I-Cassation kwinqubo yomphakathi. Izinqubo ze-Cassation

Izwe lanamuhla liwumphumela womsebenzi oqaphele futhi ohlala njalo emphakathini. Ngamanye amazwi, ukwakha ifomu yenhlangano ekhona emhlabeni namuhla, umphakathi wanikela ngesikhathi, amandla kanye nokuphila kwabantu ngabanye. Umsebenzi onjalo waholela ekutheni abantu bekhulu lama-21 bafinyeleleka ekuziphatheni komunye nomunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphakathi uthuthukise ifomu lombuso. Noma kunjalo, konke lokhu kwakungeke kwenzeke ngaphandle komlawuli okhethekile futhi osebenza kahle wobudlelwane bezenhlalakahle. Ngakho namuhla kunelungelo. Langena cishe wonke ubudlelwane bezenhlalakahle ngaphandle kokungafani. Isibonelo esicacile salokhu ngumsebenzi wezinhlaka zobulungiswa emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi, i-Russian Federation. Iminyango efana nayo ixazulula izingxabano ezihlukahlukene phakathi kwezihloko zomthetho, kanye nokuxazulula ezinye izindaba eziwela ngaphakathi kwamakhono emisebenzi yabo esheshayo. Kodwa ngesikhathi sokucubungula izinkinga ezihlukahlukene, izinkantolo zivame ukufika esiphethweni esingafaneleki nhlangothi zonke. Futhi, iqala inqubo ende yokufaka isinqumo. Enye yezinhlobo zokwelulekwa kwezomthetho yizinqubo zokucutshungulwa. Inikwe ubukhulu bezici zobuntu, futhi inezimo ezithile zokusetshenziswa. Ukucubungulwa okuphelele kwezingqinamba ze-cassation kungenzeka kulesi sikhungo esifanayo segatsha lomthetho lomthetho.

Iyini i-cassation?

Umthetho wezinkambiso zomthetho ngumkhakha wezomthetho omkhulu futhi othakazelisayo kakhulu. Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlelo, inani elikhulu lamacala ahlukene libhekwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunesikhungo sokuqedwa komthetho. Akuwona wonke umuntu wesimanje emgwaqweni oqonda ukuthi isisusa nenhloso yesethulo sakhe. Izinkinga zokuhlukaniswa kwemfundiso yezinhlelo ze-cassation nazo zaphakanyiswa ososayensi kaningi. Kodwa-ke, ayikho incazelo ecacile yesayensi yalesi sikhungo, ngoba kunezimiso ezithile eziqondisa ngokuqondile. Ngakho-ke, ngokucabangela izici ezithile zomthetho ohambelana nomthetho, singasho ukuthi i-cassation enkambeni yomphakathi yinhlobo elithile lomsebenzi wenkantolo ohlose ukuhlaziya ukufaneleka nokusebenza kwezinqumo ezisezingeni eliphansi lezinhlaka zomzimba. Empeleni, i-cassation kuleli cala yenza njengendlela yokulawula. Itholakala kuphela ezinkambisweni zokwahlulela futhi yenziwa yiziphathimandla ezifanele. Indlela ehlukile yokucubungulwa kwalolu daba ikhuluma nge-cassation kwinqubo yomphakathi, njengenye yezinyathelo ekucatshangweni kwecala elithile. Kuzo zombili izimo, izincazelo zilungile, kodwa ziqokomisa amaphuzu ahlukene okufanayo.

Umlando wesigaba

Isikhungo se-cassation sasikhona ohlelweni lwezomthetho waseRashiya ngokungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, weza kithi evela eFrance, lapho azalwa khona ngekhulu le-XVI. Yiqiniso, ngaleso sikhathi lesi sikhungo sasingenaso ifomu sonke esijwayele ukukubona manje. Okubalulekile ukuthi ukuqothulwa kwekhulu le-16 kwakuyisibonelo somqhele. Okusho ukuthi, ukushintsha nganoma iyiphi indlela izinqumo zokwahlulela noma ukuziqeda ngokuphelele kungaba inkosikazi kuphela. Lo wesifazane wabeka leli lungelo emzimbeni okhethekile - iRoyal Council. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kanye nokwakhiwa kancane kancane kwezinkambiso zentando yeningi kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila komuntu, isikhungo sokuqothulwa kwenkambiso yomphakathi siba indawo evamile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, idluliselwa ngokuphelele emandleni ezinkantolo.

