Izikhonzi ubugebengu emthethweni lobugebengu: umqondo, izinhlobo, izimpawu. kuncike Special lobugebengu umthetho lobugebengu nalokho okukushoyo. Into futhi ngale ndaba yobugebengu emthethweni lobugebengu

Ubugebengu - isenzo iyingozi emphakathini - abenziwe abantu abathile. Esimweni ngasinye, bathola izici ngamunye eziphathelene kokunye izici lowo owenze lokho. Umqondo ubugebengu kuncike yomthetho lobugebengu Russia ehlanganisa izakhiwo ejwayelekile kakhulu umuntu wenza icala. Ake sihlole kubo ngokuningiliziwe.

Izikhonzi ubugebengu: umqondo kanye nezici

umthetho Criminal bakha izici ezithile agcwele umuntu kube nokuziphendulela. isephulamthetho emthethweni lobugebengu we Russian Federation ingenye izigaba ezisemqoka. Kuyinto eyinkimbinkimbi izici. Esikhathini engekho noma isiphi isixhumanisi ohlelweni umuntu angeke aphethwe nesibopho. Inkinga ye-ndaba yobugebengu emthethweni lobugebengu esigabeni samanje yentuthuko imfundiso engokomthetho ezihlobene ukusungulwa ingqondo umuntu wakhuliswa njengomKatolika umsolwa. Nokho, lokhu akulona udaba kuphela lihlotshaniswa nobunzima.

Into futhi ngale ndaba yobugebengu emthethweni lobugebengu

Ngo iyiphi ingxenye isenzo izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko samanje. Bona elichaza into futhi isihloko ubugebengu. Ngokomthetho lobugebengu, lelo lungiselelo ubhekwa kuphoqelekile bonke abasebenzi. Enye ingxenye uchaza into lapho sokwephulwa kwe izimisele. Ngokwesibonelo, kungaba impilo, impahla, ukuphila, kwesokudla. Ingxenye yesibili iphatha kumuntu ophathiswe umthwalo wokunakekelwa isenzo. It lizokwenza, isibonelo, criteria ezifana khona kanye nohlobo ngenhloso. Isephulamthetho emthethweni lobugebengu we Russian Federation kuyinto ephilayo ngabanye. Ngokusho Art. 5 Criminal Code, akunakwenzeka ukushushisa inhlangano (esemthethweni), isilwane, into engaphili. Umthetho ubopha umthwalo kwamandla isakhamuzi, isephulamthetho, abazi izenzo zabo, ukuze azilawule. Lezi zici Unamadoda kuphela. Endabeni kushushiswa izinhlangano ezingokomthetho ngaphansi Criminal Code ngezinhloso isijeziso (ukuvimbela izenzo ezintsha yokulungiswa bopha) kuyoba lungafinyeleleki. Sibangelwa yokuthi esifanayo, liqukethe yokuthi unswinyo lobugebengu zihloselwe ukuba nomthelela kuphela abantu.

Ikhono ukuqaphela izenzo

Umqondo ndaba yobugebengu emthethweni lobugebengu kuyinto eduze okuhlobene umthamo. Ikhono ukuqonda izenzo zabo siqu futhi ulawule kubo uvele wena matfupha evamile ngokwengqondo akuyona kusukela ekuzalweni. Umnyaka elikhulu yokufuna - engu-16. Kuleli qophelo, umuntu usevele unalo ulwazi oluthile nenqubo indlela abheka ngayo izinto akhiwa Imibono. Eminyakeni 16, kukhona ikhono uzwisise imvelo izenzo zabo zokuziphatha ngokuya iwusizo kwabanye. Isihloko ubugebengu, ngaleyo ndlela, ukhonza umuntu owenza isenzo ukuthi kwakha usongo emphakathini, futhi kungaba, ngomthetho, kube umthwalo walokho.

zenzo zobugebengu

Lusebenza izakhamuzi, abafokazi futhi abantu ngaphandle yisakhamuzi. abameleli Yokusebenzelana Kwamazwe Omhlaba kanye nezinye izinhlangano benawo amasosha omzimba lapho ubugebengu ensimini ka Russia zizabalomlandu ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe. Lesi simo sanikeza e Art. amahora 11. 4 CC. Ukuba khona amasosha omzimba kusuka icala, ngokuhambisana nomthetho yasekhaya alisho ukuthi uma ukwephulwa yamazinga, abantu abanjalo ngeke usebenze njengoba ejenti yobugebengu. Ngokomthetho lobugebengu, kuvumelekile Ezimweni ezinjalo, yokukhululeka athwale icala ngezizathu okungezona nokuvuselela.

nenqubo

Izimpawu isephulamthetho emthethweni lobugebengu okulandelayo:

