Yamal black hole. Umcibisholo we-Yamal: inkolelo yokubukeka, incazelo, isithombe

I-Yamal black hole - ngakho yaqamba umbhoshongo ongaqondakali, owavela ngokuzumayo enyakatho yeNhlonhlo Yamam. Wamangala ososayensi ngokujula okukhulu futhi ngokungenakwenzeka ngisho nasemaphethelweni okuchofoza, wangena emathunjini omhlaba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umgodi ufana nokubunjwa kwe-karst, ngakolunye uhlangothi - isikhulu sokuqhuma. Ngaphezulu kwe-riddle ye-anomaly, ososayensi bebelokhu belwa iminyaka eminingana.

Umlando wokutholakala

Inhlonipho yaseYamal ingenye yezindawo ezibandayo eRussia. Inhlabathi ithatha ukujula kwemitha kuphela ehlobo. Okumangalisa kakhulu ukutholakala phakathi kwe-tundra enkulu yomswakama omkhulu wamamitha ayizinkulungwane zamamitha. Ngokusho kwabashayeli bezindiza, ubukhulu bayo buyivumela ukuwa phansi ngesikhathi esisodwa phansi kwezindiza eziningana.

Umgodi we-Yamal, isithombe esivela ngaso sonke isikhathi ezungeze abezindaba abahola phambili emhlabeni, kungenzeka ukuthi kwakhiwa ngokuwa kuka-2013. Ividiyo yokuqala yesenzakalo semvelo, esitholwe ku-helicopter, yanyatheliswa ngoJulayi 10, 2014. Ngemva kwesonto iqembu labososayensi, izintatheli kanye nabahlengikazi baqale bahlola ukuthola okungalindelekile. Njengoba kwenzeka, isayensi yayingakaze ibhekane nento enjalo ngaphambili.

Indawo

Umngcele waseJamal utholakala enhlobonhlobo yaseRussia eningizimu yeBovanenkovskoye gas condensate field (cishe ngamakhilomitha angu-30) nasentshonalanga yoMfula uMordy-Yakha (17 km). Isifunda sise-subzone ye-bioclimatic ye-tundras evamile.

Kunemifudlana eminingi, amachibi amancane ehlobo, i-permafrost isakazeka ezindaweni eziningi. Ngakho-ke, uhlobo lwe-karst lokubunjwa kokuhluleka ekuqaleni lwalukhulu kakhulu.

I-Yamal black hole: inkolelo yemvelaphi

Izazi ze-Geologists, i-merzlovedy, izitshalo zezulu zifunda ngokucophelela emicimbini ye-Yamal engaqondakali yamafomu azungezile neziyindilinga ngisho nemiphetho yamanzi. Isiqu sokuqala esingamamitha angaba ngu-60 ububanzi sabonakala ngoJulayi 2014 ku-Peninsula Yamal. Ngemva kwesikhashana, imithombo emibili eminye eyimfihlakalo engaqondakali eyatholakala ezinyangeni zaseGydansky naseTaimyr . Izenzakalo ezimangalisa zazala izinguqulo eziningi ze-polar. Phakathi kwezizathu kukhona:

• I-Karst idiphoza, lapho amanzi emhlabathini ehlanza izigxobo ezinkulu edwaleni, futhi ungqimba oluphezulu lwebumba luhlala.
• I-ice cork eneqhwa.
• Ukuqhuma kwemethane.
• Ukuwa kwe-meteorite.
• UFOOLOGICAL THEORY. Ngokusobala emhlabathini kwakukhona into ye technogenic.

Ukuthola okuyingozi

Uhambo oluningi lwasosayensi baseRussia luvule isembozo semfihlakalo. Ngokusho kwezazi ze-geologist, imbobo yaseJamal, okujule kwayo okungaphezu kwamamitha angu-200, inomphumela wemvelo. Kodwa kukhona imibono ehlukene lapha. Abanye bahlanganisa ukubunjwa kokuhluleka ngokuhlanzwa komhlaba ngomfula ongaphansi komhlaba noma izinqubo ze-geological, umthelela wokucindezela kwangaphakathi kweplanethi. Ezinye iziphathimandla zithi izimali zakhiwe ngemuva kokuqhuma.

Iziphetho zophiko lweSiberia laseSiberia ze-Academy yaseRussia yeSayensi zizwakala zihle kakhulu. Ngokusho kososayensi, izindawo ezinamandla ze "iziqhumane zemvelo" zigcinwa emkhakheni weplanethi. Itholakala emagumbini amaningi eMhlaba, ngemuva kwalokho, ukuqhuma okukhulu kungase kwenzeke, okubangelwa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Izazi eziningi ze-geologists ziphikisana: "Imiphumela iyoba yimbi kakhulu kunobusika benyukliya."

Imfihlo yembula?

Iphutha le-Yamal lavuselela umphakathi. "Izinkolelo eziningi zezinkolelo" zavela phakathi kwama-philistines: kusukela ku-UFO ama-supernovae ukuhlolwa. Ososayensi bakhuluma ngezimbangela zemvelo.

Ama-sampuli esezansi eduze kwe-dips aveze ukuhlushwa kwama-molecule e-methane. Ngakho-ke, lo mbono uphuthukisiwe ukuthi imigodi yakhiwa emva kokudonswa kwe-hydrate yegesi. Ngenxa ye-permafrost, lokhu kukwakhiwa kusezingeni eliqinile. Kodwa-ke, uma kushisa, i-methane iqhuma ngokushesha, ikhula kuze kube nemigomo emikhulu futhi ibangele umphumela wokuqhuma. E-Yamal eminyakeni yamuva, amarekhodi okushisa "amahle" alotshiwe, umhlabathi ususelwa ekujuleni okukhulu. Kanye naye ayancibilika futhi aqhwaqwe "ama-gas bubbles".

