I-Secondary immunodeficiency

I-immunodeficiency yesibili ukuphulwa kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, esiqala isikhathi sokubeletha. Kungenzeka futhi kubantu abadala.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-immunodeficiencies ezincane ezilandelayo: ezenziwe, ezitholakalayo, okuzenzekelayo.

Esinye sezibonelo ezimangalisayo zendlela ezuzwe ngayo yi-AIDS. Ukwephulwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, kulokhu, kubangelwa isenzo segciwane lesandulela ngculazi lomuntu.

Ifomu elifakiwe livela ngenxa yesenzo sezimbangela ezithile eziholela ekubukeni kwayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa imisebe ye-X-ray, ukusetshenziswa kwe-corticosteroids, ukwelashwa kwe-cytostatic, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa, ukukhulelwa komzimba, ukuzivikela okungakhubazekile, okuvela kwesinye isifo esiyinkimbinkimbi (izinso, isibindi, isifo sikashukela, ama-neoplasms amahle).

Uma kungekho isizathu esicacile, okubangela ukuphulwa kokusebenza kabusha, ukuzivivinya umzimba kokubili kubizwa ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngokomtholampilo, kubonakala sengathi ukuvuselela izifo zesimo esithathelwanayo nokuvuvukala kudivayisi ye-bronchopulmonary, izono zeplananas, i-urogenital, umuthi wamathumbu, amehlo, isikhumba, izicubu ezithambile ezibangelwa ama-microorganisms ngokomzimba. Ngakho-ke, esicindezelayo, engapheliyo, evame ukubuyisa izinqubo zokuvuvukala zendawo ezihlukahlukene kubantu abadala zikhomba ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo ye-secondary immunodeficiency states.

Ifomu elibusayo lalezi zizwe lizenzekelayo. I-immunodeficiency eyinhloko ihluke kwi-secondary immunodeficiency ngoba incike ekuhluphekeni kokuzalwa komzimba omzimba.

Kulesi sifo, umsebenzi wazo zonke izixhumanisi zesistimu uphazamiseka: T-, B-cell, phagocytic, complement. Ukuthola amaphutha anjalo, iziguli zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu:

- kukhona okushiwo ukungaziphathi kahle emzimbeni, okuhlanganiswe nezinguquko kwimingcele yayo;

- kukhona kuphela izimpawu zokuntuleka kokuzivikela, okungahambisani nokushintsha kwemingcele yayo;

- kunezinguquko emiphakathini engahambisani nezimpawu zokuntuleka komzimba.

Ukuvivinya umzimba okuvezwa yi-laboratory test: ukuzimisela kwesimo somzimba sokuzivikela komzimba (inani lama-leukocytes, ukuxhaswa kwe-B-ne-T-lymphocytes, izinga le-immunoglobulins M, G, A, phagocytosis) lifundwa. Izindlela ezingeziwe ziwuphawu lokwelapha okuhambisanayo kanye nokwelapha okuqhubekayo. Imingcele engapheli yesigaba esibucayi, isimo se-interferon sinqunywe. Ukuxilongwa kwezinsimbi kuyisici esibalulekile sokuhlonza esibonisa lesi simo. Ngemuva kokuba kwenziwe zonke izifundo zokuxilonga, imithi ethize imisiwe, okusiza ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo esinjalo njengokuntuleka kokuzivikela komzimba.

Ukwelashwa kwalesi simo kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nobukhulu bawo kanye nezibalo zokuziphatha.

Lapho amangqamuzana angxenyeni ye-monocyte-macrophagal ethinteka, i-polyoxidonium, i-lycopid, i-molgamostim, i-filgrastim, i-leucomass isetshenziswa.

Izifo zamagciwane omzimba zidinga ukusebenzisa i-polyoxidonium, i-tactin, i-tamopin, i-imunofana, i-thymogen, i-thymolin, i-myelopida.

Ukwelashwa kokufakelwa kunconywa ukwephulwa kwesixhumanisi sokuhlaziya. Faka isicelo se-sandoglobulin, i-octagam, i-intraglobin, i-immunoglobulin, i-biaven, i-pentaglobin.

Ukwelashwa kwe-immunodeficiency ekwelapheni ukwelashwa ngemuva kokuphela kwezinsuku ezingu-20-30. Esikhathini esizayo, iziguli kufanele zibonwe udokotela-isazi sokuzivikela komzimba kanye nochwepheshe ezifweni eziyisisekelo. Uma lesi sifo siqhubeka, ukwelashwa kwesibili kuyadingeka, okusetshenziswa imithi engenhla.