Izifo ze-Periodontal: izici, izimbangela, i-pathogenesis, ukuxilongwa, ukwelashwa nokuvimbela. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezifo ze-periodontal

Lapho kuphakama izinkinga ne ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo, ezifana ezingemnandi indiva izinguquko kunzima kakhulu. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu, nokuvinjelwa ukuphathwa periodontal futhi okwalandela sezifo kuyoba efanele ngaso sonke isikhathi. Phela, leli qembu izifo ivamile impela, kokubili abadala ezinganeni.

Kuyini lesi sifo

Ukuze uqonde kangcono nale nkinga, udinga ukuba banake a imiqondo ambalwa ayinhloko. Ungaqala nge periodontitis.

Leligama lisetshenziswa ukuze libhekisele nezicubu eziseduze izinyo futhi ngokuphephile uvala it in emhlathini. Eqinisweni, thina ukhuluma ngani umsipha periodontal (lebhokisi imbobo amathambo impande izinyo), gingiva, ithambo izicubu, inqubo alveolar futhi yikona okuqinisa izinyo. Nakani izingxenye ezihlukahlukene izicubu, kunengqondo ngenxa yokuthi lesi sifo kungaba hit ngamunye wabo eceleni.

Njengoba ngenqubo, kunethonya elonakalisayo izakhi pollosti temlomo, ezimweni eziningi, yisishiso lonke isakhiwo noma izicubu we wekhasi gingival.

Ngokwemvelo yayo, izifo ezihlobene izinsini namazinyo, kungase kube neoplastic, esiwohlozayo noma ukuvuvukala.

Kuyaqondakala ukuthi isifo periodontal libhekisela esigabeni izinkinga ezivamile ngawo iziguli ukuza wamazinyo. Ngemva kokutadisha idatha UBANI, ungafunda yokuthi ezilandelayo: lolu hlobo isifo ezinganeni ezitholakala 80% amacala emazweni amaningi. Abadala kaningi kakhulu okwadingeka abhekane naleli qembu izifo.

izizathu

Yiqiniso, izinkinga ne izinsini nezinye izicubu temlomo awaveli bebodwa - bathuthukisa ukuvela izinqubo ezithile.

Ngamagama yezinto eziphathelene omsakazo yaleli qembu izifo, angabawa zingahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili ezibalulekile: zendawo jikelele. Empeleni kuba qwembe ukulimala, subgingival futhi tartar supragingival ukukhubazeka wokufakelwa, `namazinyo kwezixuku ', anomalies ukunamathela amatomu izindebe, nokunye. D.

Noma yimuphi isifo periodontal Ngokuvamile umphumela Ukungadli kohlelo yemvelo (i-plaque kanye nesimo liquid ngomlomo).

Ngini ngokuqondile ezintweni jikelele kumelwe kuphawulwe ukuntuleka amavithamini amaqembu B, C, E. Lezi ukuntuleka abe nomthelela ongemuhle lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti kwezicubu periodontal. Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela amavithamini ezidingekayo uyakwazi ukubangela izinkinga ezifana ukwephulwa amaprotheni, i-calcium ne phosphorus, ama-carbohydrate umzimba lipid. Kufanele akufanele ushiywe ngaphandle futhi ingozi izinguquko eziphilayo nemisebenzi yokusetshenziswa wokugaya ukudla, kwemizwa, kwegazi, endocrine, futhi izinhlelo sezinzwa somzimba.

Kunengqondo ukuba banake yokuthi isifo periodontal kungenzeka kubangelwa izinkinga ezifana yofuzo, zegazi ezibangelwa, komzimba nezinto, izinguquko reactivity, immunodeficiency futhi ukuphazamiseka uhlelo hormone.

alveolysis

Ngesisekelo lesi sifo atrophic nokucubungula dystrophic ezicutshini periodontal. Ngokuba abanjalo isifo lingachazwa ngokuthi kancane, kungabonakali zimpawu elikhanyayo.

Ezimweni eziningi, isifo periodontal livezwa ukuchayeka imisuka amazinyo noma ukwanda ezibukwayo obuphelele yabo ngenxa sokuxazulula of izinsini. Ngezinye izikhathi iziguli zingase zibe nomuzwa wokuthi ubuhlungu emazinyweni ukulunywa ezinsinini.

