I Persian inkosi uKoresi Omkhulu: A Biography. Kungani inkosi yasePheresiya uKoresi okuthiwa grand?

UKoresi II (Karash noma Kurush II) - onekhono nomholi wezempi futhi inkosi yasePheresiya, ngubani phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe wathola isidlaliso "Omkhulu", lapho afike wasungula khona iSikhungo enamandla uMbuso WasePheresiya, ekuhlanganiseni isimo lahlakazeka lasuka eMedithera-Indian Ocean. Kungani inkosi yasePheresiya uKoresi okuthiwa Elikhulu? Igama ohlakaniphile umbusi brilliant owaleli, ezimboziwe nge ezinganekwaneni, eziningi amaqiniso bebakhohliwe phakade, kodwa zisekhona omangalisayo izikhumbuzo wafakaza kunqoba ngoKoresi, futhi Pasargadae, owokuqala inhloko-dolobha Achaemenid, okungukuthi i-Mausoleum lapho yakhe zinsalela kusolakala angcwatshwe.

AseKhiri Veliky: A iDemo Biography

Umsuka futhi iminyaka esiqondile ukuphila zikaKoresi Omkhulu alwaziwa. Ngo yokugcina umlando izazimlando zasendulo - uHerodotus, uXenophon, Csete - wahlala izinguqulo eziphikisa. Ngokwe ezivamile wabo, wayengumzukulu uKoresi Achaemenes, umsunguli we Achaemenid lwamakhosi, indodana yenkosi yasePheresiya uCambyses mina indodakazi yenkosi yamaMede Astyages (Ishtuvegu) Mandana. Wazalwa cishe ngo-593 BC

Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo

Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila umntwana wasebukhosini elinde sizi. Ukukholelwa amaphupho sakhe esiyisiprofetho nasesibonelweni izibikezelo mayelana abapristi ikusasa ukunqoba okukhulu, ukhulule lomfana owayesaboshiwe esibelethweni, Astyages odile kwezikhonzi zakhe ukubulala umzukulu ezisanda kuzalwa. Kungakhathaliseki aphume isihawu noma ngenxa ukwenqena bahlanganyele into eyesabekayo ukuze Harpagos, induna kwenkosi engumMede, wanika umalusi inceku ingane, ngaphambilini bamphonse ezintabeni kudliwe yizilwane zasendle. Ngo inceku ngenkathi wafa amadodana asanda kuzalwa, umzimba elithize abengumsunguli begqoke izingubo zikanokusho futhi washiya isikhulu endaweni esekusithekeni. UKoresi wathatha isikhundla umufi, bebelele endlini sikamalusi.

Kuyo yonke le minyaka, Astyages efundile inkohliso futhi wawajezisa kanzima Harpagos, uze ubulale indodana yakhe, kodwa umzukulu omdala, akusali futhi ithunyelwa abazali yasePheresiya, ngoba abapristi, waqiniseka ukuthi ingozi ayisekho. kamuva Harpagos eyeke ngoKoresi, okuholela omunye wamabutho inkosi yasePheresiya.

Ivukela amaMede

Cishe 558 BC uKoresi waba inkosi yasePheresiya, luncike Media, futhi ngaphansi kwesizwe kakhokho wakhe, Astyages. Lo mbhikisho wokuqala ngokumelene namaPheresiya amaMede kwenzeka ngo-553 ka umqalisi walo wawenziwe Harpagos, ugobe Astyages Median yizikhonzi futhi kwaheha ama ngakuye kaKoresi. emva izimpi zokuchitheka kwegazi okukhulu kunakho senkosi yasePheresiya iminyaka 3 ethumba Akimetha, inhloko-dolobha Abezindaba wamgudluza bawuthumba kwenkosi engumMede.

Antipersidskaya sokusebenzisana

Ngemva kokunqoba ukuvelela inkosi yomunye amancane ikakhulukazi kakhulu encane Persian ababusi kakhulu enamandla uthi ngesikhathi Ephakathi nase-Asia Minor - Egypt, uLidiya, iBhabhiloni - eyakheke uhlobo sokusebenzisana uKuVimbela intuthuko e noma isiqondiso Persian amabutho. Coalition asekelwe Sparta - enamandla kunazo Polis wamasosha Hellenic. Ngu 549 BC aseKhiri Veliky yanqoba Elamu, engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga-Iran yanamuhla, bese yanqoba Hyrcania, eParte, eMediya, e-Armenia, lapho beniyingxenye isimo Median. Inkosi laseKhilikhiya ngokuzithandela eyeke ngoKoresi futhi kamuva ngokuphindaphindiwe enikeziwe usizo lwebutho.