Ku-1 m ^{3 i-} methane hydrate iqukethe u-163 m ³ wegesi. Lapho igesi iqala ukuhlukanisa, inqubo iba yi-avalanche-like (ngokwejubane lokusabalalisa kufana nesenzo senuzi zenu). Kukhona ukuqhuma kwamandla amakhulu, okukwazi ukuphonsa amathani omhlabathi.

Umgodi waseJamal noBermmuda Triangle

Muva nje, izazi ze-geologists ziye zathola: izimo ezinjalo azijwayeleki kuphela ezindaweni ezihamba phambili. I-gas hydrate iqoqa emanzini ekujuleni okukhulu, isibonelo, iningi elingaphansi kweLake Baikal. Mhlawumbe ukunyamalala okubuhlungu kwemikhumbi nezindiza endaweni yaseBermudda Triangle kuhlotshaniswa ne-methane. Cishe, olwandle kukhona ukuqoqwa okukhulu kwe-hydrate kule ndawo. Kulapha kuphela igesi elingafriziwe, kodwa licindezelwe ukucindezelwa okukhulu.

Njengoba ukuzamazama komhlaba komhlaba, ukuzamazama komhlaba, ukukhululeka komhlaba, kukhululeka imethane, kuqhuma phezulu. Amanzi ashintsha izingubo, agcwele amabhulo amancane, afana nesigila, futhi alahlekelwa ubungakanani bawo. Ngenxa yalokho, liyeka ukubamba imikhumbi, futhi iyazama. Ukungena emkhathini, i-methane ibuye ishintshe izindawo zayo, iphazamise ukusebenza kwemishini yezindiza.

Usuku Lwanamuhla

Umgodi omnyama we-Yamal awusasekho. Eminyakeni edlule, igcwele amanzi ancibilikile futhi kancane kancane ihlangana nechibi eliseduze. Le nqubo yayihambisana nokukhwabanisa okusebenzayo nokubhujiswa kwamagquma.

Ukuzikhandla okukhulu ukufakaza kwabafakazi abaningana bokuzibonela abachaze inqubo yokwakheka kwe-funnel ngo-2016. Kuvele iphutha elisha likaJamal ngoJulayi 5 entshonalanga yedolobhana laseS Seyakha futhi lifana nokuqhuma kwe-giant geyser. Ukukhishwa kwamandla kagesi okunamandla kwahlala cishe amahora angu-4, futhi ifu lenza i-visually rose ngokuphakama kwamakhilomitha amahlanu.

Abasebenzi be-St Petersburg Hydrological Institute baye bahlola ngaphambili le ndawo. Iyaziwa ngamachibi aphansi kakhulu, "okukhumbuza umgodi odumile waseYamal. Ukujula komunye wabagcini bamarekhodi kungamamitha angama-71. Ngaphezulu kwalokho, abesikhathi esidala bakhumbula ukuthi ukukhishwa okunjalo kwenzeke ngaphambili futhi kuhambisane neziphambeko zomlilo.

Iziphetho ezingenasifanele

Izindleko ezithandekayo ze-methane hydrate ziyahlakazeka emhlabeni jikelele. Ukufudumala kwesimo sezulu kungashukumisa indlela yokusabela kwe-chain global. Amabhiliyoni amathani amethane kulokhu azoshintsha isakhiwo somkhathi futhi aholele ekuqothulweni kwezinto zonke eziphilayo. Ngakho-ke, umgodi omnyama we-Yamal uyinto ebalulekile yokucwaninga.

Amazinga okushisa amarekhodi ka-2015-2016 enza ukuba kwakhiwe ama-funnel amancane amasha. Zitholakala konke endaweni efanayo yezulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuqubuka okusheshayo kwe-permafrost yiyona imbangela yalokho okwenzeka khona.

Umbono ohlukile

Akuzona zonke ezisekela isayensi ethuthukile. Okokuqala, abahlaziyi bayiqaphele izingxenyana ezingahle zingaphansi kwe-crater, okuyinto, ngokukhishwa kwe-methane eqinile, okufanele ihlanganiswe ukuphahlazeka. Bayamangala futhi ngomthamo omncane wedwala ophonswa yi-explosion.

Mhlawumbe umkhumbi waseJamal ungumphumela womphumela wokufudumala, okungukuthi, umphumela wesimo sezulu emaphandleni ase-polar emhlabeni. Ukugeleza kwezinhlayiya ezikhokhisiwe, ukuhlangana ne-landscape, kuncibilikisa iqhwa, ukwakha izakhi zendandatho yokuma okuhle. Uma emgwaqeni wezingxube ezibangelwa yizinhlayiyana ze-cosmic, i-gas noma i-hydrate eqoqiwe ekuqhekekeni kwenzeka, ifakwe emaphethelweni e-Alarmor. Ososayensi batadisha ukwehluleka, ungabandakanyi le mbono.

Noma kunjalo, ukungabaza ukuthi imvelaphi yemvelo yenzalo akudingekile. I-peninsula ihlotshiswe ngamachibi amancane-ama-saucers, enokujula okukhulu. Ngokusobala, zakha njengehluleka kwe-Yamal. Ngokusho kocwaningo, izinqubo ezifanayo zenzeka eminyakeni engu-8000 eyedlule futhi zaqina ngenxa yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.