Ukulapha nokuvikela izifo periodontal kulokhu kunciphisa ukuba nemiphumela lingaze ngokusebenzisa ejenti ekhethekile ekwelapheni. Lokhu kungaba "Flyuogel", "Ftorlak" et al. Ngenxa yalokho anda nozwela amazinyo iyasuswa. Udokotela angase futhi linqume automassazh nezinsini. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze afeze ukulungiswa kuphazamiseka trophic. Kwezinye izimo, vestibuloplasticheskie operation efanele, kodwa umphumela wazo awakwazi eyaqinisa. Kungenzeka futhi uphawu nhlonhlo imiphumela.

ukwelashwa Entiotropnoe alisetshenziswa, kusukela izimbangela zezifo periodontal qhwa ngempela.

Periodontitis futhi gingivitis

Uma sikhuluma wawubonakalisa okunjalo lapho umuntu enezinkinga ezihambisana kwezicubu temlomo, kokubili periodontitis, kuyafaneleka ukuthi lokhu kuyinto isifo ukuvuvukala lapho kuthinteka zonke izinhlobo izicubu ku emhlathini. Ukuze uthole isimo esinjalo ukubukeka nolokubhujiswa okuqhubekayo ithambo alveolar amathambo emhlathini, futhi ukubhujiswa enkompolo periodontal.

Njengoba for gingivitis, ke lingachazwa ngokuthi i ukuvuvukala, okubandakanya kuphela izicubu we wekhasi gingival. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuphela kuthinta ebusweni gum izicubu.

Kuwufanele ukwazi iqiniso ezilandelayo: lezi zinhlobo sifo zivame ezihlobene. Iphuzu eliyinhloko ukuthi ukuvuvukala, ezavela izicubu gingival ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kungase kuthinte ezinye izici izakhiwo periodontal. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, akufanele indiva kokutshelwa ngokukhubazeka kwengane, njengoba gingivitis, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi kungaholela inkinga kakhulu obuphathekayo.

Ukucacisa izimbangela zezifo periodontal, kufanele kube nomphumela kuqashelwe of lonke eziyinkimbinkimbi yezinto, zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Ngakho, ngokuphathelene gingivitis, avame kuholela efanayo isimo ukunganakwa inhlanzeko yomlomo, okuholela sebethule tartar futhi qwembe ekuqongeleleni.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma izinyathelo eziyisisekelo kungavimbela ukubukeka inkinga kunalokho sina.

gingivitis atrophic

Eqhubeka izici isifo periodontal, kubalulekile ukuba banake leli fomu lesi sifo. Kutfutfukisa on isizinda ezingamahlalakhona ukuvuvukala oluthinta wonke dentition, futhi amanye amazinyo.

Kulokhu, le mucosa kuba pink okhanyayo, futhi papilla lumane noma eshelelayo. Kuleli zinga, isiguli engazizwa ukungakhululeki kakhulu. Izikhalazo ngokuvamile ehambisana indawo ngeminjunju ababuthakathaka noma ukulunywa okuncane ezinsinini.

gingivitis okungamahlalakhona

Ukwahlukanisa isifo periodontal kuhlanganisa izinguquko ongathandeki isimo esinjalo kwezicubu ngomlomo.

Le nkinga ivame kakhulu eqoshiwe in iziguli zokugula we isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene noma zenhliziyo. Izimbangela zesifo zihlanganisa ukuntula mzimba, kanye umthelela yizici zemvelo, kuhlanganise yokukhiqiza. Sikhuluma ezingamahlalakhona phambili elinobuthi, mercury nezinye izinto ezilimazayo. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba banake izimo zokusebenza ungathathi kancane ukuze izingozi okungenzeka imiphumela yempilo ezimbi.

I pathogenesis izifo periodontal yalolu hlobo kunciphisa ukuba ukuchayeka esilandelayo ukuze enqabayo izicubu isici ibonakala ukopha kwezinsini ngesikhathi ukuxubha futhi yokwamukela ukudla okuqinile kanye onukayo futhi umuzwa esivuthayo.

Ukuqeda gingivitis okungamahlalakhona, kuzomele uqale iwukudambisa okuyizici ezinomthelela ukuqhubekela phambili kwesifo. Ukunakwa kufanele ikhokhwe futhi professional inhlanzeko yomlomo. Ahambisanayo ofanele ukuba abe ukudla egcwele, ngokukhishwa kobuthi egazini komzimba kanye njalo amanzi ukusetshenziswa.

