Concept futhi izinhlobo izenzo normative futhi esemthethweni Russian Federation

Kuwo wonke umlando, abantu abaningi baye bazama ukuthola indlela ekahle ukuzithiba. Lezi ukusesha ngokuvamile yaphela ngempela nakuba, futhi ngezinye izikhathi eyingozi kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, abantu namanje ephethwe lesingiko siphindze sitfutfukise luhlelo ephelele ngempela ukuzithiba - ngakwesokudla. Kodwa musa uthole kuqala kunathi.

Ekuqaleni, indlela eyinhloko lokukholisa noma ithonya kwaba nodlame. Kamuva le mfanelo ezibalulekile igunya wasendulo lwaludlula ngu kwezinkambiso yokuziphatha, kancani athoma angase ajeziswe kanzima ngumuntu igunya elithile. Ngakho, kwakheka namuhla umthetho nendlela ophucukile kakhulu self-inhlangano kanye self-ukuphathwa kwabantu. Yena ngenkuthalo lisebenzisa amandla kunoma isiphi isimo kuya kunomthelela oqonde ngqo izakhamuzi. Nokho, ngokuvamile i-kukhona umbuzo, njengoba ilungelo empeleni ukusebenza, noma kulethwa ukwazi okwenziwa abantu abavamile ka esimweni esithile. Namuhla, ngalolu daba ku -mbono yokuziphendukela umthetho kwakhiwa igatsha lonke wesayensi etadisha izenzo normative iziphathimandla. Kuyinto sibonga imibhalo efana kwesokudla yaqaphela izimpilo zezakhamuzi.

Ngoba yikuphi kukhona NPA?

Siye ngaphambilini waveza ukuthi imithetho - kuwuhlobo oluthile lokuvivinya umzimba ngqo ilungelo empilweni yangempela. Zisetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene ukulawulwa ubudlelwane ezithile. Uhlelo izihloko ukusetshenziswa iziqondiso kuyinto ngempela ebanzi, njengoba Kamuva sizoxoxa ngokuthi esihlokweni. Kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezindlela izenzo nesimo unenjongo ehlukile, okuyinto isikhathi esiningi abalobi zomthetho owaziwa kuphela.

Iqiniso lokuthi NPA libhekene yokusebenza komthetho kunoma iliphi isimo ngokugcwele. ngokucacile kakhulu, lesi sici kuzibonakalisa Russia, ngoba kukhona iziqondiso kukhona umthombo kwezomthetho ukhiye. Empeleni, isimiso somthetho sangaleso isimo siqukethe NPA ngoba kuzo ububonisa uhlaka lwayo ezintathu-piece ehlanganisa imikhakha, izikhungo, kanye nezinkambiso zomthetho ngabanye. Lwati izinhlobo izenzo normative futhi esemthethweni Russian Federation sikwazi ukubona umphumela yangempela yalo isakhiwo ukulawulwa ubunjalo umphakathi we ubuhlobo.

Izihloko zisebenzisa PPA

Ngaphambi kokuba sihlole ngqo umqondo futhi izinhlobo izenzo normative futhi ngokomthetho eRussia, kubalulekile ukuqonda uhlelo abadlali abasebenzisa nabo ngqo. Uma sicabanga ngale ndaba jikelele, bonke ngothi lwabo, izihloko zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu: jikelele futhi ekhethekile.

1. izifundo Jikelele zisebenzisa PPA - iyona wonke umphakathi Russian Federation, kungakhathaliseki ubulili, isimo sabo emphakathini, isimo sabo emphakathini, izikhundla, njll Wonke umuntu, ngaphandle kokukhetha, ohlala Russian Federation ubophekile ukuba zithobele imithetho futhi i- kwezinkambiso ebekwe nabo ... Lokho izenzo ezinjalo zomthetho zezakhamizi kanye nabanye abantu abahlala endaweni Russia, ukuhlinzeka isinyathelo real PPA.

2. Vido Okwesibili izifundo - ekhethekile. Angakwenza kanjani ukubalwa phakathi emizimbeni yazo zonke amagatsha kahulumeni (executive, yokushaya imithetho kanye zokwahlulela). Ngakho, isici esiyinhloko ephawula kuncike ekhethekile - kuyinto sokusebenzisana ngqo izidumbu kahle kwemandla embuso yeRussia. Njengomthetho, abameleli kwalesi silwane sanikwa amandla amaningi, kunokuba kwezihloko jikelele ukusetshenziswa kanye nokuqaliswa kwezinkambiso we PPA.