Ukunqoba uLidiya

Kira Velikogo izintaba kuze kube sekugcineni emlandweni. Ngo-547 BC UCroesus ziyaphawuleka, inkosi yakwa-uLidiya elichumayo, bazama ukuyibamba eKhaphadosiya, elalisendaweni ngale ndaba endaweni zikaKoresi. Lydian ibutho wahlangana ukumelana abanolaka, uCroesus wakhetha ukuhoxisa amasosha ayo lulama, bese ulwe eKhaphadosiya uKoresi. Kodwa ibutho Persian cishe ngosuku olulandelayo wabonakala ezindongeni laseSardesi, inhlokodolobha uLidiya inqaba ungenakunqotshwa. UCroesus waphoqeleka ukuba aphonse in izinqola zakhe phambili, kodwa uKoresi nge Harpagos, ngaleso sikhathi wayebe nomholi wezempi futhi omunye izifundo onokwethenjelwa kunayo yonke, inkosi yasePheresiya, necebo hambisa brilliant Tactical: e umPheresiya ibutho phambili esikhundleni sohlelo abagibele amahhashi sasingamashumi ikholomu amakamela lapho wahlala abahlomileyo . Lydian amahhashi Bebona nephunga ezingemnandi kuzo Ikamela ngabakhulisa, nabagibeli zaziphonswa aliphonse ebaleka. Lydian nabagibeli Kwakudingeka sizinike mpi wehla, okwaholela ukunqotshwa. LaseSardesi zazisesimweni esibi zokuvimbezela, kodwa ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa asewile kusukela namaPheresiya enqoba izindonga emaweni le nqaba ngokusebenzisa indlela imfihlo. UCroesus lathunjwa uKoresi, uLydia ukulawula okwakukhona Harpagos, ezaba yingxenye yemiBhalo eMbusweni WasePheresiya.

Inkosi uKoresi Omkhulu, ngokusekelwa yangaphambili wohlanga olukhulu Median, okuyinto cishe wambulala esewusana, uye baphumelele Amazing. Nakuba amabutho kaKoresi wathuthela inhliziyo Central Asia, Harpagos ethumba umuzi yamaGreki e -Asia Minor futhi ukuyiveza kokuhlubuka kwase-uLidiya ngokumelene namaPheresiya. Kancane kancane, uMbuso Achaemenid kwakwanda kuzo zonke izindawo. Kusukela eminyakeni 545 kuya 540. BC. e. ifake Drangiana, Bactria, Khorezm, Margiana, Sogdiana, Arachosia Gandahara, Gedrosia.

Ukuthatha kukaKoresi iBabiloni Elikhulu

Manje usongo olukhulu ukuze UKoresi Omkhulu waba bagxila eBhabhiloni, lapho munye Syria, eMesophothamiya, Palestine, eFenike, eKhilikhiya empumalanga, enyakatho eNhlonhlweni ye-Arabhiya. Inkosi yaseBhabhiloni uNabonidasi kwadingeka isikhathi esanele sokulungiselela ngezinga elikhulu empini nge namaPheresiya, kuze amabutho kaKoresi esakhiwe earthworks ukuzivikela ezigodini futhi Gind Diyalá emifuleni. I lasendulo eBabele wayedume eqinile, ulungele noma yiziphi izimpi ibutho nenala wezinqaba ungenakunqotshwa kulo lonke elakwa. Okunzima kakhulu isakhiwo ukuzivikela yiBhabheli castle nge umsele ejulile egcwele amanzi, futhi izindonga awugqinsi ukuphakama kusuka 8 kuya ku-12 m.