Necrotizing gingivitis esidalwa yizilonda emathunjini sibe

Lena enye indlela ukuthi kungathatha ukuvuvukala isifo periodontal. Kwandulelwe isimo okunjalo dysbiosis, encishisiwe ukumelana umzimba, gipoavitaminoz, umkhuhlane, hypothermia, izinkinga immunological, ezimweni ezihlukahlukene ezicindezelayo angina.

Hhayi hlungu ukwazi ukuthi esimweni gingivitis ku isizinda zegazi ezibangelwa, kubalulekile ukuba afeze ukuxilongwa umehluko.

Ukwelashwa kuhilela ukuqedwa okusheshayo umthombo nokuvuvukala, futhi izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze sikwazi ukumisa nethonya layo lonke kwezicubu ngomlomo. Libuye pay kuwufanele ukunakekela ukunciphisa lokudakwa. Phakathi kwezinyathelo ezinethonya wendawo, ungasebenzisa ukususwa izicubu necrotic, ukukhululeka ubuhlungu futhi ngemithi elwa namagciwane spectrum ezibanzi lezo zingxenye izinsini, okuyinto beshaywa.

Ungakhohlwa mayelana lokuvikela: ukuvimbela Ukuphinda lesi sifo badinga ukugwema ukuvela izifo ezithathelwanayo, hhayi uyephuza ukwelashwa kwamazinyo ngezinkinga sobala.

I-Focal periodontitis engamahlongandlebe

Labo abathanda Ukwahlukaniswa isifo periodontal, ukuvuvukala kuleli fomu ukuziqhakambisa Kuphoqelekile.

Ingqikithi inkinga kuyehla kube ukunqotshwa sokhetho apharathasi ukwesekwa amazinyo kuqala unomphela. Liyochukuluza amagciwane isifo actinomycetes. Ezimweni eziningi, le nkinga izenze wazizwa kulezo izingane zabo abazali abathwali silwanyana eshiwo ngenhla.

Impendulo ukuvuvukala kulokhu okuncane, kodwa kukhona nokucindezela amasosha omzimba impendulo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umzimba wengane ezakhiwe omzimba athile, okuvumela amazinyo elandelayo unomphela ahlale evikelekile.

Ukwelashwa kwezifo periodontal yalolu hlobo kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwemithi elwa namagciwane izinsuku ezingu-21 futhi more, kanye eliyifa ukungenelela wendawo. Ukukhuluma kwamaphilisi eside, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi lokhu isilinganiso kuyadingeka ngoba izilokazane ezincane eziyingozi ukungena hhayi kuphela phakathi sulcus periodontal, kodwa futhi emaphaketheni periodontal ngisho shí izakhiwo ithambo nezicubu. Lokhu isimo sengqondo esibi uzinzile ngempela, ngakho-ke kudinga ukuz.

Engazweli emthini futhi periodontitis ngokushesha okuqhubekayo

Le nkinga is phetho microflora eqondile izinhlobo eziningana. Uma ezivela kanyekanye ezithinta izinhlobo eziningi kwamagciwane, umphumela ngamunye buyaqina, okuholela izicubu ekubhujisweni ukucindezelwa okuzivikela.

Uma ucabangela pathogenesis izifo periodontal zalolu hlobo, isu ephumelela kunazo aphathe olunzulu ukwelashwa elwa namagciwane (okungenani amaviki 3) kanye machining obuphelele emaphaketheni periodontal.

Mhlawumbe ukuhlinzwa. Kulokhu, lo zezindwangu zamanje uyosingatha imisebenzi ukuthi zenziwa kuphela ngemva kokuba isiguli kuzothatha uze uwaqede yokwelashwa ama-antibiotic.

Ukuze ukwelashwa kwaba njengoba ngempumelelo ngangokunokwenzeka, kubalulekile ekuqaleni ukuqhuba ukuhlaziya microbiological okuqukethwe izicubu biopsies futhi emaphaketheni periodontal.

izilonda Neoplastic ka periodontal

Izifo izici ezifana kwenza yokuthi kunzima kakhulu ukubikezela ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa lesi sifo kuphela abantu ekuqaleni abe nezici ezithile ukuze ezinjalo.

