Izinhlangano zamabhizinisi. Kuyini sigejana a? Incazelo, izici zayo

Kusukela ekupheleni kwelikhulu XIX futhi ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili e-emtsetfweni Russian babé ngaphezulu, uma iqhathaniswa nayo ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlangano, ukusabalala. Umhlaba ikakhulu eziningi zalezi kwakuphambene eFrance.

Kuyini sigejana a?

Igama elithi ngokwanele polysemous. Ngokuvamile, lezi izinhlangano kuyinto umfelandawonye lapho umphakathi kwamiswa bemvelo izinto ezibonakalayo. Emtsetfweni embonini abavamile kanye nomphakathi. emazweni ahlukahlukene zinezindlela ezahlukene ukuchaza ukuthi uphinde usebenzise. Ngokwesibonelo, le ncazelo lisetshenziswa ukuze libhekisele ngokuyinhloko kuphela uhlobo olulodwa Imifelandawonye ibhizinisi. Futhi njengoba inhloso likasoseshini wakhuthaza impumelelo iqhaza kuqhathaniswa evumayo (ukuqina noma ukuphakama) inzuzo ezingeni. Izindlela sokulungiselela yayo kukhiqizwe, ukuthenga izinto ezidingekayo imikhiqizo, kanye ngokuhlanganyela marketing isiqondiso. Uma lokhu ukuhumusha umqondo usezuze uhlamvu ngamazwe. umthetho isiRashiya, njengoba ngempela futhi emazweni Europe ne-United States akazange achaze ukuthi uphinde usebenzise.

Izici

Ukuhlukanisa uhlobo ukubika izinhlangano zamabhizinisi iwukuba eziqhathanisa namanye zilwane. Ngokwesibonelo, inhlangano abakhiqizi - trust noma Cartel. Syndicate - umfelandawonye amabhizinisi noma amabhizinisi ezisebenza kule mboni efanayo nabathengisi. Esimweni sokuqala, imisebenzi yenkampani Kusolwa ngezinga elikhulu wesi imiqulu ukukhiqizwa futhi yokuthengisa, ukwehla izindleko. Ngakho, injongo kumiswa Cartel imifelandawonye - nokuvimbela izinkampani ezingaphezu kuka-inzuzo ahlanganisiwe. Kuyini ubesiza kulesi simo, futhi yiziphi imigomo yayo? Lokhu kuhlobana uye wasebenzisa zokuhlala amanani ikontraga imikhiqizo. Umphumela iwumgomo oyinhloko izinyunyana - ukuhlinzeka ezingeni esimeme futhi okusezingeni eliphezulu engenayo ibhizinisi. Emtsetfweni ezingaphezu kuka-trust noma nombimbi, inesifiso monopolization ngokuphelele nezimboni olufanele kanye nezimakethe.

ngezigaba

amaqembu ahlukene emtsetfweni khona eRussia. Phakathi izinhlangano zezimboni kwakungamadodana ethandwa kakhulu ngempahla kanye zabasebenzi. Bahlanganisa ukudayiswa futhi kukhiqizwe izinhlobo ezahlukene imikhiqizo. Ngokuhambisana degree of ukuhlanganiswa inhlangano kunemibandela ihlukaniswe ngezivumelwano zamabhizinisi (amabhizinisi), okuyinto waphetha ukuze kuzuzwe ezithile (kunomkhawulo) izinjongo, trust futhi, eqinisweni, emtsetfweni. Kuye ububanzi indawo imisebenzi Union kungaba kazwelonke noma wendawo. Eyokuqala ihlanganisa zonke izinkampani ezibaluleke kakhulu ezisebenza kule mboni efanayo, kanti eyesibili - yisibalo esilinganiselwe kuphela eyodwa noma enye indawo. Kwakukhona emtsetfweni ngamazwe. Babehlanganyela namabhizinisi Russian. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1903 kwamiswa inyunyana ukudayisa ushukela isithombo sebhitrudi, umquba kanye hay nezimfoloko. Njengengxenye yalolu mbimbi yahanjelwa izinkampani Austrian nesiJalimane ukwenziwa imikhiqizo metal, izinkampani ezintathu Russian, okuyinto ngu sikhathi bagxila kule izandla ephelele cishe zakho konke production ezifuywayo we nezimfoloko.

uhlaka lwenhlangano

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, umthetho clue bona abuye achaze izindlela kumiswa imifelandawonye ibhizinisi. Kulesisimo-ke, izindaba yenhlangano akunaziqondiso nganoma iyiphi indlela. Lokhu, khipha amalungiselelo saziso ngezimiso inhlangano. Kwakungekho nohlaka lomthetho inqubo kumiswa emtsetfweni. ngaleyo ndlela Ukwakheka kwazo ngokwama yenhlangano ngokwanele abangaphelele. ICongress of the abanikazi ifektri usebenze njengomahluleli control. Emhlanganweni kwaba izivumelwano leyehlukehlukene futhi elibukhali esikalini imiphumela ukuqaliswa zabo, bamukela izimiso.