I-Museum ye-Patriotic War ye-1812 eMoscow: ikheli, amahora wokuvula, izibuyekezo, isithombe

Ngo-2012, iRussia yagubha usuku lokugubha usuku lokuzalwa - ibutho lempi lokunqoba ibutho laseNapoleonic. Kulo mcimbi kwaqedwa ukuvulwa kwendawo eyakhiwe enhlokodolobha enkulu yamabhantshi amabili, okwakhiwa i-Museum of the Patriotic War of 1812 . Umqondo wokudala isikhumbuzo esinjalo wabonakala ekhulwini le-XIX, kodwa iminyaka eminingi izimo ezihlukahlukene zavimbela ukuqaliswa kwayo, futhi ekugcineni, iRussia ithola imyuziyamu efanelekile ukukhumbula lezo zenzakalo eziyingqayizivele.

Isikhumbuzo somsindo

Ngemuva kokuthi umuzi waseFilimu ungene emlandweni waseRussia njengendawo lapho uMuzuzov enza khona isinqumo seqiniso kuphela ngaleso sikhathi sokuzinikezela eMoscow, endlini lapho amaphoyisa ayebuthene khona isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka awalondoloza ngokucophelela izinto zokuqala ezihlobene nalokhu kubalulekile Umcimbi.

Ngo-1868, umnikazi wezwe lapho "i-Kutuzov hut" yayitholakala khona - umphathi waseMoscow u-E.D. Naryshkin - wakhulelwa ukuba awunike isipho edolobheni ukuze enze isikhumbuzo kulo , kepha ngeshwa lezi zinhlelo azifanele zifezeke: Ngonyaka ofanayo nendlu yomlando yashiswa.

Izindlela ezivela kubantu

Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili kamuva, ngo-1888, izishoshovu zama-Orthodox zaseMoscow zenza isenzo sokuthanda izwe. Ngezindleko ze-Union of Banners, eyakhiwa ngaphansi kweCathhedral of Christ uMsindisi, yakha ikhophi eqondile yomlando we-Kutuzov, iphrojekthi eyakhiwe ngumdwebi uN. D. Strukov. Empeleni, kwakuyi-museum yokuqala ye-Patriotic War of 1812, eyaba khona ngo-1929.

Ngokungangabazeki, amaRussia ngezikhathi zonke babe nomuzwa wokuthanda izwe nokubonga labo abaphethe izikhali ezandleni zabo bavikela izwe labo ezitheni. Lokhu kwabonakala ngokucacile esinqumweni sabasebenzi besiteshi sesitimela uBorodino, owadala ngo-1903 esiteshini ekwakheni isichazamazwi esitshela ngezenzakalo zempi noNapoleon.

Isinqumo Esiphakeme Kunazo zonke

Lokhu, kakade okwesibili ngalesi sikhathi samamyuziyamu we-Patriotic War of 1812, evuliwe ngokuzikhethela, kwashukumisela u-Emperor Nicholas II ukuba akhiphe isimemezelo esiphezulu ekudaleni isikhumbuzo sombuso esikhumbuzweni salo mcimbi, okwakuzogubha iminyaka eyikhulu. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi lesi sinyathelo samukelwa ngokufudumele kuzo zonke izinhlaka zomphakathi.

Umsebenzi wekomidi, owawunikelwe ukwakha iMyuziyamu ye- Patriotic War of 1812 eMoscow , wanikezwa umphathi we-General Staff, uVladimir Aleksandrovich Afanasyev. Lokhu kukhetho akukona ngengozi - ngokuba ngumxhumanisi omkhulu womlando kanye ne-patriot yeqiniso yaseRussia, uVladimir Alexandrovich waqoqa ngokwanele izinto eziningi ezabambe iqhaza ekuhloleni izenzakalo zalezo minyaka ezingakhohlwa. Umsebenzi wakhe njengenhloko yekomidi, waqala ngokushicilelwa kwencwajana ngokukhetha indawo yesikhathi esizayo emnyuziyamu.

Ukugubha iminyaka eyikhulu

Eminyakeni emithathu ngaphambi kokugubha usuku oluphawulekayo e-Poteshny Palace - isithasiselo esasendongeni elisentshonalanga yeKremlin - kwakhiwa imyuziyamu encane ye-Patriotic War of 1812. EMoscow, lesi senzakalo sathola impendulo enhle kakhulu, futhi ku-Palace Street, lapho kuvezwe khona indawo, kwakuhlale kugcwele.

Ekuqaleni kwemikhosi emikhulu, eyenzeka ngo-1912, umbukiso omkhulu waqala endaweni ye-Imperial Historical Museum, eyabangelwa umsebenzi wekomidi eliholwa yi-VA Afanasyev. Izethulo zayo zafakwa emahholo ayisishiyagalolunye, ngasinye sazo saba nesiqondiso saso esiqondile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izivakashi zalowo mbukiso wanikezwa ngokukhethekile emidwebo yaseSt. Petersburg nguVasily Vereshchagin, owabhala uchungechunge oluthi "1812" futhi wagcinwa ekuqoqweni kweMashimusi yaseRussia. Intshisekelo enkulu nayo yakhonyiswa embukisweni owawunikezelwa kumamyuziyamu kusuka kubalondolozi kanye nabalondolozi be-AA Bakhrushin. Kwakusekelwe kulo mbukiso weJubane ukuthi kwakulungiswe ukwakha kamuva umyuziyamu wePatririotic War of 1812 eMoscow.