Njengoba izinto okubangela ukuthuthukiswa izimila kanye izilonda isimila-like, singakwazi ukuthola ukuqhela hormone. Kungenzeka, isibonelo, ekuqongeleleni ozokusebenzisa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ukuthomba. Izizathu ukubonakala isimila izilonda Ungahlanganisa ukuvuvukala, izifo odlule noma umthelela izici kuhlasimulise ukuthi kukhona okungalapheki nemvelo.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, odokotela usulungise esinye isizathu kuwukubonakaliswa lokhu zokugula njengoba izilonda neoplastic ka periodontal. Kuyinto azosebenzisa Ama-anabolic steroid ukuze intsha avame ukusetshenziswa ekilasini sawo esiningi kanye nezinye ezemidlalo amandla.

Izindlela nokwelashwa kwezifo kungakephuzi periodontal endabeni le zokugula ziyancipha ukuqeda ukuvuvukala ukulimala (e ebukhoneni yokugcina), futhi, uma kudingeka, ukususwa izicubu yene surgically. Ukuhlinzwa indlela wamanje kakhulu izifo ezifana "gingivitis hypertrophic", "gum fibromatosis" futhi "mezhkornevyh granuloma".

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kubalulekile ukulandela ngokucophelela imithetho kwenhlanzeko ngomlomo kanye nokusetshenziswa elwa namagciwane, futhi hashaza ekhethekile isinqandakuvunda.

Ukuxilongwa Periodontal Izifo

Ngo inqubo ukuxilongwa acabangele uhlobo nezinga lokuziphatha inqubo, kanye isithombe emtholampilo iyonke.

Uma kuziwa periodontitis, uphethwe umehluko kuleli cala uzogxila ekuboneni izimpawu ezintathu eziyinhloko, ngalo ungakwazi ukunquma degree of kobukhulu isifo. Sikhuluma mayelana resorption kwethambo, angahlali sokugembula amazinyo kanye ye ephaketheni periodontal ukujula.

amafomu oyingozi futhi ezingalapheki ka generality elibonakala zimpawu ezilandelayo: ukuvuvukala kanye ububomvu we mucosal alveolar ithambo ubuhlungu izinyo esithile kokucindezelwa noma ukuhlafuna kokuziphatha kanye Ukuwohloka isiguli in jikelele.

Njengoba isici isici elikhombisa isifo periodontal yalolu hlobo kungaba azimisele abscesses, okuyinto avele izindawo ezahlukene. owokuqala iya, futhi emva kwezinsuku 5-7 kunesinye. Indawo indawo yabo eduze margin gingival, kodwa umyalezo akuyona ephaketheni parodentalnym.

Ukunqunywa gingivitis amafomu ahlukahlukene seyenziwe ngenhla. Kepha sitholakele ISIZINDA esibuhlungu, kuleli cala, ngaphezu degree of ukubhujiswa periodontal, kubalulekile ukuba amise isici etiological. Ngenxa yale njongo, kulingane ejwayelekile wokuhlola kanye inhlolovo indlela. Ngemva isidingo sinake pathogenesis lesi sifo.

ukwelashwa

Ngomqondo onabile, ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa kwezifo periodontal ziyancipha ukuze, ukukhomba izimpawu ezithile, ukucacisa uhlobo lesi sifo, izici zayo, bese iwukudambisa ukuvuvukala ne izimpawu ezibuhlungu.

Kodwa, kuye ngokuthi isimo, izindlela sokunqoba isifo angase abe umehluko othize.

Kuyadingeka ukuqonda ukuthi umgomo oyinhloko yokwelashwa - ukubuyiselwa kanye nokulondolozwa umsebenzi ukuhlafuna, ukuzinza of sobuhle bayo kanye iwukudambisa umthelela ongemuhle izinqubo sokugembula ezifana emzimbeni wonkana, futhi ezicutshini ethile periodontal.

Khetha indlela eyodwa ukuthonya inkinga njengoba eziphuthuma kakhulu kunzima ngoba elamukelekile iyakwazi ukunikeza kuphela umuthi wokwelapha olunzulu isifo periodontal.

