Kokubeletha nokuthuthukiswa nangemuva kokuzalwa komntwana wengane

Isifiso sokuba nezingane kufanele ibe eyakhayo evela bobabili abazali. umama okhulelwe ewusizo hhayi kuphela ukwazi ushintsho oluzayo emzimbeni, kodwa futhi ukufunda ulwazi oluningi mayelana kokubeletha nokuthuthukiswa nangemuva kokuzalwa komntwana umntwana.

ngaphambi kokuzalwa

Kumuntu okhulelwe noma ukuthuthukiswa natal, ozobakhona kwezinsuku ezilinganiselwa kwezingu-280 (amasonto 40), ngokuvamile yahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu:

• Esigabeni sokuqala. Lena ngesonto lokuqala ukuthuthukiswa kusukela ekukhulelweni kuye yenzeka we umbungu ulwelwesi lwamafinyila kwesibeletho.
• esigabeni embryonic. Ngokuhamba Emavikini lasikhombisa lalandzelako, Ukwakheka kwazo zonke izinhlangano kanye nezikhungo. umsoco Basic umntwana kukhona izinto akhululwe egazini likamama. In ngesonto lesithathu kubeka imithambo yegazi, pronephros (pronephros) futhi inhliziyo. Ngemva ezinye izinsuku eziyisikhombisa, kuphelile ukwakheka isibindi, esiswini, iphaphu, amanyikwe, endocrine nezindlala, kanye izinso eyinhloko umklamo izinyawo nezandla. Esikhathini Ngesonto yesihlanu, i-embryo uyaqhubeka ukuthuthukisa amaphaphu bronchi, ingemuva kwakhiwa, esinyeni. Ngemva kwamasonto amabili, kukhona ukukhula kakhulu ekhanda, ungabona amehlo nezindlebe, iminwe nezezinzwane.
• Isigaba fetus. Kusukela ngesonto wesishiyagalolunye sokukhulelwa bekufike isikhathi sokubeletha, ingane ikhula ngesisindo futhi ekhula ngobukhulu, uyaqhubeka nokuvuthwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo eziyishumi nemitshingo.

Amakhonsathi umculo classic

Kuze kube muva nje, umbono okufanele icatshangelwe yobudala ingane kusukela ekuhlaleni kwesisu kwabonakala ngokuphelele crazy, kodwa ososayensi namuhla asethwe akunjalo bayangabaza.

Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ingane lingafundiswa esibelethweni sikamama ngokujovwa. Indlela engcono kakhulu ukuze sikhuthaze umbungu idlala umculo we-classic.

Cishe ngaso leso sikhathi ngemva kokubamba ucala kutfutfukisa imvuthu ubuchopho, futhi kwakhiwa inani lamaseli ubuchopho ekupheleni kwenyanga yesihlanu, okuzoba okufanayo zonke kwesikhathi nangemuva kokuzalwa komntwana. Nge anda ukuthuthukiswa kokubeletha amaseli nge cell-cell anamathelene.

iseli ukushukuma ngokusebenzisa umculo we-classic kwandisa amathuba ukuthuthukiswa intelligence. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esikhathini nangemuva kokuzalwa komntwana izingane ezinjalo kulula ukufunda ngisho uqale ukukhuluma ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngaphambili kuka ontanga.

ngemva kokuzalwa

isikhathi nangemuva kokuzalwa komntwana ibizwa ngokuthi isikhathi kusukela ekuzalweni kuze kube sekufeni. Ngo Pediatrics kwamukeleka ukwaba izigaba ezilandelayo ukuthuthukiswa nangemuva kokuzalwa komntwana:

1. ngenyanga yokuqala emva kokuzalwa - kwesikhathi ezisanda kubelethwa.

2. Kusukela ngenyanga yesibili ngonyaka - esewusana.

3. yesibili ngonyaka wokuphila - ebuntwaneni kamuva.

4. Phakathi ezimbili anamithandathu - ingane ubudala omncane engenathi (pre-school).

5. 6-10 iminyaka (amantombazane) futhi eminyakeni 6-12 (abafana) - isikhathi esikoleni.

ngenyanga yokuqala

Ezinsukwini zokuqala 28 zokuphila ingane kunezinguquko eziyinhloko. Sizokwenza ukuchaza ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nezici kwesikhathi osanda kuzalwa:

1. Bokuphila kwesisindo. Odokotela bezingane bathi evamile kwesisindo afika ku-10% ngo-kulamalanga ekucala lasihlanu.
2. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa, izingane abe search, oncelayo, ukuziqonda reflex motor.
3. Phakathi nezinyanga zokuqala zokuphila, futhi imisipha iba mincane isesimweni esihle, futhi umzimba ithatha amafotho ngokuzenzela isikhundla fetus. Hypertonus ngokuvamile iyanyamalala ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili noma ezintathu.
4. Isibalo wamathumbu ukunyakaza incike ukuvama feedings. Izinsuku zokuqala ezimbili ngemva emathunjini imele meconium.
5. Esikhathini esiningi bantwana bachitha ephusheni - bakwazi ukulala amahora angafika ku-22 ngosuku.

Ukwahlukana kamama nengane ngesikhathi sokubeletha, yebo, kuthinta isimo ngokwengqondo ingane ngasekuqaleni kwesikhathi nangemuva kokuzalwa komntwana. Nokho, ngesikhathi esifanayo ulondoloze isimo contact njalo, kulesi sigaba senzeka futhi kungabi nemiphumela emibi.

