Izimoto, Ama-SUV
I-GAZ-46: imininingwane kanye nencazelo
I-Gorky Automobile Plant ikhiqize izimoto eziningi ezifanele ukukhumbula izizukulwane. Okuthakazelisayo kwakungamamodeli ayisisekelo, futhi imishini idalwe ngesisekelo sayo ngezinhloso ezehlukene. Exotic ebizwa ngokuthi imoto ye-GAZ-69 ye-GAZ-46 "Amphibia" ekhishwe ngesisekelo se-GAZ-69.
Ingemuva
Okuhlangenwe nakho kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili kubonisa amandla kanye nobuthakathaka bemishini yezempi yaseSoviet, kanye nezikhala ekudalweni kwayo. Kwakungekho izimoto ezihamba phansi ebuthweni.
Amaloli amane amavili ama-amphibians Ford GPA namaloli angamasondo ayisithupha e-DUKW athola ngemali yokuboleka imali ehamba phambili ehambisa imifula eMpumalanga Yurophu ngenkathi kuhlasela amabutho aseSoviet e-fascist eJalimane.
Ngokwemvelo, le nqubo yacatshangelwa, futhi ngokushesha ngemva kwempi, kokubili imishini yokugibela imoto kanye nemithwalo yempahla yayifakwe ohlelweni olude lokuvuselela kabusha, kanye nezinye izinhlobo.
Okokuqala, ibutho lempi lalinesithakazelo emotweni elula yokulawula imishini ekwazi ukuphoqelela izithiyo zamanzi nokuhamba eqenjini elifanayo njengezimoto ezizimele.
I-Cargo DUKW yaba yisibonelo sokuqala seZIS-485 - imoto enkulu yamanzi (BAS). I-analogue yemoto ehamba emgwaqeni iF Ford GPA futhi yaba ne-GAZ-46 MAV-encane yamanzi yamanzi.
Umlando wokudalwa komshini ongezansi
Impi yayisithakazelisa kakhulu kulezi zinhlobo zemishini esekuqaleni ngo-1948 iScientific Automotive Engine Institute (NAMI) yaqala, egameni loMkhandlu WeziNgqongqoshe kanye noMnyango Wezithuthi NezoTrekta, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-amphibian esekelwe kwisiteji esasungulwa se-GAZ-67 off-roader. Isabelo sobuchwepheshe esibhekiswe enkambweni eyenzelwe ukuthwala abantu basezikhungweni zamanzi kanye namanzi kanye nabantu abahlukunyezwayo abantu abayisithupha noma ama-kilogremu angu-500 wempahla, ukukhwabanisa amathrekhi amancane, ama-pontoons kanye nezinye izindiza zamanzi ezisetshenziselwa amabutho enjini.
Izibonelo zokuqala zabizwa ngokuthi yi-NAMI-011, zahlolwa izivivinyo zangaphakathi futhi zanconywa ukuba zingenwe emasosheni, naphezu kokuthi isakhiwo sasimanzi.
Ukukhiqizwa kwama-Amphibian kwaphathiswa abahlali baseGorky. Ochwepheshe bezitshalo benza izinguquko eziningi ekwakhiweni, ukuthuthukisa izici zomshini, kuze kufike kumashini weGAZ-67 avunyelwe.
Kusukela ngo-1951 kuya ku-1953, ama-batches wokufaka aqala ukufika emabuthweni abizwe ngokuthi iGAZ-011 futhi ahlelwe yi-military kangangokuthi ubunzima obukhulu bevela ekuthuthukiseni nasekusebenziseni umshini we-GAZ-46 othuthukisiwe, owacabangela ukuphawula ngemodeli yangaphambili futhi waqeda ukuhluleka okukhulu.
Izinyathelo ezimbi kakhulu zazihamba, izinhloko zindiza, ukuphathwa kwakushintsha, kodwa ekugcineni, kukhishwe imoto entsha esekelwe ku-GAZ-69 yesimanje.