Kubalulekile ukwazi futhi ukuthi kukhona eziningi izimiso eziyisisekelo lapho inqubo sokunqoba isifo lakhiwa. Lokhu ubuntu, eyinkimbinkimbi, pathogenetic nokwelashwa esiyimbangela. Ukuphelelisa inqubo ekwelapheni eziningi izinyathelo okubuyisela.

Ngokuphathelene ezimqoka, esinikela periodontics yomtholampilo, bungokulandelayo:

1. substantiation Pathogenetic.

2. Umthelela ku microbial (etiological) isici.

3. Izinyathelo okuhloswe ngaso nokuvimbela ukuqhubeka nqubo ebhubhisayo.

4. Imiphumela zokwelapha kokuphelele umzimba kwezicubu ethile periodontal. Entiotropnoy yokwelapha essence kulokhu ukususa ngesisekelo izimbangela zesifo.

5. Ukubuyiselwa izici tekusebentisa morphological periodontitis.

eziningi amalungiselelo Okwamanje kutholakala ezahlukene elwa namagciwane kokuba ngezinga wayefisa umthelela, okuyinto ethulwa asebentisa tindlela letehlukene (imicu, si, elixirs, amapuleti yokugcoba, kanye nabanye.). Kodwa-ke kubalulekile ukuthi ukuqonda ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ngokungakhethi ejenti abanjalo bangase babhebhethekisa isifo periodontal e izingane kanye nabantu oseqinile, okubangela ukuthuthukiswa candidiasis temlomo na temlomo ukwephulwa microbiocenosis.

Kungenxa yalesi sizathu, ngemva ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa uhlelo lochwepheshe kufanele kube kudorhodere okwaziyo acabangele zonke izici ngamunye isiguli ukuba zokugula periodontal. Lezi zici zihlanganisa isikhathi lesi sifo, isimo jikelele isiguli, ukwelashwa, okuyinto kwenziwa ngaphambi, imiphumela kanye nezinye izinto.

Njengoba isibonelo, umthelela gingivitis catarrhal. Okokuqala isiguli ukufundisa nempilo efanele temlomo, wenziwa emva ukususwa imvelo izici kuyacasula wendawo. Lokhu kungaba ukugcwaliswa kwamazinyo, ayetha, nokubuyiselwa amaphuzu contact, kanye nokususwa qwembe kwamazinyo.

Esigabeni esilandelayo ekwelapheni, ozokusiza ukuqeda isifo periodontal, ukuba sifeze yokwelapha wendawo eqeda ukuvuvukala, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho ukusetshenziswa laloko imithi engamakhambi. ukwelashwa Physiotherapy esimweni catarrhal gingivitis kuyothuthuka microcirculation. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, isiguli kungenziwa electrophoresis ukubhucungwa izinsini nezinye izinqubo ukuboniswa.

Lapho kuboniswe ukuqedwa okungenzeka isikhundla okungafanele amazinyo, elithambile izicubu kwezinso yentuthuko kanye bite. Kulokhu, kungasiza kakhulu imithi. Ngokwesibonelo, ijeli iqukethe izingxenye ezinethonya sezingeni eliphezulu zokwelapha. Izindlela kwesicelo ayiyona inkimbinkimbi: emva isinqandakuvunda margin gingival usuphothuliwe, lo ekhiqizwa izinyo ngabodwa usebenzisa imiqulu ukotini, kulandele iphele yalo. Ukuze wenze esetshenziswa isipetu noma ijeli trowel. Njengoba isicelo indawo gingival akhethiwe sulcus noma gingiva onganakiwe.

It is ibuye Kunconywa ukusetshenziswa Keratoplasty isizukulwane esisha izinsuku 3-5 emva ukuqala lesi sifo. Umphumela walokhu uyoba ezishukumisayo izinqubo reparative.

Imiphumela

Nokwelashwa isifo periodontal lo zokugula liyindaba esemqoka kubantu abaningi, ngoba ngomlomo isifo izicubu ukuphazamisa abantu bobudala obuhlukahlukene ngokuvamile. Ukuze ukubhekana gingivitis, periodontitis nezinye izifo ezifanayo, kudingeka banamathele unaphakade nemithetho kwenhlanzeko ngomlomo kanye nokunakekela isimo somzimba wonkana. Uma Nokho, izimpawu zokuqala zesifo, kungcono ukuya kudokotela, khona-ke kukhona amathuba womuntu neutralization okusheshayo izinkinga ziye zabonakala.