Article 283 Criminal Code: ukudalulwa izimfihlo isimo

Ukudalulwa kolwazi akha imfihlo isimo, isihloko okuyinto ayiphathisiwe noma kwaziwa ngokuqondene nenkonzo yakhe, cwaningo, emsebenzini noma kwezinye izimo aqiniswa iziqondiso kuhilelani izinhlawulo lobugebengu. Isetshenziselwa lapho lokhu kwaziswa yaziwa besithathu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo njengengxenye isenzo kufanele kube mahhala izimpawu zobugebengu, kuchazwa Art. 275, 276 we Criminal Code.

Isijeziso akhiphe izimfihlo isimo

Art. 283 Criminal Code for ukoniwa amasethi:

1. Ababoshwe izinyanga 4-6.
2. Ukuboshwa kuze iminyaka 4.

Ngaphezu ejele kungase ingabalelwa kuya ukuvinjelwa komsebenzi noma ukuchayeka izikhundla kuchazwe inkantolo, kuze iminyaka 3.

isakhiwo labafanelekako

Umuntu onecala ukudalulwa izimfihlo isimo angase toughened uma bophezela imprudence kuhilelani negalelo elinzima. Kulokhu, lowo okonile ezisengozini ngokuvalelwa ejele iminyaka 3-7. Kulokhu, ngaphezu kwalokho, inkantolo ingakhipha sithi ukuvinjelwa ukuhlala izikhundla ezithile noma usebenzise umsebenzi othize isikhathi engu-3.

ifomu izenzo

isimo ukuvezwa imfihlo kungenziwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Ngo practice, ezivamile amafomu alandelayo:

1. Ukubhala. Ngokwesibonelo, kungase yanyatheliswa ngo abezindaba, ukuthumela ama-imeyili, kanye nokunye.
2. Oral. ukuvezwa izimfihlo isimo engenziwa ngesikhathi ingxoxo yangasese noma ngenkathi enza umsebenzi womphakathi.
3. Phakathi ukuboniswa lezinto, imidwebo, imidwebo, kufaka phakathi ulwazi ivikelwe umthetho.

isimo ukuvezwa imfihlo kungenziwa uma ukulahlekelwa amadokhumenti aqukethe ulwazi olubucayi, kanye nendlela abasebenza ngayo ukusetshenziswa ukuhlukumeza.

amazwana

Avuzayo izimfihlo state isenzo esiyingozi emphakathini. Usongo itholakala lokuthi ukuthi ulwazi imfihlo aphume indawo yabo futhi kungaba kamuva usetshenziselwe nokuhlaselwa ukuphepha ngaphakathi nangaphandle, kanye nezinye izintshisekelo ebalulekile yezwe. Njengoba into izenzo, ngokufanele, ukuphepha idatha. Isihloko ubugebengu ulwazi akha imfihlo isimo.

Inhloso

On nganeno ubugebengu uboniswe ukuvezwa ngokushesha ulwazi, okuyinto kubhekwa imfihlo isimo. Ngaphansi kwawo kumele aqondwe njengokufaka i ukuvezwa emthethweni kolwazi, lapho laba impahla yabantwana izifundo angaphandle. Ziyakwazi abantu ngubani, ngenxa yemithwalo yabo noma ubunjalo umsebenzi akanayo ukufinyelela idatha efana.

Imininingwane yalolu ubugebengu

Elibanzi ukuze uveze izimfihlo isimo Criminal Code Ngokuqondene njengoba izenzo ezahlukene ngenxa okuyinto ulwazi imfihlo itholakala izinkampani okungagunyaziwe. Lokhu kungenzeka lapho:

• inkulumo emphakathini.
• Private, ingxoxo eyimfihlo.
• Ukuxhumana.
• Imiboniso izihloko, imidwebo, imidwebo.
• Bonisa imibhalo.
• Ukulahlekelwa washonaphi amanothibhuku nezincwadi nge izingxenyana ezicashunwe amaphepha imfihlo nokunye.

Ndawonye nale ukuvezwa kungaba kwenziwe izimfihlo isimo futhi okungasebenzi. Lokhu, ikakhulukazi, iqhutshwa phezu Ukuyekwa engalawuliwe icala ngesikhathi sakhe amatafula emsebenzini, amadokhumenti, imikhiqizo, izikimu endaweni lapho lezi zingase zikwazi ukufinyelela ngaphandle kwezithikamezo izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe. Uma, ngenxa yezizathu ukuthi musa zincike intando isephulamthetho, okungagunyaziwe ukudalulwa ngenhloso izimfihlo isimo engakaze athathwe, Criminal Code libabiza ukoniwa njengoba ubugebengu ukubulala. Lesi simo kwenzeka, isibonelo, ngenxa yokuntula ulwazi lomunye eyodwa ulimi kazwelonke, ukudakwa yayo eqinile, izithulu nokunye. Isenzo kubhekwa zipheleliswa mzuzu bezibona nomuntu okungagunyaziwe ukudalula ulwazi. Kwanele ukuba siqonde incazelo jikelele ulwazi kuncike aniqondi enemininingwane.

isizinda normative

Inqubo, owawuthi kulondolozwe ulwazi lokuphepha ukuthi kukhona izimfihlo isimo, kulawulwa uMthetho Federal №5485-1, idatha ebhekisela imithetho lamadigri ekusithekeni, kanye nohlu lolwazi ivikelwe umthetho obuhlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo yeziqondiso ngesimo iziqondiso, imiyalo, izimemezelo, nokunye. Kule ndaba, ngesikhathi kuphenywe amaqiniso kuyadingeka ukuze uthole ukuthi iqondeni uhlobo ulwazi emphakathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele abone nezimfuneko ezithile, ezingazange wahlangana. Izinga ubumfihlo idatha esabekwa ukuqhathanisa zabo iziqondiso sisebenza kuleli zwe. okuqotho kungase kwenziwe, uma kunesidingo.

