Imvelo yasendle yase-Ukraine. Izikhumbuzo zemvelo yase-Ukraine

Ukuvakashela i-Ukraine okungenani kanye, akunakwenzeka ukuhlala ungenandaba nomcebo wayo wemvelo, futhi unikezwe ukuvumelana nobuhle bezinhlobo zokuvula, kubonakala sengathi ama-Ukraine anenhlanhla yokuhlala epharadesi. Imvelo ye-Ukraine iyinhlangano esemqoka yezwe. Iningi lensimu ayithinti kuphela amahlathi, kodwa futhi ayinakulinganiswa nemvelo, lapho ungaphumule khona kuphela ngomzimba, kodwa nangomphefumulo.

Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo

Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo ye-Ukraine kuyinkimbinkimbi yezinyathelo ezihlose ukulondolozwa, ukusetshenziselwa okunengqondo nokubuyiselwa kwemithombo yemvelo kanye nemvelo. Njalo ngonyaka isimo sezinto eziphilayo zemvelo sehla kakhulu - sihlobene ngokuqondile nokungcola kwamanzi ngamanzi okuthuthwa kwamanzi, imfucumfucu ehlanjululwa ngamafutha kanye nemisebe, okuye kwaba nethonya elikhulu emkhathini. Isibonakaliso esicacile sokukhululwa okunjalo kwemfucuza ye-radioactive singabhekwa njengengozi e-Chernobyl nuclear power plant.

Umthetho we-Ukraine uhlinzeka ngemfanelo (kuze kube sebugebengu) yokwephula imigomo yokuvikelwa kwemvelo, noma kunjalo, njengoba inkinga isufinyelele imingcele yezwe yonke isikhathi eside, hhayi izwe elilodwa kodwa izwe lonke kufanele libhekane nalolu daba.

Imvelo engaziwa

Imvelo yasendle yase-Ukraine iboniswa ngokucacile hhayi emahlathini angenamkhawulo, kodwa endaweni yesifunda saseChernobyl, lapho iminyaka eminingi kusukela khona ingozi eyingozi inyawo lomuntu lingakaze linyathelwe. Ngo-Ephreli 26, 1986 , ngenxa yokuqhuma kweyunithi yamandla amane, inani elikhulu lezinto ezinomsakazo zafakwa emvelweni. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu baqala ukuphuma endaweni yezinhlekelele, futhi uChernobyl wasuswa ngokuphelele. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izakhiwo zaba yincithakalo, futhi isimo sase-Ukraine saqala kancane kancane ukubuyela esimweni sayo sokuqala.

I-radiation yabangela ukuba kuvele izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinyoni nezilwane endaweni. Sekuyiminyaka yama-1990, ngezinhloso zokuhlola, ama-subspecies angavamile wezilwane alethwe emazweni aseChernobyl, inani lawo liye landa kakhulu namhlanje. Ososayensi base-Ukraine bathi, ngenxa yokufakwa kwezicupho zezithombe, sekuye kwenzeka ukutadisha izithombe ezingavamile ezenza kube lula ukuveza ngokuqiniseka ukuthi ngisho nezinyosi ezibomvu zivela eChernobyl , eziyizilwane ezingavamile kuleli zwe.

Okwamanje kunezinketho eziningana zokuphela kwesimo se-zone. Kuhlelwe ukudala kule ndawo indawo ekhethekile yokugcina indawo noma amazwe abuyele emuva ahlanzwe ukuhlanzwa kwemvelo ekusetshenzisweni kwezolimo.

Ithonya elikhulu kunawo wonke lendawo ye-Ukraine lihlangene nokusebenza komnotho kwabantu, okubonakala ngokucacile ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi nemikhiqizo ethuthukile, enegalelo elikhulu ekubhujisweni kwemvelo yemvelo yomuntu.

Ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu nokuxhashazwa kwamazwe angakatshelwe izidingo zezolimo kuholela ekunciphiseni kokuqukethwe kwe-humus emhlabathini futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kungonakaliswa esimweni semvelo, ngoba ingxenye ebalulekile yanyamalala ngenxa yomkhuhlane wamanzi nomoya .

Izinyathelo zokuzivikela

Ubuhle bemvelo e-Ukraine buboniswa ngokugcwele eNcwadini Ebomvu, okuletha zonke izinhlobo zezilwane nezitshalo ezisengozini yokubeka engozini. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uma isikhathi esifanele singayinaki isixazululo sezinkinga zemvelo, kubandakanya izinhlekelele ezinkulu zemvelo, okubizwa ngokuthi i-reserve fund ye-Ukraine yokuvimbela. Yisimiso esikhethekile sezinhlaka zemvelo nezinto eziyigugu endaweni ethile, eklanyelwe ukulondoloza imvelo esimweni sayo semvelo.

Isikhwama sokugcina sinezinto ezihlukahlukene zemvelo ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-7, ezithatha u-3-4% wendawo yonke ye-Ukraine. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa:

• Izakhiwo zemvelo - ezingeni eliphakeme lokuphepha. Njengoba ukuvakashelwa kwawo mahhala kuningi kunqatshelwe, uhlobo lwe-Ukraine luhlala luqinile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulapha ukuthi izinhlobo ezinqabile zezitshalo nezilwane ezibalwe eNcwadini Ebomvu zitholakala.
• AmaPaki Kazwelonke.
• Amapaki amahle.
• Amapaki okudumisa.
• Amapaki, awela ngaphansi kwesigaba se-landscape art.

