Gregor Mendel - umsunguli zofuzo

Mendel kwaba indela kanye injabulo enkulu bayoqhuba amakilasi mathematics ne-physics esikoleni eseduze. Kodwa akazange awaqondise noma ukudlula isitifiketi isimo isikhundla sokuba uthisha. Abbot wabona ukoma kwakhe ulwazi kanye eliphezulu kakhulu intelligence amakhono. Wamthumela-University of Vienna emfundo ephakeme. Kube Gregor Mendel wafunda iminyaka emibili. Uma elapho, wayeya emakilasini e ngesayensi yemvelo kanye mathematics. Lokhu kwamsiza ukuba eminye ukusungula imithetho ifa.

iminyaka Complicated zezemfundo

Gregor Mendel ngimntwana yesibili emkhayeni abalimi kanye izimpande isiJalimane Slavic. Ngo-1840, lo mfana iziqu emakilasini eziyisithupha yokutadisha esikoleni esiphakeme, futhi saya ngonyaka olandelayo engena ekilasini zefilosofi. Kodwa kuleyo minyaka, isimo zezimali zasekhaya usufinyelele, futhi Mendel oneminyaka engu-16 ubudala kwakudingeka anakekele ukudla yabo. Kwakunzima kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, uma sebeqedile ukuqeqeshwa esikoleni zefilosofi waba imfundamakhwela ngesikhathi sezindela.

By endleleni, igama uyiphile ngesikhathi sokuzalwa - Johann. Kakade esigodlweni sakhe esabe sesaziwa ngokuthi Gregor. Lokho akwenza lapha akusilo ize, njengoba kwaba ukusekelwa kwezingane nokusekelwa ngokwezimali, kubenze bakwazi ukuqhubeka nemfundo yabo. Ngo-1847 yena seluqaliwe ku ubupristi. Phakathi nale nkathi, wafunda Theological School. Lapha kwakukhona umtapo ocebile, okuyinto has nomthelela omuhle yokufunda.

Yokusinda kwe-monk futhi uthisha

Gregor, ongazange asazi ukuthi - umsunguli ikusasa zofuzo, amakilasi esikoleni ngemva kokwehluleka kwe-isitifiketi kwaba eyunivesithi. Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu zakhe Mendel abuyela emzini ka Brunn futhi aqhubeka efundisa isayensi yemvelo kanye physics. Waphinde ezama futhi ukuba eqinisekisiwe isikhundla sokuba uthisha, kodwa umzamo wesibili wayebuye abe ukwehluleka.

Ufundza kusebentisa uphizi

Kungani Mendel kubhekwa umsunguli ngezakhi zofuzo? Kusukela 1856 yena engadini sezindela waqala ukuhlola okunzulu kanye yokubukisa ezihlobene zokuzalanisa izitshalo. On isibonelo uphizi liveza amaphethini ifa zezici ezahlukene izitshalo siyinzalo hybrid. Ngemva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa zokuhlolwa seziqedile. Futhi ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, ngo-1865, emihlanganweni Society of imvelo Brunn, wenza isethulo ku ngokwawo mayelana nomsebenzi owenziwayo. Ngemva konyaka wanyathelisa isihloko sakhe mayelana ukulinga isitshalo nzalo. Kuyinto ngenxa yakhe wabeka zofuzo izisekelo njengenhlangano isiyalo ezimele yezesayensi. Ngenxa yalokhu, Mendel - umsunguli zofuzo.

Uma ososayensi ngaphambili kungenzeka yini ukuthi zonke abuthele ndawonye futhi izimiso ifomu, Gregor benza. Bangabaholi imithetho nokucubungula kwesayensi ziye zakhelwe noma incazelo nzalo, kanye nenzalo yabo. uhlamvu notation uhlelo izibonakaliso yasungulwa futhi isicelo. izimiso Mendel ezimbili abangu zavela, lapho ungenza izibikezelo mayelana ifa.

ukuqashelwa kamuva

Naphezu isihloko sakhe encwadini, emsebenzini kwadingeka ukubuyekeza omuhle munye kuphela. Kahle asabela ngayo imisebenzi usosayensi German Mendel Naegeli, naye wafundelwa hybridization. Kodwa kwadingeka ukungabaza mayelana yokuthi imithetho ezembulwa kuphela uphizi, kungaba jikelele. Wasikisela ukuthi Mendel, umsunguli we zofuzo, ucwaningo okuphindaphindiwe nakwamanye zezimila. Gregor nalo bavumelana ngenhlonipho.

Wazama ukuphinda ukulinga Hieracium, kodwa imiphumela ayiphumelelanga. Kwaba iminyaka eminingi kuphela kamuva, kwaba sobala ukuthi kungani. Okwenzeka empeleni ukuthi imbewu isitshalo akhiqizwa ngaphandle ukuzala. Kwakukhona nezinye okuhlukile izimiso ezaholela umsunguli zofuzo. Ukulandela ukushicilelwa esiqeshini ngokuth zezitshalo bodumo, naso sasho ucwaningo Mendel, njengoba 1900, kwaba khona ukuqashelwa umsebenzi wakhe. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kuba 1900 kubhekwa unyaka lokuzalwa kwale sayensi.

Konke Mendel wathola, kwamenza waqiniseka ukuthi imithetho esachazwa kuye ngosizo a ipea, kukhona jikelele. Kwakudingekile kuphela ukukholisa abanye ososayensi. Kodwa umsebenzi kunzima njengoba nje, njengoba nje izinto zesayensi. Futhi sonke ngoba ukwazi amaqiniso nokuqonda zabo - kuhlukile ngokuphelele. ukuvula isiphetho zofuzo, okungukuthi, ukubambezeleka engu-35 phakathi ukutholakala yena abaqaphela umphakathi - lokhu akukona indida. Ngo isayensi, kuba impela ezivamile. Eminyakeni eyikhulu ngemva Mendel, lapho zofuzo iqhakazile, zabulawa behlelwa ukuvulwa kaMcClintock, abangazange kwaziwa iminyaka engu-25.

ifa

Ngo-1868, usosayensi, umsunguli zofuzo, Mendel baba wesigodlo we sezindela. It is saphela cishe ngokuphelele ukwenza isayensi. Emaphuzwini akhe phezu zomlando wesayensi yezilimi eziye zatholakala, ezifanelekayo ukufuya izinyosi, kanye meteorology. Endaweni Isigodlo manje iyisonto Museum okuthiwa Gregor Mendel. Futhi ngegama lakhe iphephabhuku ekhethekile ngokwesayensi.