I-chlorine lime, izakhiwo zayo zomzimba nezomakhemikhali nesicelo

I-chlorine lime ibizwa nangokuthi i-white or calcium hypochlorite. Nakuba leli gama lokugcina alilona iqiniso, tk. Lesi sici ingxube eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ayihlanganisi kuphela i-hypochlorite (Ca (ClO) 2), kodwa i-oxychloride (CaClO), i-chloride (CaCl2) ne-calcium hydroxide (i-Ca (OH) 2). I-chloride ye-Ferric ikhona futhi njengengcolisi, ehlinzeka ngombala ophuzi. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, leli khamera linombuso oqinile , iphunga elinamandla le-chlorine futhi, kaningi, umbala omhlophe. I-calcium hypochloride kuphela ehlakazeka emanzini, i-chlorine ikhiphelwa emkhathini, futhi izingxenye ezisele zengxube zakha ukujula okukhulu-isisindo.

Lapho ilanga eliqondile lishaya i-chlorine elikhipha i-oksijeni, futhi lapho livutha, lidiliza ngokukhululwa kokushisa, okungaholela ekuqhumeni. Kule ndaba, le nto kufanele igcinwe emakamelweni amnyama, apholile futhi angenayo umoya. Uma usebenza nge-bleach kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa imishini yokuzivikela yesikhumba, izitho zokuphefumula, ikakhulukazi emabhizinisini okukhiqizwa nokuthutha.

Kusukela ekubukeni kwe-chemistry, i-substance chlorine lime, i-formula yayo ebhalwe yi-CaCl (OCl), ibhekisela kusawoti exubile (kabili), okungukuthi Iqukethe ama-anion amabili. Futhi le nhlanganisela i-oxidizer enamandla ekwazi ukuguqula i-MnO (manganese (II) oxide) → MnO2 (manganese oxide (IV)) esixazululweni se-alkali; Uma uxhumana nezidalwa eziphilayo kubangela ukushisa kwabo. Ekusebenzisaneni ne-sulfuric noma i-hydrochloric acid, i-chlorine ikhishwa: Ca (ClO) Cl + H2SO4 → Cl2 + CaSO4 + H2O.

Lesi sakhi sikhiqizwa ngenqubo yokuchlorisa i -calcium hydroxide. Kule nqubo, i-chlorine lime ikhiqizwa ngamamaki amathathu - 26, 32 no-35% e-chlorine esebenzayo (inani le-chlorine ehlanzekile ekhishwe uma i-HCl noma i-H2SO4 acids yenza lokhu kule ingxube). Enye yezinkinga zalesi sici ukuthi ilahlekelwa i-chlorine esebenzayo ngenkathi isitoreji, 5-10% ngonyaka. Ukulwa nalokhu kuzama, ukhiqiza umkhiqizo wokuzinza okukhulu, ukudlula i-chlorine ngendlela yegesi ngokumiswa kweCan (OH) 2. I-chlorine esebenzayo ekwakheni etholakala ngale ndlela i-45-70%. Futhi ukungabi nalutho kwalesi sici ukuthi kubangela ukubola kwesinyithi futhi kuphazamise izindwangu zokotini. Ngakho-ke, ulondoloze ngeziqukathi zokhuni, iziqukathi zeplastiki noma izikhwama ze-polyethylene nezikhwama.

I-chlorine lime ibonisa izakhi ze-bactericidal ne-sporicidal, ezithathwa ngokuba khona kwe-acid hypochlorous ne-oksijeni kusixazululo. Ngenxa yalokhu, lisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwamanzi okuthuthwa kwamanzi okuvela ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zokuthuthwa kwamanzi kanye nezikhungo zezokwelapha njenge-disinfactant (izindawo, izindawo zomphakathi ziphathwa). Futhi isetshenziselwa njenge-bleach ekwakhiweni kwezindwangu, i-cellulose nephepha.

Ngakho-ke, i-bleach iyinkimbinkimbi eyinkimbinkimbi, okuyizinto ezinomthelela emakhemikhali futhi ibonisa izindawo ze-oxidizer enamandla. Ngezixazululo ezinamandla, i-hydrolyzes, yokwakha i-hypochlorous acid (HC1O). Ngokushisa okushisayo (ukushisa) futhi ngaphansi kwethonya elangeni, liyabhidliza, likhulule i-oxygen ne-chlorine.