Nokho, iKhiri Veliky, inkosi yasePheresiya, ogama biography othulwe ukunakwa kwakho isihloko esondela dolobha. Agasti 539 kwaphawulwa inqotshwa kabuhlungu kanye nokufa inkosi yaseBhabhiloni yi endodaneni yokusungula on the iTigrisi. Awela iTigrisi, babelingana namaPheresiya ethumba Sippar ngo-Okthoba, futhi nje izinsukwana kwaba cishe ngaphandle kokulwa ezayiswa eBhabhiloni. UNabonidasi, owayengeyena ethandwa futhi iyahlonishwa futhi naphezu kwabakhileyo eBabele, noma emazweni ayenqotshiwe, ayikho nezikhonzi zabo siqu futhi amasosha, wagudluzwa, kodwa akukhona nje ukuthi iyaphila kodwa waqokwa satrap ephaketheni lakhe.

Inkosi uKoresi Omkhulu wavumela abantu badingiselwa ukuba abuyele ekhaya, izikhulu zendawo agcinwayo amalungelo, ngaphambilini ukubuyisela libhujiswa abaseBhabhiloni futhi abase-Asiriya amasonto ezifundeni ezinabantu, buyela izithombe. Kuyinto ngenxa uKoresi amaJuda ithuba ukubuyela Palestine futhi ukubuyisela Indawo yayo esemqoka - ethempelini eJerusalema.

Njengoba Egypt wakwazi ukugcina sovereignty

Ngo-538 BC uKoresi yazibeka "le nkosi yaseBhabhiloni, inkosi yezwe." Zonke izifundazwe zalo mbuso waseBabiloni ngokuzithandela neyaziwayo igunya umbusi wasePheresiya. Achaemenid umbuso ngo-530 BC It welulela Kusukela Ekukhululweni EGibhithe Kuya India. Ngaphambi beluthumela amasosha eGibhithe, uKoresi unqume ukulawula indawo ephakathi iCaspian kanye Aral Sea, ababehlala izizwe ayimizulane eholwa Queen Massagets Tomiris.

AseKhiri Veliky, inkosi yasePheresiya, yadlulisela izinso zaseBabiloni indodana yakhe endala, uCambyses II waya umkhawulo North-Eastern kombuso wakhe. Ngalesi sikhathi isimo sakhe umkhankaso uqediwe kabuhlungu - umnqobi omkhulu wafa. UCambyses hhayi ngokushesha akwazi ukuthola izinsalela kayise bamngcwaba ngokufaneleyo.

Umama wathukuthela wagan 'unwabu - imbangela ngokufa Kira Velikogo

Adume ngaphezulu aseKhiri Veliky? Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo ogcwele yomlando wakhe. Okulandelayo ungomunye wabo.

Ngo esigabeni sokuqala noKoresi njengokungathi inhlanhla njalo okuhle. Ngaphambi walayela nebutho lakhe ukubeka isitimela zithwesiwe wineskin. Lamabutho labantu abayimizulane ehlaselwa lolu hide, amasosha wayeke aliphuze iwayini, waphuza, ngaphandle kokulwa bathunjwa kusukela namaPheresiya. Mhlawumbe eyayingase iqedwe ngokuba inkosi yasePheresiya ngokuphepha, uma kungekhona phakathi Massagetae ethumba wayeyindodana indlovukazi.

Lapho ufunda ukuthunjwa Prince, Tomiris bagan 'unwabu ukubulala umPheresiya obuqili ngazo zonke izindlela. Ngo Massagets impi wabonisa intukuthelo enjalo ukuthi amaPheresiya akakwazanga ngisho wenze umzimba ensimini yenkosi oshonile. Ngu-oda Tomiris, uKoresi elinqunywe ikhanda washaya nemvaba yewayini ...

Empire ngemva kokufa Cyrus ethi

UKoresi II Ukufa Omkhulu akazange abangele ukuwa umbuso walo. Grand umbuso Achaemenid yayikhona kwindlela ke washiya umholi onamakhono lempi, eminye iminyaka engu-200, kuze kaDariyu, ongowozalo luka-uKoresi, hhayi olwembiza Aleksandr Makedonsky.

AseKhiri Veliky, inkosi yasePheresiya, uJesu akabanga nje kusho owaleli brilliant owayazi indlela yokubala every little thing, kodwa futhi umbusi ngenhlonipho ngubani wakwazi ukugcina eqhoqhobelele ezindaweni linqotshwe lingazange ubudlova nokuchithwa kwegazi. Kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka, namaPheresiya sacabanga ngaye "nguyise wezizwe," namaJuda - ogcotshiweyo kaJehova.