I-hepatic fluke: izimpawu, ukwelashwa, ukuxilongwa

I-Hemophagus hepatic iyinambuzane ebuthakathaka yeklasini ye-fluenetic flukes (trematodes). Ukutheleleka kungenzeka uma usebenzisa inhlanzi yamanzi ahlanzekile enamafomu aluhlaza noma okuphekiwe. I-parasite ingaphila ezitshalweni zamanzi, isibonelo kwezinye izinhlobo zemithi yamanzi, futhi isetshenziselwa ukudla. Ngemuva kokungena emathanjeni omzimba, izikhukhula zihanjiswa kusukela emathunjini kuya emathangeni e-bile, lapho ziqala khona ukukhula. Ukutheleleka kungase kwenzeke ngokuphelele, kodwa ngokuvamile i-flup hepatic ibangela ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu ye-biliary, ehlanganisa i-bile ducts yesibindi ne-gallbladder. Nakuba emazweni athuthukile ukutheleleka ngalesi sifo (fascioliasis) kuyinto engavamile, leli qiniso lihlala: lesi sifo sihlolwe ngezikhathi ezithile, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabantu abaya ezifundeni lapho lezi zinambuzane zivame kakhulu.

Kuyini i-fascioliasis?

Ekuqaleni, lesi sifo sasiziwa kuphela kwazilwane zezilwane, futhi imbongolo eyingozi okuthiwa i-Fasciola hepatica yahlasela ikakhulukazi izinkomo eNingizimu Afrika. Izinkomo, izimbuzi nezimvu kwakuyiziphathamandla zomkhuhlane omdala, ubeka amaqanda emanzini. Amaqanda ahlunga izimpethu, ezisezingeni lesikole lentuthuko. I-hepatitis encane ye-hepatic ithelele izinhlobo ezithile ze-slugs ezihlala emzimbeni wamanzi, futhi zakhula, kancane kancane zithuthela ezitshalweni (isibonelo, watercress), lapho idliwe kanye nemifino izilwane ezifuywayo zidla endaweni. Izinambuzane zagubha izindonga zamathumbu futhi zahlala esibindi, lapho zafinyelela khona izinhlobo ezikhulile zentuthuko futhi zaqala ukubeka amaqanda. I-fascioliasis yomuntu ingumjikelezo ofanayo, kuphela emzimbeni womuntu.

Ukutheleleka

I-hepatic fluke (bheka isithombe esithombeni) ibeka ingozi kulabo abadla inhlanzi yamanzi ahlanzekile angenambitheka noma anganambitheki (angaphiliwe), kanye nezitshalo eziluhlaza emaqabeni ahlala kuwo. Phakathi kwezitshalo ezinjalo yi-watercress, i-mint yasendle, i-dandelions, i-pistachia kanye nabanye abameleli bezitshalo ezikhulayo emanzini noma eduze kwamagciwane amanzi futhi asetshenziselwa ukwenza ama saladi amasha. Ezimweni ezingavamile, umuntu angabamba isifo ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwamanzi angcolile.

Ukuhlanza okulula amaqabunga adlekile ngamanzi akuvikela ukulwa nezimpungushe, kodwa bafa ngesikhathi sokupheka nokuhlanza izitshalo nge-6% ye-acetic acid noma i- potassium permanganate.

Ukutheleleka ngokudla inyama yezilwane ezithathelwanayo akunakwenzeka.