Ngeshwa, i-amphibian yayingakakhiwa isikhathi eside, kuze kube sekupheleni kwamashumi amahlanu, ngoba akuyona imishini kuphela, kodwa futhi namaqhinga okusebenza kwempi ashintshwe emashumini eminyaka eminyaka emva kokulwa nempi, futhi imishini engamanzi emifula ayidingekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwesisekelo se-GAZ-69 kwadluliselwa e-Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant, lapho kwakungenakwenzeka ukukhiqiza ama-amphibians ngenxa yezizathu zokukhiqiza kuphela.
Incazelo yama-amphibians
Ukufudumala kwe-waterfowl kwanikezwa ngumzimba owenziwe ngensimbi ebhokisini lamaphrofayela ebhokisi. I-chassis kanye nokudluliselwa kwakungu- GAZ-69, kanti injini yayivela emotweni yemoto yePobeda GAZ-M20.
Esikhathini sokudlulisa, i-shaft eyengeziwe yahlanganiswa ne- propeller enezingodo ezintathu, ivikelwe kusuka ngezansi nge-arc enamandla. Ikhoyili enezintambo, ifakwe kwikholomu yokuqondisa, yaxhuma emgodini wamanzi, owabekwa ku-jet yamanzi adalwe yisikrini.
Ukwandisa indawo endaweni eyisiliva emathayeni ongawehlisa ukucindezela, ungesabi ukuthi amasondo azothola amanzi. Yonke i-wiring yenziwe ngezixhumi zombane ezisindiwe, akukho ukuvikeleka okungeziwe kanye nomsakazeli wokuthungela, ngoba uphawu olugcwele.
Kwipaneli yensiza ukukhanya kwe-alamu kufakwe ukulawula ingress yamanzi ebambe. Esigodini sesigodi se-GAZ-46 kukhona umshini wombhobho kanye nombhobho wokukhipha. Kuyiqiniso, umsindo ovela kumgungundlovu wawunamandla kakhulu kangangokuthi wawususa imoto. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwesigodi sesigodi kukhona intukuthelo yokugcwalisa ugesi, okungukuthi, uma kunesidingo, ungakwazi ukufakela tank fuel ngokuqondile emanzini.
Umshini womshini ohambayo
I-GAZ-46 i-hull ye-pontoon uhlobo lwenziwa ngaphandle kweminyango, ihlukaniswe ngamakamelo amathathu ngamaphakheji ahlukene. Igumbi lokudlulisa izimoto lisendaweni yekhala. Igumbi eliphakathi nendawo yokugqekeza yabasebenzi kanye nabagibeli, ngemuva kwendawo yokuthela imithwalo.
Emphuleni kukhona i-flip-flap, ekhuphuka phambi komnyango wamanzi. It kuvimbela "ukumboza" ikhala emanzini, ivikela umoya ukungenisa ukupholisa injini kanye negumbi eliphakathi emanzini.
Phakathi kwama-lightlights yi-bollard yokugubha i-amphibian emanzini kanye nekhebula le-buoy yokuhlenga.
Ngaphandle komzimba kukhona ama-absorck absorbers aphakanyisiwe. Amagundane okugcoba afakwa esiteji sangasemuva sangemuva.
Ikamelo lemoto GAZ-46
I-cabin yokuklama, uma kulesi simo kufanelekile incazelo enjalo, ngokusho kwe-Spartan ilula, ngoba i-amphibian yenzelwe umyalelo wezempi. Induduzo yabasebenzi noma abagibeli abazange banikezwe.
Umugqa wangaphambili wezihlalo uqukethe izihlalo ezimbili: umlawuli kanye nomshayeli. Ngemuva kukhona ibhentshi lamathathu ngaphandle kokulungiswa.
Isihlungi sephethiloli sisekolini sokulondeka okulula.
Injini yama-Amphibian
Izakhamuzi zaseGorkov zisetshenziselwa imishini ye-GAZ-46 yomndeni ofanayo, eyakhiwe esitshalweni ngemuva kweMpi Enkulu ye-Patriotic War. Ziyi-petroli (uphethiloli ungasetshenziswa ngisho ne-octane inombolo 66), i-carburetor ezine-stroke, ivolumu 2.1 amalitha.