1. Ukufinyelela yobudala ethile.
2. Ngamunye.
3. Sanity.

Lezi zimpawu zokuhlola ezibhekwa ebalulekile. They possess phi ngobugebengu ku umthetho lobugebengu Russian. Ngaphezu nenqubo eziyisisekelo, ngilahliwe futhi ozikhethela. Sinenkosi isihloko ekhethekile yobugebengu. Ngokomthetho lobugebengu enikeziwe abantu abanjalo, avame ukuba isijeziso esiqatha.

ubudala

izakhamuzi Juvenile akakwazi ukukhonza njengoba izikhonzi ubugebengu. Ngokomthetho lobugebengu, isisekelo sokusungula iminyaka umuntu kungaba kona-, kukhona ezingeni ezincane ukwazi. Abancane kungase kungabi ngokwanele ukuqaphela izenzo zabo futhi ulawule ukuziphatha kwakhe. Criminal umahluko indlela yombuzo yokunquma ubudala lapho izakhamuzi kungenziwa abathintekayo njengezikhonzi zoMbuso ubugebengu. Ngokomthetho zobugebengu, ngoba iningi izenzo setha wemfanelo ngokugcwele iminyaka engu-16. Nokho, Ikhodi inikeza ezihlokweni eziningi lapho ubuncane beminyaka lehliselwa iminyaka engu-14. Lezi zihlanganisa, isibonelo, faka lento. 105 (ukubulala), Art. 131 (ukudlwengula), st.205 (ubuphekula), kanye nabanye (ingqikithi izihloko 20). Zonke lezi zenzo ezibhekwa ngenhloso. Ukunciphisa ubuncane beminyaka kubangelwa eyingozi zomphakathi zalezi amacala.

ngaphandle

Ngenxa yokuthi wabona ukuthi isimiso zobuntu futhi ubulungisa khulumela izinga lapho izingane eziye zaphetha ubudala okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla, kodwa izimpawu ukusalela kwengqondo (asibangwa isifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo), akumele ukuba azibandakanye njengoba owenze lokho. Ngokomthetho lobugebengu, imfuneko isicelo yenhlawulo ku lowo okonile ukukhonza ikhono lakhe ukuqonda ukuziphatha kwabo futhi uwaphathe. Endabeni engenhla, ngenxa lag ekuthuthukiseni lomuntu akanawo amandla ngesikhathi ukwenza isenzo.

abadala

Kwezinye izimo, bangakwazi kuphela ukukhonza njengoba izikhonzi ubugebengu. Ngokomthetho lobugebengu, nomkhosi wokuhlanganisa iminyaka engu-18 ubunjalo ekhethekile izenzo ezihlobene. Bangenza labo Usufike engu-18 kuphela. Ngu izenzo ezinjalo, isibonelo, zihlanganise ingane imisebenti yebugebengu noma ezinye 'idla yodwa, futhi ukugwema sezinye izinkonzo ezempi kanye nokunye.

ngaphezu kwalokho

Ezinye izingoma oluhambisana yobudala amadala. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokwenza isinqumo ngamabomu emthethweni noma esinye isenzo angase ajeziswe ijaji kuphela. Okungukuthi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, lo muntu kufanele zifinyelele eminyakeni engu-25 okungenani. imikhawulo Ephakeme ayisibonelo odokotela, okaputeni bemikhumbi. Ngakho, engu iyakwazi ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo izinhlangano zobugebengu. Ngokomthetho lobugebengu wonke izingoma zinezikhathi nenqubo eziyisisekelo. izici engeziwe uvumele ukwaba ezinye izenzo e wodwana. Ibizwa ngokuthi ekhethekile.

engu-ukusungulwa

Ngezinye nenchazelo kubalulekile ukubone ngokuthe ngqo inombolo, nonyaka nenyanga yokuzalwa. Ezimweni ekhethekile, ubuchwepheshe esetshenziswa. Nengane uyavuma efinyelela eminyakeni engu efanele, ngokuhambisana umbono uchwepheshe enanini iminyaka okungenani. Uma usuku lokuzalwa kwakhe ayaziwa, ukubala iqala kusukela osukwini olungemva usuku olusemthethweni lokuzalwa. Uma ochwepheshe kuyothiwa kuphela ngonyaka, usuku lokuzalwa kuyoba usuku lokugcina kulo nyaka.

ingqondo

Lona omunye umbandela kudingekile, okumele babe lowo owenze lokho. Emthethweni lobugebengu we Russian Federation ukuze bajeziswe ngezenzo zabo can kuphela umuntu Sane. imithi yokwelashwa ayimpoqo singasebenza izakhamuzi kokunganaki. It akubhekwa isijeziso. Sanity ibizwa ngokuthi isimo sengqondo esingenza kube lula ngomuntu ngokuhamba ukwenza isenzo uyakwazi ukuqonda ubunjalo izenzo bese uphatha. It engesiye kuphela ilemuko lokubaluleka langempela, kodwa futhi ngetenhlalo nemagugu izenzo uyaqaphela abaqondiswa yiyo. Kuyinto eyinqaba kuphela zempilo engokwengqondo kubantu ngokugcwele engqondweni.