Kepha ukudla, i-WHO kanye nodokotela bezingane ephasini mazombe bakholelwa ubisi lwebele yilona ekudleni ephelele, ikakhulukazi izinsana. Inombolo kanye nokuvama feedings kukhona kwesokunxele kangcono ngokubona umntwana.

Kusukela ngenyanga enyakeni owodwa

Cabanga ngalokho okungenziwa onzima phambi ingane ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Ekuqaleni, ingane ifunda ukuthi uyaliphakamisa ikhanda lakhe, bese ukukhasa uhlale phansi, vuka, uhambe, uthathe izinto. Kumiswa motor amakhono ezinganeni esikhathini nangemuva kokuzalwa komntwana yentuthuko nkinga liwenza akwazi ukuthola ulwazi oluningi mayelana nezwe.

Imizamo yokuqala ukuba abambe futhi ubambe into avele kudala njengoba 3-4 izinyanga. Ngokuba abanjalo ukuqeqeshwa suit ukukhanya rattles ezinomsindo. Ngalesi ubudala, bafundzi bacala kuvisisa ubuhlobo iminyakazo ethile futhi abasafufusa ngesikhathi anemisindo efanayo.

Ngezinye izinyanga mayelana 6-7 izingane ukuvula ngendlela ezimele ezihambayo emkhathini - kukhasa. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, basuke bezama ukuthola ngezinyawo zayo futhi athathe izinyathelo kuqala, futhi iqhaza abantu abadala ngempela ukuzuza le nqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ekupheleni ingane ewusana uzama ukuzilingisa abadala e balawula izinto: kuletha indebe ukuze umlomo wakhe, Rolls umshini, ushaya phezu umgqomo.

eminyakeni emibili

Phakathi nonyaka wakhe wokuqala ingane iboshelwe kunina, kodwa ukuthuthukisa esikhathini nangemuva kokuzalwa komntwana, unezela ngokuzethemba. Ezinyangeni ezingu-12 ingane isivele akwazi ukuhamba futhi uhlangabezana nobunzima, ukuzimela. Abazali iyamangala ukuthola isikhathi lapho ingane iyeke entandweni yabo bese uba umuntu nezifiso zabo.

Kutfutfukiswa ingane ngesikhathi ngasekupheleni usewusana kuhambisana kumiswa uhlamvu futhi aphosekile kakhulu. Little umcwaningi uzinzo isikhathi sokulala kuphela, futhi lonke elinye isikhathi nje ayihlali namanje.

Kufika iminyaka emibili ingane aqoqana nesilulumagama lesilinganiselwa futhi sifunde ukuqonda Enkulumweni eyayivame kulokho emva kwesikhashana baqala ukutshela bebodwa.

Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi izingane ingaqala ngezindlela ezahlukene. Nokho, zikhona izimo lapho isimiso 'ngaso sonke isikhathi' akukuhle ukusebenzisa esikhathini nangemuva kokuzalwa komntwana. Qiniseka ukuthi uthintane onguchwepheshe uma umntwana ngemva konyaka nengxenye awukaqali uhamba noma ukudlala imidlalo elula, ngemva kweminyaka emibili alisho igama noma ungaphenduli ukungabi eside kukamama (nomnakekeli omdala).

Kusukela eminyakeni emi-3 kuya kwemi-5

ukuthuthukiswa nangemuva kokuzalwa komntwana wengane uvame ukuhambisana izinkinga, futhi owokuqala esiyiminyaka emithathu ezayo. Ukuze bavale isikhala salo isikhundla "thina" iza ezimele "Mina" olushintsha sengqondo konke emhlabeni umntwana. Esikhundleni izwe lezinto wozawoza manje umelela izwe amadoda.

Encane ubudala zasenkulisa kuyinto ukuthuthukiswa imisebenzi zokuxhumana, bezibona kwezenhlalo futhi yokukhuluma imisebenzi, kanye emcabangweni ukucabanga.

Ngonyaka wesithupha wokuphila, singabona bomuntu ngamunye nobunjalo ingane. Ngosizo umcabango yomntwana ngokoqobo uveza ukuphila kwakho ngemibala egqamile. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi imidwebo yezingane engu zasenkulisa - siwukuba nobuhlobo nezwe engaphakathi umculi abasha.

Eduzane isikhathi esikoleni ingane kahle ngamakhasimende nesikhathi nendawo, ezintweni zansuku zonke kanye nobudlelwane phakathi kwabantu.

Kusukela eminyakeni 6 kuya ku-10

On ukulungela nomphakathi yesikole ithi ibonakalisa crisis zeminyaka 6-7. Ingane inkosikazi iyazama ukuqonda indawo yakhe ubudlelwano eziyinkimbinkimbi zezenhlalo, kukhona ukwehlukana emhlabeni zangaphakathi nezangaphandle.

Ngo Eminyakeni yokuqala esikoleni izinguquko eziphawulekayo ibhekane inkumbulo kanye nombono. umsebenzi ohamba phambili kuba efundisa, kukhona eminye imithwalo yemfanelo nemidanti.

Abafundi ezibonisa ubuntu nentshisakalo mncintiswano. Bahlale abakhuthele, yonke into eziyibonayo futhi zibe namandla. Izingane kubalulekile ukubona isibonelo esihle phambi kwamehlo ethu: uthando lwabazali, wobungane, ukuzimisela ukusiza nokuhloniphana.