Izimpawu

Uma umuntu ethathe izifo ezinjenge-flup hepatic, izimpawu zokutheleleka kungenzeka zingekho ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, iziguli ziqaphela izimpawu ezingavamile zokwelashwa zingakapheli inyanga ngemva kokudla izitsha zangaphandle eziqukethe izitshalo zamanzi noma izinhlanzi eziluhlaza. Kule nkinga yesifo, izimpawu zihlobene ngokuyinhloko nenqubo yokungena kwesibindi esibindibindi. Ukuhamba kwe-scapula kungenziwa kuhambisane nokukhuphuka kokushisa komzimba, ukushaywa, ubuhlungu besisu, ukuphuza isikhumba ngisho nokukhwehlela. Lapho isikhukhula sifinyelela esigabeni somuntu omdala sesisibindi, izibonakaliso ze-pathology zifana nezindlela zokuvimbela i-bile duct. Ubuhlungu esiswini buhambisana kakhulu nobuhlungu obubangelwa ngamatshe ku-gallbladder. I-jaundice ivela, futhi ama-ducts e-bile aphethwe kakhudlwana ekutheleleni - i-cholangitis. Cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi kunobuthakathaka, ubuqili, ukulahlekelwa ukudla, ukulahlekelwa isisindo.

Umkhuhlane wesibindi omdala ungaphila esibindi somuntu iminyaka eyishumi nambili, kepha ngisho nangemva kokufa kwegciwane, izimpawu ze-symptomatology cishe ziyoqhubeka ngenxa yokulimala kwe-bile duct. Imiphumela ebulalayo yalesi sifo ayinqabile kakhulu.

Izifo

Ekuqaleni kwesifo nge-fascioliasis, amasosha omzimba omzimba womuntu asabela ekutheleleni ngokuguqula inani lamangqamuzana egazi elimhlophe - i-eosinophilia, okwenza kube lula ukuhlinzekela ukuxilongwa okucindezelayo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasound, njengokuskena izitho zangaphakathi usebenzisa i-computed tomography (CT), ikuvumela ukuba ulandelele indlela yokuhamba kwesibindi ngaphakathi kwesibindi. Ngisho noma ngabe izilondazane sezivele zixazulule endaweni ethile ye-bile ducts, ukulimala kwamathumbu namathumbu kuzobe kubonakala ku-ultrasound. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kusolakala ukuthi i-hepatic fluke iyabonakala, ucezu lwesibungu luyatholakala emanzini. Kunezifundo ezithile ezihlose ukuhlola ukusabela kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela komzimba ukuze kube khona izidumbu, kodwa hhayi yonke imitholampilo ingakwazi ukukhokhela ukuxilongwa okubiza kakhulu.

Ukwelapha

Lahla i-parasite ilula ngokwanele - udinga ukuthatha isilinganiso esisodwa semithi ebizwa ngokuthi i- "Triclabendazole." Ngeshwa, ayitholakali ukuthengwa emazweni aseNingizimu Afrika, lapho izakhamuzi nezokuvakasha zivame ukubuyela odokotela ngezikhalazo mayelana nezibonakaliso zezici ze-fascioliasis, kodwa ngokuqinisekiswa kokuthola ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuhlela ukulethwa komuntu ngamunye. Izazi zibuye zincoma ukuphumula kombhede futhi zizinamathele ekudleni okucebile ezinamaprotheni ezinkomo nezitshalo. Kungase kudingeke uthathe amavithamini nezindleko zensimbi ngaphezu kwalokho.

Ezimweni eziphambili, uma i-fascioliasis enamandla futhi esebenzayo ekhulile i-hepatic fluke iyatholakala, ukwelashwa kungahlanganisa ukwenza umsebenzi wokuhlinzwa ukuze ususe i-parasite eyingozi ngendlela yokugcina i-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Ukuvimbela

• Melana nezitshalo zamanzi kwisisombululo se-6% se-acetic acid noma i-potassium permanganate imizuzu engu-5-10.
• Imifino ekhula ngamanzi kufanele ibiliswe ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.
• Qaphela ukuhlanzeka kwezindawo lapho izitshalo ezidliwayo zikhula khona; Ungavumeli ukuba bangcoliswe ngokuthuthwa kwamanzi.
• Phatha izimvu nezinkomo uma udokotela wezilwane ehlonza i-fascioliasis. Isilinganiso esisodwa se "Triclabendazole" sisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwezilwane.

Njengamanje, ososayensi basebenzela ukwakha umgomo wokulwa ne-fascioliasis.