Izimangaliso zemvelo

Izikhumbuzo zemvelo zase- Ukraine ziye zavusa inzondo hhayi nje kuphela kwabavakashi, kodwa futhi phakathi kwezizakhamuzi zezwe ezihlala kwezinye izindawo. Ngokuqinisekile, ukuthandwa kakhulu kunqobe:

• I-Biosphere igcina i-Askania Nova.
• Ichibi Synevyr, esitholakala endaweni evikelekile yamaCarpathians.
• I-Regional Park Granite-steppe Pobuzhye eduze nendawo yaseNikolaev.
• I-Rocky ridge, ephakeme ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-400 ngaphezulu kwezinga elwandle, ebizwa nge-Podolsky Tovtry, eliseduze neKhmelnitsky futhi ayinalo i-analogues emhlabeni wonke.
• Izingadi ze-Botanical, ezithinta indawo yazo, eKiev, Krivoy Rog naseDonetsk. Kulesi simo, izingadi elijwayelekile lezitshalo zezitshalo likhona cishe kuwo wonke amadolobha.

Indawo yesifunda eseningizimu-mpumalanga

Isifunda seDonbass sihluke ezweni lonke endaweni enhlabathini evundile kakhulu, enokunakekelwa kahle, eveza isivuno esihle kakhulu. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi iningi lezwe lihlala emasimini avundile, izithelo ezihlinzekwa ngobuningi bokudla kwezwe.

Isikhwama sehlathi seDonbass sibhekiswe ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziluhlaza, kanti nakuba zingasetshenziselwa ukukhishwa kwezingodo ezisezingeni lezimboni, indima yabo ekuvikeleni amasimu ibaluleke kakhulu. Ukukhuni kwezindawo zasemaphandleni kule ndawo akudluli ku-30% wendawo.

Imvelo ye-Ukraine iyamangalisa shazi, ikuvumela ukuba ukhethe okukhethwa kukho iholide ephelele kulowo nalowo mcimbi. Amahlathi, ama-steppes, izintaba, izilwandle, imifula, imifula, amachibi kanye nemifula, izindawo zokulondolozwa kwemvelo, amapaki kazwelonke, izingadi kanye nezimangaliso zemvelo ezichazwe ngenhla ze-Ukraine, izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo nezilwane - konke lokhu kulindelekile uma uvakashela leli zwe elihle, Ukubuyela. Naphezu kokuthi isimo semvelo esifundeni sishiya kakhulu, izimo zezulu zenza kube lula ukuchitha iholide egcwele kule ndawo.

Ingxenye ephakathi yezwe

I-Ukraine Ephakathi - enye yezindawo ezimibalabala kakhulu zezwe, ayithuthukisi nje kuphela ezimbonini, kodwa futhi nasezingeni eliphezulu. Izindleko ezinkulu zemithombo yemvelo zenze ukuba kube lula ukuguqula ingxenye ephakathi yezwe ibe yindawo enomnotho. Izimo zemvelo ziye zafaka isandla ekwakheni inani elikhulu lezinqolobane namapaki ayingqayizivele kule ndawo. Ubuhle nokuziqhenya kwalesi sifundazwe kukhona ama-oki aneminyaka engu-400 ubudala, imithombo yokuphulukisa kanye nenye yezindawo ezinkulu zehlathi ezindaweni ezisehlathini e-Ukraine.

Abavakashi, uma befisa, bavakashele inqaba yeScythian, bajwayele indlela yokuphila yaseCossack, bebona amasonto amaningi eCossack namanxiwa ezinqaba zasendulo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ephakathi kwe-Ukraine ukuthi omunye wemibhoshongo yokuqala yamanzi emhlabeni, edlala indima ebalulekile ekwakheni isimo esiyingqayizivele.

Ingxenye yeNtshonalanga yezwe

Engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye-Ukraine kunezindlela ezingaphezu kuka-400 zokuvakasha ezindaweni eziyingqayizivele, ezibonakala ngesakhiwo sezinkuni. Ingxenye esentshonalanga yezwe ayihlukaniswa nenani elikhulu lamadiphozi amaminerali, futhi wonke umnotho wesifunda ubanjwe ikakhulukazi ngezokuvakasha. Kulapha ukuthi iqembu elikhulu kunawo wonke lamachibi likhona, phakathi kwaso kukhona ngisho nelwandle elikhulu kakhulu elibizwa ngeSvityaz. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lesi sifundazwe sinobuhle, esikhangisa abantu abavela emhlabeni wonke, ngokuphoqelela ukuthakazelisa ubuhle bemvelo ngokuphindaphindiwe.

I-Human Factor

Imvelo ye-Ukraine ingakhulunywa ngokungapheli, kodwa, ukuze iqhubeke ihlala kuleli zwe, kubalulekile ukuqondisa imizamo eminingi yokusekela nokubuyisela imvelo yemvelo esimweni sayo esivelele. Kusukela ngo-1980, ngokusho kwedatha eqoqwe yi-IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), mayelana nezinhlobo ezithile (i-subspecies) yezilwane noma izitshalo ziyanyamalala phakathi nesonto. Ngakho-ke, uma izinyathelo ezifike ngesikhathi zingathathwa, zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezingu-7 nazo zonke izinhlobo ezingu-10 zezitshalo ezibalwe eNcwadini Ebomvu ye-Ukraine zizobe zisongelwa.