"Imicabango kwesikhathi": zibona phezu webumbacambili we Gorky umphefumulo Russian

I ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 - senguquko emlandweni futhi ukucabanga. Saqaphela ukuthi isikhathi sonke isikhathi eside eyathatha esidlule 75 iminyaka, kwadingeka anencazelo ethile. Futhi lokho okushiwo yile ayikwazanga kangcono wazwakalisa theoreticians zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni. dlulisa Ngiqinisile zeziyaluyalu, umoya ukubuyisa we ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili angase "petrel" wesikhathi Maxim Gorky e amanothi yakhe eyayinesihloko esithi "Imicabango kwesikhathi".

Umsebenzi wobuciko Akusikho lutho ngokuthi idokhumenti eziphilayo inguquko. Encwadini, ngaphandle labalamuli, futhi uthi ukuma esashiwo kumbhali maqondana Okthoba Revolution, izimfanelo zayo kanye nemiphumela ukufika entsha kwamaBolshevik umbuso. "Imicabango kwesikhathi" babenqatshelwe umkhiqizo kuze kube ngcono. Isihloko esanyatheliswa kuqala "New Life", elalilisha ngalesosikhathi ezicashe ukuphikiswa ukuphrinta uhlamvu kakhulu savalwa.

"Imicabango kwesikhathi" yakhe Umunyu exhumene ne inguquko, njengoba samuntu wonke balindele okukhulu abantu. Wayebheka ke kuzalwa njengebika ukuvuselelwa ingokomoya, imbangela ukubuya umqondo bakudala yezwe lenkaba, kanye nesenzo ngawo abantu bazokwazi, ekugcineni, ukuthatha ingxenye bebodwa emlandweni zabo.

Ngakho kwaba ochungechungeni lokuqala izihloko (aphume 58). Kodwa Gorky waqaphela ngemva kokuba luqalile izenzakalo Okthoba, ukuthi inguquko akuyona inkambo kwalokho abekucabanga. Ubiza sabasebenzi enqobile, nge umbuzo ukuthi izinguquko uzobangenisa ukunqoba "nesihluku ukuphila Russian", kungakhathaliseki ukukhanya liyokhanyisa ebumnyameni zabantu yokuziphilisa. Ngamanye amazwi, kukhona kakade izimiso ngawo umbhali akuveza wabiza revolution, sebeqala basiphikise ngokoqobo izinsuku turning, okungekho muntu abakwazi ukubona, ngisho Maxim Gorky.

"Imicabango kwesikhathi" ngokucacile kakhulu expressionism yomlobi, izimfanelo zabo wesitayela ukunikeza ilungelo ukubiza amanothi wemisebenzi yakhe emihle kakhulu. Kunezindlela eziningi lengafuni mphendvulo, ecacile iziphetho juqu, lapho bedlulisela amacala ngokomzwelo. umqondo Yokugcina iningi izihloko kuba khona ukungaboni ngaso linye eliyisisekelo nemibono Gorky kwamaBolshevik iziqubulo. Isizathu esikhulu salokhu - iphuzu okuphambene umbono kubantu nesimo sengqondo bahluke. amanothi Umunyu ngesikhathi esifanayo passivity nesihluku kubantu, nge hit ezandleni zakhe unamandla angenamkhawulo. Kuyinto omlobi kweminyaka eminingi izimo zokuphila, lapho kwakungekho ukukhanya, futhi ningamniki inhlonipho ngabanye, futhi ukulingana futhi inkululeko.

Inguquko Nokho, njengoba waveza ngu "Imicabango kwesikhathi" yethu, sisadingeka. Enye into - inhlanganisela imibono awo akhululayo we orgy nokuchitheka kwegazi njalo ukuhamba yonke amasu okugumbuqela imibuso. Lapha, igama elithi "Imicabango 'uyoyifeza othakazelisayo kazwelonke self-mbisana nokugxekwa. Gorky wasibonisa okushiwo ubuntu ezimbili zabantu Russian. Lo muntu akakwazi ukubonakaliswa nsuku zonke olwamukelwa amazinga zokuziphatha, kodwa, nokho, ongenza feat, ngisho wokuzidela.

Ngenxa yalokho, imbangela kwehluleka kwenzeka, ngokuvumelana Gorky, nje hhayi ukuthi ubona Iningi. Hhayi "bengavilaphi" noma counterrevolutionaries icala amashwa - futhi evamile nobuwula isiRashiya, ukuntuleka isiko nokuzwela izinguquko mlando. Ngokusho umbhali, abantu kusadingeka umsebenzi onzima eside kufanele uwine ukuqaphela yokuzicabangela, wahlanza ebugqilini, lihluma kulo, umlilo we isiko.