Umqondo PPA

Concept futhi izinhlobo izenzo normative esemthethweni - kukhona imigomo atehlukaniseki. Nokho, ukugqamisa izici zabo ngokwehlukile, kudingeka uqonde kakhulu okushiwo PPA. Ngokwe-imfundiso nekuchazwa Science of State and Law isenzo zomthetho - idokhumenti ye imvelo olusemthethweni, esithathelwe ngendlela futhi ngaphakathi purview we igunya olulodwa, kokuba owasungulwa ifomu bese ukulungisa imithetho isimo-zungu yokuziphatha, okuyinto zenzelwe esingenamkhawulo ukuthi abantu. Kwethulwa umqondo kwamukelwa ukuthi kukhona umthetho "ejwayelekile", uma singakubeka kanjalo. Nokho, impikiswano yesayensi emhlabeni siqondwa njengoba PPA futhi idokhumenti, futhi njengoba isenzo ekwakhiweni kwemithetho. Ingqikithi yalo gama bahluke. Esimweni sokuqala okukhulunywe imithetho semthethweni bayasho naphakathi eziphathekayo yamazinga zomthetho, okuyinto semthethweni. Njengoba for esimweni sesibili, khona-ke isenzo normative ubonakala njengeNkosi "umkhiqizo" inqubo umthetho wokwenza, okusho ukulawula yokungapheleli esesidlangalaleni ubuhlobo. Kulokhu, lo PPA, umqondo, izinhlobo zazo okwethulwa kulesi sihloko, badlala indima ebalulekile lwetemtsetfo Russian.

PPA njengoba imithombo zomthetho

Ngokomlando, ukuthi iRussia phakathi kwamazwe omkhaya Romano-zamaJalimane komthetho. Isici esivamile se-kula mazwe ngukutsi umthombo oyinhloko umthetho iyona PPA. Kuyinto ngenxa yalesi simo wenza bafundzi bakhone kutfutfukisa onkhe kweminye imithombo. Ngokuphathelene nesigcino izenzo zomthetho, afakiwe nase uhlelo olulodwa, okuyinto hhayi kuphela kulayini, kodwa futhi phezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithetho 'bayazalwa' ngenxa inqubo ethize umthetho wokwenza, okungase ukukhiqiza emizimbeni ogunyazwe ngokukhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe zonke ithuluzi ekhona ihambisana nezidingo inqubo engokomthetho, kanye isimiso kusemthethweni nobuntu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umqondo futhi izinhlobo izenzo normative futhi esemthethweni Russian Federation bungabonakala, ngosizo sabaphathi ekhona, njengoba lesi sici isici esiyinhloko isimiso somthetho sangaleso Russian.

Uhlelo zezomthetho Russian Federation njengoba iqoqo izenzo nesimo

Lwati izinhlobo izenzo normative futhi ngokomthetho eRussia ngezindlela eziningi ukusiza ukuhlola kanye ukugqamisa amaphuzu ayisihluthulelo isimiso somthetho sangaleso kulesi sifundazwe. Ngakho, esekelwe le ndlela kungashiwo ukuthi isimiso somthetho we Russian Federation - iqoqo izenzo zomthetho ezweni noma emhlabeni jikelele, okuyizinto ngesisekelo isiko wezomthetho isimo futhi umlamuli eyinhloko yobuhlobo nomphakathi. umqondo okunjalo kusala esilufifi, kodwa Classic kakhulu. Inkinga wukuthi uhlelo lomthetho ngeke kubhekwe kuphela ngokuya iziqondiso. Lena nakanjani ezuzisayo in umongo lesi sihloko, kodwa kakhulu gxila izici ezinjalo akudingekile.

izenzo normative-zomthetho: ngezigaba

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili esihlokweni isigaba sabaphathi we PPA ivumela zokuhlukanisa kubo. Umbandela esiyinhloko kwamangqamuzana ka wonke, ngaphandle kokukhetha, le PPA ungamandla zomthetho. Kunezindawo ezimbili eyinhloko ngezigaba, okuyilezi:

1. Ukwahlukaniswa mpo - kuyinto indawo yabo bonke iziqondiso ngokuvumelana endaweni yabo sabaphathi jikelele soMthethosisekelo WaseRussia izenzo eminyangweni ethile. Lapho lehlukanisako njengalawo kungabuye kusho ukuthi yonke imithetho - ". Umthetho neziqondiso" isimiso

2. ngezigaba ovundlile uhlukanisa zonke PPA hhayi kuphela ngesisekelo semthethweni, kodwa i-scope kwesicelo. Ngokwesibonelo, imithetho kwezihloko Russian Federation abe nesiqeshana afanayo kwezomthetho. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwazo kukhawulwe ngokwendawo. Ngakho-ke, umqondo kanye nezinhlobo izenzo normative esemthethweni weRiphabhulikhi Kazakhstan (Republic of Kazakhstan nezinye izifunda Russian) awacatshangwa todvwa, kodwa kuphela ngokuhlangana ne namanye amadokhumenti zomphakathi force zomthetho alinganayo. Phela, imfundiso yokuziphendukela umthetho indlela kubaluleke kakhulu jikelele ukulawulwa nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana, kunokuba izici indawo yenqubo.

Ngakho, imithetho, futhi lokhu ngezigaba uvezwa sihloko kokungafani okukhulu sixhumene. imininingwane yabo ngaphezulu ingabonakala kuphela uma sicabangisisa ngazo zonke izinhlobo ngokwehlukile.

UMthethosisekelo - isisekelo isimiso somthetho we Russian Federation

Concept futhi izinhlobo izenzo normative esemthethweni Ngeke kucatshangelwe ngaphandle kucatshangelwa uMthethosisekelo Russian kanye nemithetho yayo. Phela, uMthetho Basic akuyona kuphela eliphakeme sisebenza zomthetho izenzo zalo normative we Russian Federation, kodwa futhi isisekelo lonke isimiso somthetho sangaleso isimo. Isici esiyinhloko mthethonqubo iwukuba okuqukethwe kwawo. UMthethosisekelo usungula isikhundla kuhulumeni, isakhiwo indawo nezombusazwe zezwe, ukuqaliswa izimiso kwamalungelo esintu kanye nenkululeko. Njengoba sihambisana nale isiqondiso esiyisisekelo yamukelwa isimo inqubo ngokwanele ezithile.

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi, ngokungafani nezinye izenzo normative isimo, uMthethosisekelo kumele ukuhlangabezana namazinga zomthetho ngamazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, konke PPA RF wadala kuphela ngesisekelo umthetho eziyisisekelo. Noma yimuphi ukungqubuzana nabo inadmissible. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi zonke lezi ziqondiso, izimpawu kanye nezinhlobo zazo okwethulwa kulesi sihloko zisekelwe izici eziyinhloko Russian Federation, okuyinto kuMtsetfosisekelo. Ngokuba abanjalo ukuthuthukiswa eziseqhulwini izwe yilezi:

1. Democracy.

2. federalism isakhiwo indawo.

3. Ukubusa komthetho, umthetho.

4. Humaneness kwamandla.

5. orientation nomphakathi.

6. ifomu Republican kahulumeni.

7. Transparency kwamandla.

Ngaleso sizathu uMthetho Basic ulawula futhi empeleni "kudala" besebenzisa amasu zomthetho nemizimba ekhethekile isenzo ngamunye zomthetho. Concept, izinhlobo nebutho zomthetho - ke ungumthombo RF kuMthethosisekelo, ikakhulukazi ubunjalo zomthetho kwemibhalo yomphakathi.

Izichibiyelo uMthethosisekelo

Siye ngaphambilini kuqashelwe ukuthi uMthethosisekelo lwemukelwa futhi izinguquko umyalelo othize. Ngokwesibonelo, ezahlukweni ngabanye yomthetho eziyisisekelo kungashintshwa kuphela kubuyeketa ngokuphelele yonke isenzo. Ukuze enze lokhu inqubo, wahlela ukuba kube ekhethekile Constitutional Assembly. Ukwemukelwa yomthetho entsha eyisisekelo kumele kube 3/5 of the number of lamavoti amalungu lwekamelo eliphezulu futhi aphansi ephalamende imbala. Direct ekuthathweni Kwenziwa ukwakheka efanayo abahlanganyeli khona 2/3 lamavoti. Siphinde sihlinzekele Nenye inqubo lula ekubuyekezeni kwezinkambiso yomthethosisekelo - ". On Izichibiyelo uMthethosisekelo Russian Federation" ngokwakha umthetho kahulumeni ahlukene

