I-phosphate ye-flour: ifomula, ukwakheka, izindawo, uhlelo lokusebenza

I-phosphate yemifino iyalinywa ngokugcwele emhlabathini ngaphambi kokutshala izitshalo. Ukuphumelela kwesenzo salo kubonakala emhlabathini owumile, ngoba ukwakheka komhlaba kuthinta ukwehla kwe-phosphorus esimweni esitshala ukuthi izitshalo ziyashesha. Lokhu kuyilungelo elifanelekile kunoma yiliphi isiko lokutshala, ngaphandle kokunye.

Kumfula umthengi we-phosphorite ufika ngesimo se-brown noma i-greyish, asikhiphunga, kungenasiphelo emanzini. Ukufaneleka kwalolu thuluzi ukuthi kunesikhathi eside sokusebenza okusebenzayo. Zisetshenziswa njengomanyolo oyinhloko wokulima nokulungiselela ama-compost ngokusekelwe ku-peat nomquba. Njengoba i-phosphates iyancibilika kancane emanzini, umanyolo ufana nezitshalo kuphela enhlabathini ye-asidi. Ezweni elinjalo, ufulawa we-phosphate (ifomu Ca ₃ (PO ₄ ) ₂ ) liguqulwa libe yi-dihydrogen phosphate.

Ukukhiqizwa

I-phosphorites, eyakha isisekelo somanyolo, ilele emhlabeni emigqeni. Zithathwe ndawonye nobumba, isihlabathi kanye namanye amadwala. Ngokuvamile, ngaphandle kwama-phosphorites, ama-calcites, ama-apatites ne-silika atholakala. Kulesi simo, ukukhishwa kwabo kuhambisana, futhi izitshalo zokucubungula zitholakala eduze kwezindawo zokukhipha.

Umanyolo uthola indlela yokuhlanza ama-phosphorites esihlabathini nasobumba, elandelwa ukuchotshozwa ngezicucu nokugaya. Ukuthi ufulawa we-phosphorite ukhiqizwa kanjani. Ukwakhiwa komanyolo kubandakanya i-quartz, i-calcium, i-gypsum neyodwa.

Umanyolo uhlelwe kahle umhlaba futhi uhlala lapho ungeze khona. Futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi ngenkathi ukuphuza umkhiqizo ungangeni ngaphakathi enhlabathini futhi ungagcini emhlabathini. Ngaphambi kokuqala ufulawa wokutshala, i-phosphorite ifakwa ngokujulile enhlabathini enomanzi, ohlelweni lwempande yezitshalo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuntuleka kokuhamba kwe-phosphorus: lapho isondela kakhulu ekuzimpandeni, umphumela wayo usebenza ngokwengeziwe.

Phakathi nesingeniso esingajulile somanyolo, ingxenye yayo ihlala phezu komhlaba, ngokushesha idla, okuholela ekuqotheni kwezimpande. Ngakho-ke, ukusondla okuphezulu ngaphandle kokuvalwa uphawu okujulile akusebenzi. Ukuphakama kokugaya ufulawa, kungcono ukubola kwe-phosphorus ngaphansi kwethonya lomhlabathi we-asidi futhi kulula ukugcizelela izitshalo.

I-Phosphorus ingenye ye-microelements eyisisekelo edingekayo ekubunjweni kwempande, ukukhula kwezitshalo nokuvuthwa kwembewu. Ilawula izinqubo ze-metabolic futhi inike amandla amandla, kube umthombo obalulekile wokudla. Ezinye izitshalo zidinga inani elibalulekile le-phosphorus, abanye - ngaphansi. Kodwa into eyodwa icacile: ngaphandle kwalesi sici impilo yezitshalo iphela.

Okubalulekile: efakwe emhlabathini ngobuningi, akubanga neze umonakalo kufulawa we-phosphate, umanyolo uhlanganiswa emigqumeni edingekayo futhi kusiza ukunciphisa umonakalo onobungozi bomhlabathi omile. Umanyolo wabonakalisa umphumela omuhle ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwawo enhlabathini ye-sod-podzolic, i- cherryzems yama-marshy ne-alkaline.

Ukuntuleka kwe-phosphorus kuthinta izitshalo hhayi ngendlela engcono kakhulu. Ukukhula kwabo kunciphisa, izimpande azakhiwe kahle.

Izimpawu zokuntuleka kwe-phosphorus

Uma wazi izimpawu zokuntuleka kwanoma yiziphi izakhi, zinganyuswa ngokushesha. Ukuntuleka kwe-phosphorus emhlabeni kubonakala kulokhu okulandelayo:

• Izitshalo zishintsha umbala wazo zibheke eziluhlaza okomnyama noma obomvu.
• Ukubonakala kwamaqabunga ukuguquka, bawa ekuseni.
• Amashidi angaphansi ahlanganiswe namabala amnyama.
• Lesi sitshalo singena ekukhuleni futhi siqala ukuhluma.
• I-rhizome isakhiwe kancane kangangokuthi isitshalo siwela emhlabathini.

Izimbangela zokubonakala kwendlala e-phosphorus ezitshalweni

Lezi zimpawu zingasuswa kalula uma ufulawa we-phosphoric wengezwa ngesikhathi. Izimbangela zokuntuleka kwe-phosphorus zihlanganisa:

• Ukuguqulwa kwe-phosphorus emafomu engathinteki.
• Ukwengeza okungcono kwama-fertilizer.
• Ukususwa kwenhlabathi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa komhlaba okusebenzayo.
• Ukususwa kwe-phosphorus ngesitshalo ngaphandle kokungezelela kwalokho okulandelayo.
• Inhlabathi iphathwa ngokungahleliwe.