Isimo sezinqubo ze-Institute

Ngakho-ke, sithole ukuthi isikhungo sokuqeda inqubo yombuso - lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo zamacala ezinkantolo ukuze kubuyekezwe icala. Noma kunjalo, i- Civil Procedure Code ye- Russian Federation inikeza incazelo ehlukile yesikhungo. Ngokwezihlinzeko zalo, i-cassation iyisikhalazo ngokumelene nesinqumo noma izenzo zenkantolo emzimbeni wesithathu. Lokhu kungukuthi, yidokhumenti yenqubo, imodeli yayo echazwe ngokugcwele ku-Article 41 ye-CCP yaseRussia. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokwemigomo yezenzo zomthetho, isikhungo sokuqothulwa enkambeni yomphakathi, noma kunalokho, ukucaciswa kwayo, kufakwe izici ezintathu ezihlangene, okungukuthi:

• Izici zesimo esithile;
• Ububanzi bamandla enkantolo yesithathu;
• Ukutholakala kwezinto ezidingekayo;
• Izinhloso zangempela zomuntu ofaka isikhalazo.

Ngakho-ke, inqubo ye-cassation kwinqubo yomphakathi iyindlela ehlukile yokusebenza kwemibuso ekhethekile yombuso.

Luhlobo luni lwabantu abantu abatholakalayo?

Noma yikuphi ukukhiqizwa kuyinkinga yezifundo ezithile kunoma yiziphi izinkinga. I-cassation yezokwehlulela akuyona into ehlukile kule ndaba, uma singacabangi ngezici zayo ezithile ezinikezwe ngenhla. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izihloko ezingaqala lesi sigaba senqubo. Kunezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko zabantu abanelungelo lokukhalaza. Lokhu kufaka:

• Abahlanganyeli abaqondile kuleli cala, isibonelo: ummangali, ummangalelwa, okwesithathu;
• Abantu abangazange bahileleke ekucubunguleni izinyathelo, kodwa isinqumo sathinte kakhulu amalungelo abo.

Ngakho-ke, izikhonzi ezithunyelwe zinelungelo lokuqala izinqubo zokucutshungulwa kwinqubo yomphakathi. Kodwa lesi sici akuyona kuphela into evelele yokukhiqiza.

Kunini lapho isikhalazo singenzeka khona?

Izinqubo zeCassation enqubo yomphakathi zenziwa ngokuphathelene nezinqumo ezithile zomzimba wesigatshana sesibili, okungukuthi, izikhalazo. Leli qiniso libeka kakhulu imingcele yemisebenzi yeminyango ehlobene nesigaba sesibili. Ngakho-ke, ngokusho komthetho wamanje, cassation kungenzeka:

• Lapho ecelwa ngokumelene nezinqumo ezithinte ngqo;
• Ezimweni lapho ezinye izinketho zokukhalaza ziphelile.

Umzuzwana wesibili unezici eziningi eziyingqayizivele. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokwehlukana.

Okubalulekile "okunye okukhethwa kukho" okuvula amathuba okuba cassation

Ngokwezimiso zokwakha amacala enkantolo eRussia, ukucela izinqumo ezithile okwesithathu kungenzeka kuphela kulawo mathuba lapho umuntu ekhishwe ilungelo lokukhalaza. Yilokho, kuze kube yilapho icala lihlolwe okwesibili, isikhalazo asikwazi ukuhlala nje. Lo mthetho usebenza futhi uma isikhathi esibekiwe sokudluliswa kwezikhalazo siphele ngokuphelele. Ezimweni ezinjengalezi, umuntu kumele afake isicelo enkantolo ukuze aphinde aphinde abuyele leli gama futhi afake isikhalazo esifanele ngokugunyazwa kwesibili. Enye indlela yokufinyelela ku-cassation ayinakwenzeka.

