Ukugonywa kusuka ku-diphtheria kuyisiqiniseko esinokwethenjelwa sokuphepha ngokutheleleka okubulalayo

I-Diphtheria ibangelwa i-agent ye-causative, egqoke igama lesiLatin elithi Corynebakterium diphtheriae noma i-diphtheria bacillus. Ngokumelene naye, futhi ugonywe ngokumelene ne-diphtheria. Lesi sifo ngokwawo siyingozi ngoba sibangela ukudakwa okuqine kakhulu kwenyama yonke, okuholela ngokushesha ekulahlekelweni kwamandla nokufa komuntu ogulayo. Kodwa ngisho nangaphambi kwalokho, ukuqubuka okubangelwa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto okuthiwa "i-diphtheria croup" kungenzeka kwenzeke, lapho amafilimu akhiwe emphinjeni kanye ne-edema enobuthi evimba ngokuphelele ukufinyeleleka emoyeni emaphashini futhi umuntu uvele ecindezeleke. Isici esithile se-pathogen ukuthi singasesikhumbeni nasopharynx yomswakama womuntu ongeyena ogulayo, okwamanje kulokhu okwenza njengothuthi. Uma ukhwehlela noma ugoqa, induku ingadluliselwa ngamaconsi amancane kubantu abakuzungezile futhi kakade ibangele ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo. Ngaphambi kokugonywa kwe-diphtheria, lesi sifo sasivame kakhulu kanti cishe iziguli ezingu-80 zafa. Abaningi balabo ababhekene nalesi sifo babeyizingane ezincane, kodwa lesi sifo esibulalayo asizange sikhulume nabantu abadala. Ngemuva kokugonywa kwe-diphtheria kwakungenwe inqwaba ye-dipltheria, futhi ngisho nangokwengeziwe isifo sofuzo se-diphtheria senyuka, sanyamalala.

Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule yekhulu leminyaka elidlule (ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1990), ukuqhuma kwamahemuhemu okwethuka ezweni lonke ukuthi ukugonywa ngokumelene ne-diphtheria kubangele kubangele ukucindezeleka ngesifo esibulalayo. Ngenxa yalokho, abazali abaningi baqala ukwenqaba ukugoma futhi ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990 lokhu kwakhiqize "izithelo ezibabayo". ERussia, ukuguqulwa kwerekhodi kwe-diphtheria kwaqoshwa. Futhi kuphela izinyathelo eziphuthumayo zokugoma bonke abantu abadala nabangaphambilini abangavunyelwe ukubuyisela imishanguzo yegciwane lesandulela ngculaza labantu futhi bayeka ukugqashuka kwesifo. Kwakuyinto edabukisayo, kubonisa ngalesi sibonelo isidingo sokugoma njengento evamile.

Njengamanje, ukugoma ngokumelene ne-diphtheria kufakwe ekhalendeni likazwelonke lokugoma futhi ukugoma kokuqala kwenziwa kusukela ezinyangeni ezintathu. Bese futhi ezinyangeni ezingu-4.5 nezinyanga eziyisithupha. Esikhathini esizayo, i-revaccination kuphela eminyakeni engu-7 no-14 yenziwa. Njengoba i-diphtheria, i-alas, ayiyona isifo esisodwa esibulalayo, ngokuvamile igonywe ngomuthi ohlangene. Isibonelo, ukugoma ngokumelene ne-diphtheria ne-tetanus, lapho kuvame ukufaka khona i-anti-pertussis ingxenye. Ngenxa yalokho, ukugonywa kwe-AKDC (ingxube yezinto eziqukethe i-diphtheria, i-pertussis ne-diphtheria toxoid) itholakala. Igama elithi "toxoid" lisho ukuthi libuthakathaka kakhulu futhi alinamandla okubangela lesi sifo, kodwa izikhukhula ze-antibodies zikhiqizwa futhi zingenakuzivikela ezifweni. Nakhu kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kwezinye izifo isifo sisasebenza, kodwa ngesimo esincane ngaphandle kokufa, kuyilapho abantu abayisishiyagalolunye kwabayishumi befa ngaphandle kokugoma (bheka iphesenti elinikezwe ngenhla). Ukwengeza, ukuzivikela akuyona impilo yonke, ngakho-ke kukhona i-inoculation ephuma ku-diphtheria kubantu abadala, ngokuvamile ayisekho i-anticonfigurant component (ADS noma i-ADS-M) okufanele ivuselelwe njalo eminyakeni eyishumi.

Inqubo yokugoma ngokwayo inezici zayo siqu, okumelwe waziwa, okokuqala, kubazali bezingane ezigonywe ukulwa ne-diphtheria. Izinsuku zokuqala ezingu-2-3 kungenzeka ubuhlungu kanye nokuphendula okuvuthayo kwendawo endaweni yokugoma, okuvame ukufakwa engxenyeni ye-antero-lateral yethanga. Lokhu kungahambisana nokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kuya kuma-38-39 degrees. Kulesi simo, kubalulekile ukunikeza antipyretic futhi ubhekane nodokotela - ungadinga ukuqokwa kwemali yokungafuni (ama-antiallergic). Lokhu akufanele kube yisizathu sokwenqaba ukugoma, ngoba ukunganaki okwesikhashana kungukukhokha okuncane uma kuqhathaniswa nokutholakala kokuvikeleka okunokwethenjelwa ngokumelene nezifo ezibulalayo.