Izici ezihle

• Ukwengezwa kwe-phosphorus kusiza ukwandisa isivuno.
• Ithuthukisa ukulwa nezifo.
• Ukwandisa ngokuphawulekayo okuqukethwe kwe-ushukela emithonjeni yezitshalo.
• Ugcwala isitshalo ngezici ezilandelwayo zokulandelela.
• Kunciphisa ukuvuthwa kokuvuna.
• Ikhuthaza ukumelana nesithwathwa, isomiso noma umswakama.
• Kunciphisa i-leaching yezinto eziwusizo ezisemhlabathini.

Ufulawa lwe-Phosphorite, izindawo okwakucatshangwa ngazo ngenhla, ayitholi umswakama. Ngesikhathi isitoreji sesikhathi eside asilahlekelwa izici zayo: ayichithi emanzini, ayikhiphi amathumba, ayiqhumbuli, kodwa inothuli.

Amaprotheni we-phosphate

Umquba we-phosphoric uziphatha ngokuhlukile ngamanzi, ngakho-ke ahlukaniswe ngokuthi:

• Izitshalo ziqukethe kalula. Zihlobene nezigqoko eziphezulu eziphezulu, futhi ziyanconywa ukuba zifakwe enhlabathini e-acidic ne-alkali.
• Izitshalo azitholakali kalula. Lezi zihlanganisa i-phosphoric kanye ne-bone meal, esetshenziswa enhlabathini ye-acidic ne-grey. Izimila zizokwazi ukuthola i-phosphorus ngemuva kokuvezwa kwe-acidity yenhlabathi noma i-asidi, ekhishwa ezimpandeni.

I-phosphorite ipulazi ngisho nohlaka oluhlakazekile ebusweni bomhlaba bese ugoba ngaphezulu, ngokusekelwe ekubalweni kwamamitha ayizikwele eziyizigidi ezingu-30 kg. Lokhu kuhle kakhulu entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqala kwesikhathi sokuhlwanyela. Ukwengeza ufulawa kanye ne- lime e-slaked akukhuthazwa ngesikhathi esifanayo.

I-fosmook ene-milled, efika emhlabathini, ihlanganiswa kalula nezitshalo. Ikhwalithi engaphezulu ihlanganiswe nenhlabathi, umphumela omkhulu wokusetshenziswa kwayo.

Ufulawa lwe-Phosphorite luphephile ngokwemvelo. Isicelo sawo asiholeli ukungcola nge-toxins yenhlabathi namabhadidi. Awuphuli ukulinganisela kwemvelo, futhi lokhu kuyinzuzo ebalulekile ngaphezu kokufaka umquba wamanzi.

Isidlo se-Bone

Lapho kukhishwa i-phosphorus emithini yezinto eziphilayo ezivela emvelweni, kutholakala isidlo senyama. Yenziwe ngamathambo asetshenziselwa imfuyo emikhulu, lo manyolo usetshenziselwa ngokuqinile kuwo wonke ama-plantings amasiko. Ngaphezu kwe-phosphorus, ukudla kwamathambo nakho kungumthombo we-nitrogen ne-calcium futhi kuyinhle yokudla izilimo zezitshalo ezifana namazambane, utamatisi namakhukhamba.

Ukugcina nokukhula ekhaya izimbali, amathambo asetshenziswa njalo kaningi kunokuqothula okubizayo kwama-phosphoric. Kubonakala ngokuyinhloko umphumela wayo ozuzayo ezitshalweni ezinkulu ezikhulayo ebhodini. Kufanelekile ukucabangela ukuthi umquba, i-peat noma umquba uyasetshenziswa ngama-kilogram, isidlo sesifuba kufanele sibalwa amagremu noma izinkezo.

Umanyolo ngotshani

Imvelo ngokwayo ivumela abalimi ukuba balungise umquba we-phosphate emhlathini. Njengesizathu, lezo zitshalo eziqukethe i-nitrogen eningi ziyathathwa. Ukwengeza izitshalo ezinjalo kuzokwenza ngcono futhi kucebise umquba. Izitshalo zomzimba eziyimvelo zihlanganisa izitshalo ezilandelayo: izithelo zentaba, i-hawthorn, umhlonyane, i-thyme kanye ne-feather utshani. Uma usebenzisa lezi zitshalo, ungathola umquba onomsoco ngaphandle kokufaka umquba wamakhemikhali.

Izinyathelo zokuphepha

I-phosphate ye-flour iyinto enobuthi obuphansi, inegaba le-hazard 4. Kodwa uma usebenza nayo, gqoka i-respirator kanye ne-suit yokuzivikela ukuvimbela ingress yefulawa ibe yindlela yokuphefumula. Uma isengeneni nasemakhaleni, kumele ihlanjululwe ngamanzi bese isuka endaweni ephathwayo.

Umhlabathi, ocebile nge-phosphorus, uhlukile kuneqiniso. Kodwa ngenxa yokwengeza okuhleliwe kwama-fertilizer, inani le-phosphorus elidingekayo ekukhuleni okujwayelekile nokuvuthwa kwezitshalo kuqoqa. Ngakho-ke, akudingeki ukuba kwenziwe njalo ngonyaka, kwanele kanye eminyakeni emithathu noma emine. Ukudla okwesikhashana kuzokusiza ukuqoqa umsebenzi ofanele wokuvuna kwakho.