Inkantolo yesithathu - igunya

Uma ufaka isicelo kusiphathi sosizo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ububanzi bemisebenzi yalo bukhawulelwe. Okufanayo kusebenza emikhumbi. Yiqiniso, ububanzi bamandla abo bukhulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, lesi sici sincike ngokuphelele esimweni lapho inkantolo ethile ibhekisela khona. Ngakho-ke, ukuxoshwa kwamacala omphakathi kunqunyelwe amandla emzimbeni wesithathu. Ngokomthetho wamanje, inqubo yokudlulisa isikhala ikhona ukulungisa ukwephulwa kwezidingo zenqubo noma yokulawula okulandelayo:

• Empeleni wazimisela umphumela wecala;
• Babevunyelwe abamele ubulungiswa;
• Kuncike ekuqedeni okuphoqelekile, uma kungenjalo ngeke kwenzeke ukuvikela izithakazelo zemvelo yangasese noma yomphakathi.

Inkantolo ye-cassation ayinelungelo lokwenzani?

Njengoba sinikezwe uhlaka olunikezwe ngaphambili lapho igunya lokuphatha okwesithathu lidingeka khona ukusebenza, singakwazi ukubona imingcele eminingi ephathelene nemisebenzi yayo esheshayo. Ngakho-ke, i-CCP cassation ayifanele:

• Ukucabangela ubufakazi obungakahlelwa ngaphambilini;
• Cabanga ngobufakazi obusha obungazange buvunywe ngaphambili yinkantolo;
• Phatha amadokhumenti efayeleni ngendlela yawo;
• Ukuthola ukwethembeka kobufakazi;
• Misela okuqukethwe kwesigwebo sokwahlulela ezindikimbeni eziphansi.

Amaphuzu athulisiwe abonisa ukuthi iCassation ye-CCP inqunyelwe. Noma kunjalo, leli qiniso alisho ukungabi nalutho kwalesi sikhalazo enkantolo yesithathu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kunezimingcele ezikhona zokubheka icala nokusiza iqembu elinentshisekelo.

Isikhalazo

Isikhalazo sokuqokwa kwesinqumo sokuphikisa isikhalazo sinesakhiwo esisemthethweni. Ngakho-ke, kufanele iqukathe izidingo ezithile, futhi ube nokuqukethwe okufanele. Kodwa-ke, uma kunikezwa amandla okulinganiselwe ezinkantolo zesithathu, akudingekile ukuchaza ubudlelwane bomthetho obuphikisanayo esikhalazweni, ukwethula ubufakazi obusha noma ukuphikisana namandla okufakazela amaphepha anikezwe omunye umuntu wenkambiso. Kulokhu, umuntu kufanele aqonde iqiniso lokuthi "amaphutha omthetho kuphela" afanelekile ezinkambisweni ze-cassation. Isibonelo siwukuthi isimiso somthetho asizange sisetshenziswe, okuyinto, ngesisekelo sezimo zecala, kufanele kucatshangelwe, noma ukuchazwa okungalungile kwamalungiselelo athile omthetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhalazo sokuqokwa kwesinqumo sokudlulisa icala kufanele sibe nezinkomba zokubaluleka okubalulekile kweziphambeko ezenzelwe icala lonke kanye nenqubo yokucubungula. Kulokhu, isikhalazo enkantolo yesithathu sizokwamukelwa, futhi lowo muntu uzothola usizo olufanelekayo.

Ingabe udinga i-cassation nhlobo?

Abantu abaningi abasendleleni yokuxazulula inkinga yesidingo sokubuyekeza leli cala bavame ukungaqondi kahle ukuthi yiziphi izinqubo zokucutshungulwa. Uma ungazi ukuthi uzofaka isikhalazo, kuzomele ukhulume nommeli omuhle ozohlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini isenzo esinjalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umuntu kufanele aqonde ukuthi i-cassation iyi-lottery ehlanzekile, ngoba, njengoba sesishilo kakade, inkantolo yesithathu ihlola kuphela ukutholakala kwamaphutha futhi akukho lutho. Ngakho-ke, mhlawumbe akufanele uchithe isikhathi sakho namandla phezu kwemisebenzi enjalo?

Isiphetho

Ngakho-ke, sithole ukuthi i-cassation iyini inqubo yomphakathi. Ukwengamela inkantolo ephakeme yalolu hlobo kubaluleke kakhulu kulo lonke uhlelo lwezomthetho lwaseRussia. Phela, ukuphumelela kwayo kuxhomeke ekungenikeni kokucubungula amacala ezimweni ezifanele.