Indlela ukuqhathanisa-ngokomlando yezilimi

Zomlando ulwazi indlela kuhlanganisa ezihlukahlukene. Esebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene wenziwa cognition izenzakalo elithile noma ngenye indlela.

indlela ukuqhathanisa-zomlando - ke indlela yesayensi, okuyinto kunqunywa usebenzisa "jikelele" futhi "elikhethekile" asho into. Ngalo niyolazi izigaba ezahlukene ekuthuthukiseni ezimbili ezihlukene noma omunye Lomkhuba efanayo.

indlela ukuqhathanisa-emlandweni eyenza kube lula ukubona bese uqhathanisa izinguquko ezenzeke ukuthuthukiswa into cwaningo, kanye ukuhlonza izindawo ngoba intuthuko eyengeziwe.

Ochwepheshe uhlukanise zenyathi eziningana zale nqubo cognition. Ngakho, kukhona indlela yokuqhathanisa ukuqhathanisa (ukwambulwa ubunjalo izinto), zomlando typological (wachaza ngokuya izimo yentuthuko kanye nesisekelo-ukufana imihlola akuhlobene ngokuzalwa), zomlando zofuzo (cabanga futhi ukukhomba ukufana esekelwe nokuzwelana ngu imvelaphi). Futhi angawodwa njengoba indlela yokwazi, lapho kulinganiselwa ithonya mutual imihlola ezahlukene.

indlela ukuqhathanisa-zomlando iqoqo amasu ngawo ukufakazela ubuhlobo izilimi ezithile ukubuyisela amaqiniso kusukela umlando ukuthuthukiswa yabo. It yadalwa ngale ndlela yolwazi ekhulwini le-19. abasunguli zako ziyizindlela ososayensi oluvelele (Alexander Vostokov, uJakobe Grimm, Franz Bopp, Rasmus Rusk).

Ezinye izilimi zingase avele amazwi afanayo. Lokhu kungenxa kwemali. Kukhona labo akuvamile kudlule kolunye ulimi eyiswa kolunye. Lezi zihlanganisa, isibonelo, tiphawulo ukuthi isho izimpawu kakhulu elula, amagama izingxenye zomzimba nokunye. Ukuphela amazwi inflected esuka kolunye ulimi eyiswa kolunye asibahambeli. Nokho, ngokuvamile efanayo. Ngokwabacwaningi, isizathu siwukuthi abesifazane lawa yi ekupheleni ukuthuthukiswa omunye igama, kuyilapho bona izilimi lapho zikhona, ziyizizukulwane zika "yesiqalo ephathelene nokudabuka olimi".

indlela ukuqhathanisa-zomlando kuhlanganisa izindlela eziningana uphenyo.

Ngokuvamile esetshenziswa yokwamukela nokwakha kabusha angaphandle. Limelela ukuhlonza amazwi zofuzo ezifanayo futhi morphemes ngezilimi ahlobene. Ngesikhathi esifanayo bathola imiphumela izinguquko avamile e umsindo ulimi lomthombo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sisebenzisa indlela yokwakha umfanekiso wolimi lokuqala okwaqala yezinto kanye nemithetho kokuhoxiswa kokuhlelwa morphemes ezithile inzalo. Uma ulondoloza ngempela inqwaba morphemes ahlobene hhayi oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu emlandweni ifonotiki wozalo luka imiphumela izinguquko umsindo ukwenza njenge ukuvumelana phakathi kwezilimi ezihlobene. Kwelinye icala, ukuhlonza ushintsho umsindo kungenzeka kuphela ukuvuselelwa izigaba Lesisemkhatsini yentuthuko. Kulesi yesiqalo ephathelene nokudabuka wafunda amaqembu kanye subgroups ku umndeni izilimi.

Lisetshenziswa njengendlela yokwamukela umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo yangaphakathi. Kulokhu, embule isakhiwo okungu lolimi oluthize kanye izenzakalo ezibonisa ngokucacile ukuthi kukhona ezinye izingxenye uhlelo kusaqalwa sokuthuthuka.

Kukhona indlela Luhlatiyo emagama labolekiwe.

Kwezinye izimo, abacwaningi ekhishwe ulwazi kusuka database amagama endaweni. Isithombe nokwakha kabusha zithinta wonke uhlelo izinhlangothi Ulimi: morphonology, phonology, lucebe, morphological,-syntax (ngezinga elithile). Ndawonye nale onobuhle etholakala ayikwazi akhiwa ngqo yesiqalo ephathelene nokudabuka ayekhona ngokoqobo. umsebenzi wokwakha kabusha Bafunde zibonisa kuphela ulwazi ngakho, okuyinto nakanjani ayiphelele, ngenxa ukungakwazi lokuphinda ukuphikiswa lwemisindvo, izimpande, njll, wanyamalala ngazo zonke izilimi okwalandela.