Ikhodi ASCII (ikhodi American standard ukuze uthole ulwazi impambano) - eyisisekelo umbhalo wekhodi kwama-alfabhethi esiLatini

Ngokwe-International Telecommunication Union, ngo-2016 i-Inthanethi nge ucishe zisebenzisa njalo abantu emithathu nengxenye bhiliyoni. Iningi lazo musa noma ucabange ukuthi iyiphi imilayezo ethunyelwe nabo nge-PC noma amagajethi mobile, kanye imibhalo ukuboniswa ngabaqaphi yazo zonke izinhlobo, eqinisweni, luyinhlanganisela 0 no 1. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukumelwa okubhalwe ulwazi. Inikeza futhi kusiza ukuqaliswa isitoreji yayo, ukucubungula yokudlulisela. Ngo-1963, e-US ikhodi ASCII lakhiwe, ofakelwe kwalesi sihloko.

Isethulo ulwazi kwikhompyutha

Ngokwanoma yimuphi umbhalo electronic ikhompyutha iqoqo izinhlamvu ngazinye. Phakathi kwabo kukhona hhayi kuphela incwadi, kuhlanganise inhlokodolobha, kodwa futhi zibabazo, izinombolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpawu ezikhethekile ezisetshenziswa "=", "&", "(", nezikhala.

A sebuningini izimpawu ezakha umbhalo, ngokuthi zamagama, futhi nenombolo - amandla (ezikhonjiswe njengoba N). Ukuze sithole Inkulumo N = 2 ^ b, lapho b - nenani Imininingwane ibhithi noma othile uphawu isisindo.

It wafakazela ukuthi amandla ezingu-256 zama-alfabhethi ikuvumela ukuba balethe zonke izinhlamvu kunesidingo.

Njengoba 256 kuyinto 8 degree ezimbili, bese isisindo uhlamvu ngamunye 8 izingcezu.

Iyunithi yokulinganisa 8 izingcezu ibizwa ngokuthi Byte 1, ngakho sithi binary code yanoma yimuphi uhlamvu embhalweni ukuthi agcinwe kwikhompyutha yakho, ithatha omunye nama-inkumbulo.

Kangakanani ukufaka ikhodi

Noma imuphi umbhalo ofakwe kwimemori PC ngokusebenzisa ikhibhodi okhiye, izinombolo yayibhalwe okuyinto, izincwadi, izimpawu zokubhala kanye namanye amatshwayo. Kumemori basuke idluliselwe phambili ngolunye binary code ie, uphawu ngalinye esikuyi ikhodi ajwayelekile yedesimali umuntu 0 kuya 255, okuhambelana ikhodi kanambambili - .. Kusuka 00000000 ukuze 11111111.

Byte uphawu lokufaka ikhodi ivumela processor wenza ukucutshungulwa umbhalo, ubheke uhlamvu ngalunye ngokuhlukile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinhlamvu ezingu-256 kwanele ukumela noma yiluphi ulwazi uhlamvu.

Coding ASCII

Lokhu isifinyezo imelela English American ikhodi ukuze uthole ulwazi impambano.

Ngisho ekuqaleni computerization, kwaba sobala ukuthi leyo kungenzeka beveza ezihlukahlukene of ikhodi ulwazi. Nokho, ukuze uthumele ulwazi kusuka computer eyodwa kuya kwenye kwakudingeka ukuthuthukisa izinga olulodwa. Ngakho, ngo-1963, kwakubikwa ASCII-ithebula e-US. It iyiphi zamagama ikhompyutha uhlamvu inikezwa inamba ukulandelana ku ukumelwa kanambambili. Ekuqaleni, ikhodi ASCII isetshenziswa kuphela e-United States, futhi kamuva waba i standard international for PC.

ithebula Lokuphakathi

ASCII amakhodi zihlukaniswe izingxenye 2. standard International ubhekwa kuphela engxenyeni yokuqala ka etafuleni. Kuhlanganisa ikhodi kusuka inombolo ukulandelana 0 (code njengoba 00000000) ukuze 127 (ikhodi 01111111).

Ithebula wekhodi usonhlamvukazi kanye nezinhlamvu ezincane Ulandela nomunye alfabhethi nezinombolo - inyuka amagugu. Lomgomo lalezi yokubhala isiRashiya.

zokulawula

ithebula ASCII wekhodi ekuqaleni eyenzelwe ukwamukela ukudluliswa kolwazi kule ayisasetshenziswa yidivayisi njengoba teletype. Kule ndaba, iqoqo lezinhlamvu kuhlanganisiwe okungavezwa lapho kushicilelwa esetshenziswa njengoba imiyalo ukulawula idivayisi. imiyalo enjalo ayesetshenziswa enjalo amasu imiyalezo pre-computer like Morse code, kanjalonjalo.

Okuvame kakhulu "teletype" uphawu iyona NUL (00 "zero"). Namanje lisetshenziswe ezilimini eziningi zokuhlela, okubonisa uphawu ekupheleni komugqa.