Izinjini M-20 ne-GAZ-69 zifana ncamashi ekuklanyeni kanye nobukhulu obukhulu. I-GAZ-69, enekhono lama-55 amalitha. I-S., Ukuze i-waterfowl ifanele ngaphezulu ngoba ifakwe ngamafutha okupholisa, okungafuni isidingo sokushaya emoyeni ngesivinini esikhulu, esingenakugwema uma uhamba emanzini.
Amandla enjini avela ku "Victory", okuyinto eyisisekelo, akuyona ephansi kakhulu - ama-52 amalitha. Nge.
Njengoba ukufinyelela emoyeni kwakunqunyelwe injini, kusukela ekuqaleni, ukushisa ukushisa emanzini okupholisa amanzi olwandle kunikelwe ukupholisa isitshalo samandla.
Izinjini zeqembu le-M20 zazinokwethenjelwa kakhulu futhi zikwazi ukugqoka ukuthi zisasebenza kumishini endala. Ziyinto elula ekunakekeleni, ekugcineni nasekulungiseni, kodwa nansi indawo yokufakwa ekamelweni elincane futhi elijulile elenza lesi sidima singenakutholakala ku-GAZ-46.
Ukudluliselwa kwama-amphibians
Imoto yayihlome ibhokisi legijimi lemoto elihamba ngejubane lamathathu ngamanani okulinganisa ama-matatu angu-3,115, i-1,772 no-1,0 ngokulandelana, nangemva - 3,738. Ibhokisi le-dispenser liyizigaba ezimbili, ngezilinganiso zamagesi ka- 1.15 no-2.78. Ukulinganisa kwamagesi kugijimi elinobuciko elinamazinyo ezinamazinyo angu-5,125, kugiya lokuqondisa, eliyi-worm globoidal ene-double roller - 18.2.
Ukuqhafaza kuyisidiski esisodwa esisodwa. I-brake shoe, isisebenzi - kuwo onke amasondo amane ane-hydrodrive esuka emgodini wokupaka, yokupaka - ekudluliseni nge-manual mechanical drive.
Izimpawu zeGAZ-46
Idatha jikelele ye-SUV:
- inani lezihlalo: 5 noma 2 + 500 kg yempahla;
- isisindo: 1.85 amathani ngaphandle umthwalo;
- ubukhulu, ubude × ububanzi × ukuphakama (netende eliphakanyisiwe): 5,06 × 1,735 × 2,04 m;
- isondo esinamasondo: 2.3 m;
- indawo engaphansi komhlaba ngaphansi kwe-axles (ngomthwalo ogcwele): 210 mm;
- Ukuguqula indawo engxenyeni enkulu kakhulu - 6.5 m.
Ngomhlaba, i-GAZ-46 yenze isivinini esiphezulu se-90 km / h, isivinini esiphakathi kwama-48 km / h, nesivinini samanzi esingu-9 km / h.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamagesi emgwaqweni omkhulu kunama-alitha angu-17 ngamakhilomitha angu-100, ngenkathi ushayela ngamanzi, uphethiloli udinga amalitha angu-16.5 ngehora elilodwa, amandla agcinwe endaweni engama-500 km, amahora angama-6. Ukunqoba umgodla imoto ayinakwazi, ukuhamba kwemithambeka, kufinyeleleka kuye, kungu-60%.
Ukuphila okusha kwe-amphibian endala
Kakade sekudlule iminyaka engaphezu kwesigamu kusukela imoto yokugcina idedelwa, eziningi zezimoto zasemotweni eziqothukile emaphethelweni aya emaphandleni, kodwa ngenxa yabalandeli bezimoto ze-Retro abanye babo banikezwa impilo entsha.