Umthetho kuleli Russian Federation

imithetho Federal - yilona eliphezulu ukuwedlula wonke e amandla ayo zomthetho emva iziqondiso uMthethosisekelo. Yini siphathelene kubo, hhayi nzima ukuqagela, ngoba ohlelweni lonke lomthetho Russia uhlezi phezu 'izinsika ezintathu ": uMthethosisekelo, imithetho neziqondiso. Law - liyisici esiyinhloko umsebenzi zomthetho we eponymous isimo umzimba - iPhalamende bicameral we Russian Federation. Ngaphandle kokukhetha, zonke zomthetho iyawabopha yonke indawo isimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithetho akufanele eziphikisana nazo. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, uMthetho akukwazi wo hlinzeka nganoma iyiphi indlela kuphambene uMthethosisekelo.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imithetho yase yokutholwa kuphela nezindaba engaphansi kwe WaseRussia. Ngamanye amazwi, isihloko izindaba ezibaluleke kakhulu yezwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMthetho Federal ulawula ubudlelwane kule noma ukuthi igatsha komthetho. Kusuka lapha ungakhetha umqondo futhi izinhlobo izenzo normative esemthethweni komthetho wezabasebenzi, isigebengu, kwezomnotho, civil, nokunye. N. kuncike komthetho futhi amalungiselelo ezibaluleke kakhulu soMthethosisekelo, noma kunalokho, lo mshini kokusebenza kwabo ngokushesha. Ngakho, anikezwe imithetho yase elawula isakhiwo sendawo WaseRussia, ukuvikelwa kanye kwamalungelo esintu kanye nenkululeko, uhlelo neziphathimandla zikahulumeni, izinguquko uMthetho Basic nokunye. E. nani aliphelelanga, njengoba ubudlelwane zomphakathi bayatfutfuka cishe ngomzuzwana. Lokho kusho ukuthi isihloko umthetho federal - kuba umqondo elinomqondo obanzi ohlanganisa inani elikhulu nezinye izici.

Izinhlobo imithetho nezinqubo ukwamukelwa kwabo

imithetho yamazwe babe ngezigaba zabo, okuyinto ithuthukiswe ngokuhamba practice zomthetho, noma kunalokho, yezinhlelo zokwenziwa kwemithetho. Ngokusho lokhu umbandela, imiqondo kanye nezinhlobo izenzo normative zomthetho ngokomthetho ingahlukaniswa kanje:

1. UMthetho Basic - iziqondiso, equkethe okushiwo isihloko imigomo, kanye nenqubo ekwenzeni lokho okuhleliwe.

2. Imithetho Izichibiyelo - isenzo normative unamalungiselelo ngcono noma ushintshe imithetho ekhona yamazwe.

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi yimuphi zomthetho isenzo, umqondo, izinhlobo, isakhiwo iningi zazo okwethulwa kulesi sihloko has a inqubo ekhethekile ukwemukelwa noma indalo. imithetho yamazwe kulo mqondo, akukho okuhlukile ngokuqondene nalo mthetho. NgokoMthethosisekelo isiRashiya, Umthetho wadala yisishayamthetho, okungukuthi, uMbuso Duma. kakhulu Inqubo wokutholwa yomthetho has izici zayo siqu. Project isiqondiso ngamunye egcina izigaba eziningana ukuba siyicabangele. Ngisho ukwamukelwa akusona isiqinisekiso zokungena zalo phakathi force. Ngokwesibonelo, UMengameli Sigcizelela ilungelo likasihlalo lokunqabela ngomthetho, okuyinto Kwakuyohlanganisani wokubuyekeza yayo.