I subjective ingxenye

Lobu bugebengu kusikisela iphutha ngenhloso noma budedengu. Izincwadi zomthetho, kunemibono eziningana ngale ndaba. Ngokucacile, abanye abalobi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuvezwa owaziwa imfihlo isimo, kungenzeka kube nenhloso awenzanga iphutha kuphela. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, umbono onjalo kubangelwa semantic futhi yokuhlela ukuqonda olungalungile yobuciko. amahora angu-24. 2 ikhodi. Leli phuzu kudinga ukulungiswa umthetho noma ukucaciseleka kwelanga.

ngenhloso

Uma into eqondile, isihloko, eqaphela ingozi indlela yokuziphatha emphakathini elihlobene ne-ukudalulwa izimfihlo isimo, kusikisela ukuthi ulwazi izotholwa kwalabo angaphandle, futhi ufuna ke. Ngokwesibonelo, leli fomu wecala elikhona, noma loko koniwa uzibophezele nengxoxo oluyimfihlo nge abathandekayo isihlobo noma omunye. Uma isihloko izenzo ngenhloso ngokungaqondile, ukuthi uyasiqonda isimo umphakathi ngokumkhanda ukuziphatha kwabo, ke esebona ukuthi ulwazi kuyimfihlo isimo, kungenzeka babe impahla yabanye abantu, izakhamuzi zakwamanye amazwe. Kulokhu, isephulamthetho uyavuma ukuthi idatha ebucayi uzobe ziqondakala kubo njengoba uyalandisa kule nandaba Empeleni. Ngakho, kulinganiselwa ingxoxo ozakwabo at izihloko avaliwe ezokuthutha zomphakathi nge ivolumu, okuyinto ayavuma ukuthi ulwazi izawulalelwa bangaphandle, ukufunda ngokuzwakalayo imibhalo noma ingxoxo ka nezindaba ezindaweni singenele umsindo-proofed, ushiya ehhovisi lakhe, elingasebenza faka nabanye abantu , emagrafu, emashadi, emathebula, kanjalonjalo.

ngobudedengu

Ukudalulwa izimfihlo isimo singenzeka ngenxa yokushayela budedengu noma umthetho. Njengomthetho, lubonakaliswa ngokubhala uma ukwenza amakhophi amadokhumende equkethe ulwazi imfihlo, overwrites idatha nalo amanothiphedi, izinto zokubhalela amashidi ehlukile, okungase kamuva izolahleka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi ngamabomu, futhi ukuvezwa abanganaki singenzeka nemiphumela kuyindaba eqakathekileko.

izisusa

Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, izakhamuzi bayahamba ukudalula imfihlo isimo ngenxa ukuqhosha. Injongo isenzo siphumelelisa loku isifiso ukukhombisa bangaphandle ulwazi lokwenza umsebenzi kanye ayasiqaphela, igcizelela ukubaluleka labahlanganyela ngayo inqubo ukuxazulula izinkinga ezingokoqobo. At inhliziyo nezisusa kungase umsuka nezinye isisusa umfutho. Ngokwesibonelo, isihloko, ukudalula izimfihlo isimo, ufuna ukusiza umngane, ukucwaninga, noma ukulungiselela izinkulumo zakhe.

ingxenye amabili

Kuchaza isakhiwo icala labafanelekako. Baqaphela ukoniwa efanayo, okuboniswe e amahora. 1, Art. 283, kodwa kubangelwa emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu ngenxa yobudedengu. Babonakala:

• Shintsha ulwazi anawo angaphandle namasevisi intelligence ngesikhathi.
• Ukuphazamiseka izenzakalo eziphawulekayo.
• Ukumiswa ucwaningo ethembisa kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe nokunye.

Kulokhu, iphutha kungaba zokunganaki. Lokhu kushiwo uqobo imizwa kubhekwa njengento evamile.

Ngokungafani gosizmeny

Ukudalulwa kolwazi oluyimfihlo olubekwa kuphela ngenhloso ngokungaqondile noma ngqo. Kulo mBhalo kunengqondo embuzweni kuphakama, lokho lihlukile ukudalulwa ukuvukela umbuso, okuyinto lubonakaliswa ubunhloli? Okokuqala, kufanele uqaphele okuqukethwe ethile ngenhloso kanye nohlobo isenzo uqobo. Ukuyibhala bayavukela isihloko uyaqaphela okuhambisa idatha ebucayi omele wamanye amazwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo yena uyaqaphela ufuna ukwenza lokhu ngenjongo imisebenzi nobutha ukulimaza Russia. Lapho ukudalula oluyimfihlo Imininingwane isephulamthetho uyaqaphela ukuthi ihlinzeka ukhishwa inyumbazane, kodwa abamele kwamanye amazwe.