Lapho esetshenziswa ASCII wekhodi

UHlelo Lokungena Emibikweni Ye akudingi nje kuphela ikhibhodi lokufakwa kombhalo. Iphinde isetshenziselwe eshadini. Ikakhulu, i-ASCII Art Uhlelo Maker izithombe ukumela ezahlukene izandiso spectrum ASCII uphawu lokufaka ikhodi.

Le mikhiqizo beze ezimbili: abahleli ingcaca kokwenza umsebenzi ngokuguqula isithombe ku umbhalo kanye oguqula "Isithombe" ku-ASCII-ihluzo. Ngokwesibonelo, eyaziwa iyisibonelo esivelele Smiley Coding uphawu.

ASCII ingasetshenziswa uma udala i-HTML dokhumenti. Kulokhu, ungakwazi ukungena iqoqo abalingiswa kanye uphawu oluhambisana lekhodi lizovela uma ubuka ikhasi esikrinini.

ASCII kuyadingeka ngokudala amasayithi wokusetshenziswa kwezilimi ezehlukene, zaziwuphawu lokuthi ezakho itafula ethile kazwelonke, sithathelwe indawo ASCII-amakhodi.

ezinye izici

Ukuze encode Imininingwane umbhalo kuleli ASCII ekuqaleni esasisetshenziselwa 7 izingcezu (noyedwa ezingenalutho), kodwa namuhla lona usebenza njengomhloli-8-bit.

Izinhlamvu, okuyinto zitholakala amakholomu ngaphezu nangaphansi, ihluke nomunye kuphela kancane olulodwa. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu yinkimbinkimbi ukuhlolwa.

ASCII isicelo e-Microsoft Office

Uma kudingekile, lolu hlobo ulwazi lokufaka ikhodi umbhalo ingasetshenziswa umbhalo abahleli ngu-Microsoft, ezifana incwajana, futhi Office Word. Nokho, uma uthayipha kuleli cala, awukwazi ukusebenzisa ezinye imisebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngeke ukwazi ukuba afeze ngesibindi umlingisi ASCII azigcina kuphela okushiwo ulwazi, indiva ezakheke jikelele futhi ifomu.

Standardization

Inhlangano yokutholwa ISO ISO ejwayelekile 8859. Leli qembu ichaza wekhodi ayisishiyagalombili-bit for abantu bezilimi ezihlukahlukene. Ikakhulukazi, ISO 8859-1 - iyona ASCII enwetshiwe, okuyinto itafula United States naseNtshonalanga Yurophu. A-ISO 8859-5 - yitafula esetshenziselwa zamagama zesiCyrillic, kuhlanganise isiRashiya.

Ngenxa yezizathu zomlando ISO 8859-5 isetshenziswa isikhathi esifushane.

Ukuze isiRashiya okwamanje empeleni esetshenziswa wekhodi:

• CP866 (Ikhodi Page 866), noma DOS, okuyinto evame ngamakhambi wekhodi GOST. Kwakuthinta ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa kwaze kwaba maphakathi nawo-90-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule. Okwamanje, cishe akazange asebenzise.
• Koi-8. Coding yasungulwa ngawo 1970-80s, futhi okwamanje kuba elifanayo ngoba imilayezo e-mail RuNet. It is kabanzi OS umndeni Unix, kuhlanganise i-Linux. version "Russian" ka Koi-8, okuthiwa Koi-8R. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona izinguqulo kwezinye izilimi Cyrillic ezifana Ukraine.
• Ikhodi Page 1251 (CP 1251, i-Windows - 1251). Yasungulwa ngu-Microsoft ukunikela usekelo isiRashiya e imvelo-Windows.

Inzuzo enkulu CP866 ejwayelekile sokuqala kwaba ukugcina izinhlamvu mbumbulu wemifanekiso izikhundla efanayo ASCII enwetshiwe. Lokhu kukuvumela ukusebenzisa umbhalo ingashintshiwe zohlelo, ukukhiqizwa bezinye izizwe, njenge edumile Norton Commander. Kuleli qophelo CP866 isetshenziselwa izinhlelo yakhelwe-Windows, letisebenta eskrinini esigcwele umbhalo umbono noma umbhalo amabhokisi, kuhlanganise kumphathi FAR.

imibhalo Computer abhalwe CP866 ukuqonda, muva nje ngempela ezingavamile, kodwa isetshenziselwa wefayela Russian e "Vindous".

"Unicode"

Okwamanje, i-okuvame kakhulu lokhu wekhodi. Amakhodi "Unicode" enkundleni. Eyokuqala (kusuka 0000 kuya U + U + 007F) kuhlanganisa iqoqo ASCII amakhodi. Kulandele izinhlamvu emkhakheni izincwadi ezahlukene kazwelonke, kanye nezimpawu zokubhala kanye nezimpawu lobuchwepheshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye ikhodi "Unicode" kugcinelwe uma isidingo ifake izinhlamvu amasha esikhathini esizayo.

Manje uyazi ukuthi ASCII umlingisi ngamunye umelwe inhlanganisela 8 amaqanda futhi abathandekayo. Esontweni, lolu lwazi kungase kubonakale ezingadingekile futhi ungakujabulisi, kodwa musa ufuna ukwazi ukuthi kwenzekani "ebuchosheni" ikhompyutha yakho?!