zindlela Medical zomthetho kanye

Zisetshenziswa umthetho lobugebengu ukuchaza ukungaphili engqondweni. umbandela Legal kunqunywa yinkantolo. UKhomishana ukuze kuhlolwe esigebengwini icala umzimba ucubungula umuntu wenza isenzo, njengoba ukungakwazi uzwisise imvelo izenzo zokuziphatha ukuziqondisa. Ngokusho zindlela zokwelapha izizathu kwesimo esinjalo. Njengoba, ikakhulukati, buhlungu engqondo, ukubambezeleka zentuthuko. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akuzona zonke ukwephulwa saziwa njengophawu ukungaphili engqondweni. Ziyabhekelelwa kuphela labo bophezela ukoniwa kuvimbela umuntu ukuba baqaphe ukuziphatha kwabo. Ngokwesibonelo, lowo okonile wabonisa izimpawu retardation engqondo, omnene retardation esiteji. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, lesi sifo akusho ngaphandle ukuthi kungenzeka izakhamuzi ukuqonda ingozi yezenzo zakhe futhi ikhono ukuba babahole. Ngokusekelwe umbono wezazi, inkantolo ibona inhlangano wemfanelo.

kuncike Special zobugebengu emthethweni lobugebengu

Kanye efanele ingqondo kanye nobudala isibopho sezomthetho isephulamthetho kungase kudingeke njengoba kwathiwa ngenhla, izici ezengeziwe. Abakwazi icaciswe umthetho noma ilungelo uqhubeke kusukela kwezinkambiso. Lezi zici anciphise uhla izinhlangano ezingase zihileleke ngamacala athile. Lemibandela kukhona ngaphandle kwenkululeko izidingo jikelele. Basuke izimpawu ezihlukahlukene izakhiwo isakhamuzi.

Isenzo sokunqophisa izingoma

Sivumele isishaya-mthetho washayelwa wemfanelo okhethekile maqondana nemithetho ethile. Lokhu kungenxa yezizathu eziningana. Kwasekuqaleni, kuphela izifundo ezithile kungenza ubugebengu ngempela ezithile. Inombolo yezenzo ukufinyelela ezingeni ingozi emphakathini, okwenza isidingo ukusebenzisa isiyalo esinzima, kuphela uma kwenziwe kumuntu onesifo letitsite. Ngokwesibonelo, akazange athathe isifumbathiso ungathola, hhayi ezisemthethweni. Kodwa kuphakama ingozi umphakathi kuphela lapho abasolekayo umsebenzi xhumelela nhlangano njengoba ukuziphatha okufana destabilizes ukusebenza evamile isakhiwo amandla.

Indima izici

Inani wezomthetho ndaba yobugebengu emthethweni lobugebengu luphakanyiswa nge criteria ezengeziwe. Indima ezivamile (ezivamile kubo bonke ukwakhiwa) kanye izici ekhethekile zihlukile. Ngakho, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinhlelo ezibanzi okungenani omunye izimpawu ezivamile lobugebengu akuyona kwakhiwa. Isimo siba esihlukile ne nenqubo. Uma izakhiwo kungukuthi kwembulwe kuncike ekhethekile, kwezinye izimo, necala lobugebengu ayifakiwe ngokuphelele, abanye - kuphela washintsha ziqu yobugebengu.

Ukwahlukanisa nenqubo

Izici ezikhethekile kungenzeka ahlukaniswe ngezizathu ezifana:

1. Ubulili.
2. Ubuzwe (isakhamuzi, owezizwe, umuntu lizwe ababhekwa njengezakhamuzi zalo).
3. Emshadweni isimo (izingane, abazali noma abantu esikhundleni kubo).
4. Indlela empini.
5. isimo uJobe.
6. imisebenzi Professional.
7. Isimo ekhethekile elihlobene ne-ikhomishana icala lobugebengu (icala sina, isigwebo, recidivist, odonsa eside esitokisini).
8. Ubunjalo umsebenzi owawenziwa (ilungu lekomidi zokhetho, umsebenzi kabani umsebenzi kuza kulwazi akha imfihlo isimo, umdayisi).

Ukuthuthukiswa komthetho ophathelene nokwelelesa bezilokhu ephelezelwa umkhuba engaguquki ukwandisa isibalo izitimela nge amabhizinisi akhethekile zindlela. KweKhodi likhona u-40% kulezi zihloko. I ekhethekile okuyingxenye 2 yakhiwa ikhanda lapho lesi simiso kumigomo efanele. Lezi zihlanganisa, ngokukhethekile, zihlanganisa amacala ayebekwe kwemandla embuso, izithakazelo kwahulumeni imisebenzi kuziphathimandla inkonzo yezempi.