Umbono wanamuhla ubonisa ubuhle bendawo kanye nokuphepha kwawo. Kunoma yikuphi, kuthatha isikhathi esincane namandla okuyibuyisela. Kodwa injini ishintshwe ibe i-GAZ enamandla kakhulu 24/31 kusukela ku-Volga. I-GAZ engu-46 ene-cargo inesisindo esingaphezu kwamabili nengxenye, futhi injini ye-M20 isuke ibhekwa njengobuthakathaka kuye. Kodwa-ke, ukupholisa injini yamanje kagesi, akukho umoya okwanele ophethe, idizili isebenza kangcono ezimweni ezinjalo. Shiya ochwepheshe be-MKPP bomdabu, ukusabalalisa, ukushaya izibhamu, amabhuloho, ukugqoka, ukupompa amanzi okupompa kanye nemishini (!). Nakuba abashayeli banamuhla bengaboni amabhuloho ngaphandle kokuvimbela, bashintshwa baba amasosha. Amagesi, mhlawumbe manje awutholakali, ngakho-ke basungula "isihlobo esiseduze" - UAZ.
Amphibian phesheya
Abathandi bezimoto ezihambayo bahamba kuyo yonke indawo. Isibonelo esibangelisayo yisenzakalo eTrben-Trarbach (eJalimane) ngo-Agasti 2014, lapho abanikazi bama-amphibians bahlangana eMoselle River ezimotweni zabo. Kwakukhona imibukiso emigwaqeni, kanye nokuhamba emfuleni.
Phakathi nesonto, leli holide yokunqoba kwengqondo yezobuchwepheshe yahlala. Kwakukhona imishini engamashumi ayisithupha ehlukene, kuhlanganise nama-amphibians ahlukile awakhiwe.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi iningi lazo kwakukhona izimoto ezihamba phambili ezihamba emgwaqeni i-Ford GPA (kwakunezinkulungwane eziyishumi nane), eziyisibonelo seGAZ-46. Isithombe siqinisekisa lesi sihlobo ngisho nanamuhla. Esithombeni esiphezulu se-Ford, nangaphansi kwe-SUV yaseRussia ehambayo (kwakukhona emihlanu emhlanganweni).
Ama-Amphibian model
I-GAZ-46 yahlonishwa ngaphansi kweNombolo 100 ukufaka ukuqoqwa kwamamodeli emagazini waseRussia osenokwazi-mqondo ngezimoto zaseSoviet "i-Avtolegendy USSR." Uhlelo olunikezwe imodeli eyodwa lwashicilelwa kabili ngenyanga, futhi umqoqo wemoto-umqoqo, okwenziwe ngezinga eli-1: 43 eChina ngenkampani yase-Italy DeAgostini, yahlanganiswa nayo. Ukusakazwa okwakushiwo kwakungamakhophi ayizinkulungwane ezingu-120. Umshini obumnyama obumnyama walesi sikali ulandelelwe ngokwanele ngemininingwane, kodwa ochwepheshe bathi amasondo akulo modeli awaveli, futhi ukukhwabanisa kweqhwa kuyabonakala. Imodeli ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezine: umzimba, ingaphakathi, phansi kanye netende elingaboni kahle.
Imodeli ye-amphibian ikhiqizwa ngesilinganiso esifanayo kanye ne-workshop "i-Ural Sokol" eYekaterinburg, hhayi nje kuphela eluhlaza, kodwa nembala eminingi yokuhlobisa, isibonelo, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma obomvu.
I-GAZ-46 yayikhiqizwa ngobuningi kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-1958 futhi yayingenakho ukuguqulwa, futhi yahlala enkonzweni iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu, nakuba i-BRDM isetshenziswe njengezimoto zokubonga. Ama-Amphibians ayesebenzisana nemigomo ye-pontoon-bridge kanye namabutho e-ferry-landing hhayi kuphela eSoviet Union, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe aseWarsaw Treaty. Ayaziwa ukuthi zingaki izimoto ezihambayo namuhla, kodwa, zihlala zithwala abanikazi abanakekelayo ukudoba noma ukuzingela futhi ziyiziqhenya ngokusemthethweni, zibambe iqhaza ekuboniseni imishini ekhethekile.
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