Izenzo uMongameli

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi iRussia republic kamongameli. Leli qiniso libonisa amandla umthombo obalulekile ezifana isenzo kamongameli zomthetho, umqondo, izinhlobo, izimpawu zazo kukhonjisiwe ngezansi. Yiqiniso, ngenxa imfundiso ngamazwe sokubusa ngentando yeningi izenzo kweNhloko Yombuso akukwazi kunaleyo amandla ayo zomthetho kuka izenzo isiShayamthetho. Nokho, imibhalo kamongameli alawule hhayi ezindaweni ezingabalulekile kakhulu of Public Relations. Njengoba imithetho kahulumeni, izenzo kaMongameli Russia zingakhokhelwa akuphikisani uMthethosisekelo. Nokho, nabo abakwazi ukuncintisana nganoma iyiphi indlela nge umthetho kahulumeni. Njengomthetho, izenzo kamongameli zamukelwa ku nendawo ethile ye-Federation. Kuye subject ethize wesi, ukwaba ama-oda nezinqumo uMongameli we Russian Federation.

1. izinqumo ngokuthi isinqumo kamengameli, kokuba uhlamvu normative. Basuke ekhishwe ngenjongo Ukulisebenzisa ngokuphindaphindiwe, kanye okuqhubekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-oda unayo subject ethize wesi, okungukuthi isinqumo ukwamukela inkonzo isikhundla central executive imizimba noma ukuze uyeke, ukunikeza imihlobiso isimo, ukukhoseliswa ezombusazwe, isabelo sabantu bezigaba ekilasini kanye ezinhlwini ekhethekile.

2. Ama-oda kukhona izinqumo ezingaphezu zokusebenza umongameli futhi ngokuvamile yakhelwe ukubhekana imisebenzi yokuphatha, ezifana lokuhlela umsebenzi sikaMongameli Administration.

Ngakho, imithetho kamongameli, umqondo, izinhlobo zazo echazwe ngenhla, kukhona "iphuzu" izixazululo inhloko yezwe mayelana nezindaba ngaphansi kolawulo ensimini yayo eqondile.

izenzo zikahulumeni

Uhulumeni waseRussia - lena ebusayo eyinhloko yamandla esiphethe isimo. It inakekela futhi empeleni kuqinisekisa ukuqaliswa kohlelo ngokomthetho eRussia. Ngaphansi kohlaka enekhono, uHulumeni lingakhipha iziqondiso kohlobo oluthile. NgokoMthethosisekelo, okungukuthi Article 114 uhulumeni sekhono ezilandelayo:

- ebambe izinqubomgomo credit, okwenza imali wezimali;

- kwenqubomgomo emkhakheni namasiko, ezempilo, ukuphepha komphakathi, njll ...

- Ukuphathwa komhiaba yase nemvelo;

- amanyathelo wonke afaneleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuvikela isimo;

- eminye imisebenzi njengoba ingase yabelwe igunya central soMthethosisekelo, izenzo uMongameli nemithetho kahulumeni.

Ngo inqubo isiqondiso zomthetho kanye nokuqaliswa kwezinkambiso soMthethosisekelo nemithetho kahulumeni uhulumeni we Russian Federation unelungelo ukukhipha iziqondiso zabo. Ukuze zihlanganisa lezo zinqumo kanye oda. Umehluko omkhulu itholakala njengobunengi bemiphefumulo elingabhekiselwe imigomo, kanye nemvelo futhi umgomo kolwazi linamathele PPA.

izenzo emithetho zezinkonzo

Uhulumeni waseRussia yakhiwa neminyango ehlukene noma zezinkonzo, njengoba bebizwa kanjalo. Ngenjongo usebenzise amandla, kulezi zinhlangano Unelungelo ukukhipha iziqondiso zabo, ngaphezu nemithetho kahulumeni. Njengomthetho, izenzo zezinkonzo zikhishwa ukuze alawule ubudlelwane ezithile endaweni ethile. Kungxenye yokugcina kunqunywa kuye ngenhloso ngamunye enkonzweni. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kushicilelwe NPA oba kuphela ne emizimbeni obuphakeme amandla esiphezulu. Ngamanye amazwi, kuphela Ministry unelungelo ukukhipha PPA. neminyango ngamunye kanye namasevisi angeke athuthukisa amadokhumenti omthetho ngenxa yokuntuleka igunya.

Ngakho, kulesi sihloko siye sabuka gama kanjengoba isenzo zomthetho. Concept, izinhlobo, izici lokhu iqoqo imibhalo ngokomthetho ephawulekayo yethuliwe lo mbiko. Ekuphetheni, kufanele kusho ukuthi uhlelo PPA namanje has a lot of nezindaba ezingakaxazululwa ukuthi kudingeka zixazululwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kanye izinga e pravorealizatsii.