuzo balimala kule amabhomu, futhi ezine ngaphezulu ekwindla. Ilondolozwe Kahle imibhalo zamanxusa, ngawo ukuthi ukuthi uhulumeni wamaSoviet ibhekwa sigameko ngokuthula eyaziwa, kodwa lonke iqiniso engakaze watshela.

Yize indiza kwaba phezu endaweni ye-USSR futhi kwaba skirmish, ezempi Russian wazibulala ukuze enze noma yiziphi izenzo emazweni aphesheya. Futhi ukuzimisela uhulumeni wamaSoviet ukuze buyisela kwesigamu umonakalo US kwakuwukubonakaliswa kokukhishwa isimo esinokuthula. Ikakhulukazi selokhu yacacisa ukuthi kukhona ngesikhathi kudutshulwana ngosuku liguqubele lapho wonke umuntu zingahambi kahle ngenxa ukubonakala ongaphakeme. Lesi sehlakalo saba ixazululwe.

Radar esiteshini, sise komunye umkhawulo isiqhingi, kwaba into US Air Force futhi kwenziwe aerokontrol kanye lokuvikela esiteshini zokuqapha. Kule ndawo amakhulu eminyaka ngokwesiko possessed yokupaka Kweminye imindeni Inuit. Esikhathini esithile ngemva kokuvalwa esiteshini, ezempilo eziya ziba zimbi livele sabantu. Umdlavuza nezinye izifo kubantu ekhulele endaweni, kwenzeka kaningi. It kuyaqhubeka kuze kube manje, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi e-United States waba Uhlelo ebizayo wokuhlanza indawo yokuchitheka esiteshini. Izimpawu zokubekisa zase anobuthi PCB. Monitoring uyaqhubeka.

Ngemuva kokushiya labantu lempi wayenalo ilungelo lokwenza ukuqhuba kumbiwa amathambo ngoba ukuqoba, okuyinto ezimbili "ithambo imigodi" iye efunde omningi impumuzo kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka. Futhi abantu banikwa ilungelo lokudoba kanye ezincelisayo zasolwandle kulezi zindawo. Ukuthola amalungelo nomthelela emphakathini.