Izimo ezaphula zonke izinhlelo

Umsebenzi oqhubekayo ekudalweni kwemyuziyamu kwaqeda impi yama-imperialist, futhi ukuguqulwa kuka-Okthoba okwalandela kwaqhubekela phambili ngokuphelele ekusebenziseni le phrojekthi isikhathi esingapheli. U-VA Afanasyev, owanikezwa isikhundla se-general general ngaleso sikhathi, wawela ngokuzithandela waya ohlangothini lwaBolsheviks, kodwa kule minyaka yesithathu kwaba ngaphansi kwesinye isinqumo sikaStalin futhi waboshwa ngezinsolo zokubandakanyeka enhlanganweni ye-anti-Soviet. Ngenhlanhla, imibukiso eyethulwa embukisweni ngo-1912, ayizange ilahleke, kodwa yayigcinwa ezinqolobaneni ze-Historical Museum.

Emakhulu amabili emva kukaBorodino

Kwadlula iminyaka, ukugubha usuku olulandelayo lokuxoshwa kwabahlaseli baseNapoleonic abasuka ensimini yaseRussia. Lesi sikhathi kwakudingeka ukugubha i-bicentennial yalesi senzakalo esibalulekile. Eminyakeni emibili ngaphambi kweJubane, ukwakhiwa kwesikhangiso esikhethekile sembukiso yaqala ukuveza imiboniso emakamelo okugcina amamyuziyamu omlando, ngokusekelwe ezintweni eziqoqwe emuva ngo-1912. Ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amane namashumi amane abelwe isabelomali sombuso ngale njongo.

Yonke imisebenzi eyenziwa ngaphansi koMnyango WezoMvelo yaqedwa ngo-2012, futhi ekuqaleni kokugubha iMyuziyamu ye-Patriotic War of 1812 (ikheli: eMoscow, Revolution Square, 2/3) yavulwa. Lesi senzakalo senzeke ngoSeptemba 4, futhi sekusele izinsuku ezimbili kamuva amahholo ayo athola izivakashi zokuqala.

Isikali nokuvezwa okukhulu

Ukuvezwa kweyamamyuziyamu esanda kusungulwa kakhulu. Ziqukethe izintambo eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili, phakathi kwazo izikhali zalezo zinsuku, iifomifomu, imibhalo engavamile, kanye nemidwebo ebonisa izithombe zobuciko zezenzakalo ezivelele. Ukusabela okujabulisayo kwezivakashi kutholakala ezintweni ezibonisa ubuso bezinombolo ezimbili zomlando zaleso sikhathi, ababusi ababili - isiRussia nesiFulentshi.

Kusukela manje, emkhatsini wemibukiso yezindlunkulu zenhloko-dolobha, i-Museum of the Patriotic War of 1812 inendawo efanelekayo. Ukubuyekeza ngomsebenzi wakhe ukukhuluma ngokwabo. Amakhulu abantu, ngemva kokuhlola lo mbukiso, ufisa ukwabelana ngemibono yabo nalabo abazovakashela. Umbono wabo uthakazelisa kakhulu futhi uyigugu ngoba akungakhethi: abantu baveza umbono wabo obala.

Imibukiso engakhohlwayo kakhulu

Njengoba kungabonakala kusukela kokungeniswa okuningi okushiywe yizivakashi zalowo mboniso, i-fragment yodonga oludongeni olwethulwe ekuqaleni kwesikhulumi sichaza. Le fresco eyasinda ngokuyisimangaliso ngemva kokubhujiswa kwethempeli eliyinhloko eMoscow ngoDisemba 1931, eyakhiwe ngokubonga uMsindisi, owathobisa iRussia yamaqembu aseNapoleonic. Umlobi walo - umdwebi odumile waseRussia wekhulu le-XIX u-Henryk Semiradsky - wabonisa isimo esibucayi kakhulu esichasayo, esinikeza uphawu lokungahambi kahle kwezikhali zaseRussia.

Phakathi kwezibuyekezo, kunesithakazelo esikhethekile komunye umbukiso oyingqayizivele owethulwe embukisweni. Lona inkemba yangempela eyayiyingxenye yeNapoleon futhi yanikezwa ngu- Count Shuvalov njengesibonakaliso sokubonga ngokumsindisa esixukwini esithukuthele ngenkathi ilandela indawo yokudingiselwa esiqhingini sase-Elba.

Futhi, umsebenzi wohlelo lwe-multimedia oluhlanganisiwe kulokho okuvezwayo nakho kwenza kube nomqondo omuhle, okuvumela ukufanekisa izinto ezivezwe kuwo ngokubonisa amavidyo kliphu kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamamephu e-animated of izimpi.

Isimemo kumamyuziyamu

Kubo bonke abathanda umlando we-Motherland yethu, kuzoba mnandi futhi kuwusizo ukuvakashela iMusic Museum ye Patriotic War of 1812. Amahora okuvulwa: NgoLwesihlanu nangoMgqibelo - kusukela ngo-10: 00 kuya ku-21: 00, nasezinsukwini ezisele zesonto - kusukela ngo-10: 00 kuya ku-18: 00. Kucatshangwa ukuthi kuhlolwe ngabanye ukuvezwa, nokuhlelwa kokuvakasha. I-Museum of the Patriotic War of 1812 eMoscow, ikheli layo elikhonjisiwe ngenhla, lihlala enkundleni yemigwaqo emibili ephakathi kweMoscow City Duma kanye nesakhiwo se-Old Mint.

Kunzima ukugcizelela ukubaluleka kwalesi simyuziyamu semfundo yabakhamuzi baseRussia, ikakhulukazi intsha, imizwa yothando ngoMlandland nokuthanda izwe. Akuyona into eyenzekayo ukuthi ukunakekelwa okukhulu okunjalo kwakhokhwa ekudalweni isikhumbuzo kulo lonke isikhathi esidlulile kusukela ezinsukwini lapho isosha lokugcina laseNapoleonic lisuka eRussia.