Gasoline - kuyinto ... Uhlobo uphethiloli, izici zabo

Imoto kuyinto eziyinkimbinkimbi izindlela uhlelo ezidinga ukunakekelwa efanele nokulandela izincomo ukusetshenziswa. Ayakhululwa ngumkhiqizi futhi wabonisa ngokuningiliziwe ngendlela uhlu imiyalelo.

Uphethiloli - it is uphethiloli ezaziwayo. On the ukuqina izici eyinhloko imoto kuncike emsebenzini. Uma fuel is ivunyelaniswe nezidingo injini, injini kuzodinga bayawukhanda noma esikhundleni maduze. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisa uphethiloli eliphezulu neqoqo wayefisa izici, umshayeli kunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko nokugcinwa imishini yabo.

Namuhla kukhona izinhlobonhlobo eziningi fuel ukuze injini. Kuyini umehluko phakathi kwabo kuzosiza baqonde iseluleko abashayeli abanolwazi kanye technologists. Yenza isinqumo esifanele kulokhu ilula.

izici Jikelele

Ngokuthi uphethiloli ingxube eziwumphumela we-ziphuzo zazihluzwa of petroleum. Yenzelwe yangaphakathi omlilo izinjini. Ukuvuvukala kwenzeka ohlelweni uphoqelekile. Uphethiloli "Ford", "Opel", "Ladas" nokunye. E. Kwangathi ziyahlukahluka ezintweni eziningi izici. Lokhu kungenxa umehluko uphethiloli.

Gasoline amathumba uma ukufuthelana kusuka 28 kuya 215 ° C. Ukwabela ngemoto zezindiza zilwane. Eminyakeni yamuva, khudlwana izimfuneko uphethiloli kwemvelo ahlanzekile. Ngakho-ke, ngo-ngezithako zawo inani sulphur compounds kwehliselwe, kanye hydrocarbon elimnandi.

I izici eziyinhloko ezichaza kwenkululeko zokubasa ngoba izimoto kukhona Ukwakheka wamaqhuzu, detonation nokuzinza zamakhemikhali, ingcindezi umusi, nokunye. D. Ngaphambi ukuthenga lwesimila kumele ayejwayele sezindawo eziyisisekelo uphethiloli.

Detonation ukuzinza kanye octane

Ilangabi e injini ubabonisa ngokuvamile ngesilinganiso esingamaphesenti 20-30 m / s. Kwezinye izimo kungase ukwandisa kakhulu (kufika ku 1500-2500 m / s). Kuleli qophelo, kukhona detonation. Kuthinta ekusebenzeni injini. amagagasi Kwenziwe ezikhiqiza uphethiloli. "Opel", "Peugeot", "Mercedes" imoto noma yimuphi omunye umkhiqizo uma kwenzeka isimo esinjalo iqala ukuba zokukhipha nophethiloli.

Detonation kunciphisa amandla injini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ashise ngokusebenzisa qeda yayo valve futhi pistons. Ukuze akhombise zokubasa detonation ukumelana wasebenzisa inombolo octane. Ukuze uchaze kuyo inqubo ukwakha isakhiwo umakhi likaphethiloli uqhuba ukuhlolwa lapho ukulayishwa nemibandela wamaphaphu.

Izindlela sokunquma inombolo octane

Gasoline - kubaswa ngazo umlilo, okuyinto ngesikhathi operation yenjini ixubene emoyeni ngezabelo ezithile. Inombolo octane kungaba azimisele ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko. Lena indlela ucwaningo kanye motor. Esimweni sokuqala, isivivinyo Kwenziwa ngaso imithwalo ongaphakeme futhi okwesibili - ngesivinini bafudumale lokushisa.

Ngu indlela ye gasolines test zihlukaniswe 2 amaqembu ayinhloko. Eyokuqala yalezi ube wokugubha incwadi "Mina". Lokhu kusho ukuthi isibalo octane usumisiwe ngosizo indlela ucwaningo. Uma kophawu ihlanganisa incwadi "A", kusho ukuthi oshaya umkhawulo Amamitha motor indlela. Inombolo octane kungenziwa esibekwe yalezi zindlela ezimbili kanyekanye. kulokhu wokugubha has izinhlamvu "AI".

Ukwahlukanisa octane

Nquma esiteshini gas ngombuzo "onjani fuel kungcono nje ugcwalise injini" kufanele kubhekwe ngezigaba okujwayelekile inombolo octane. Kusekelwe indlela ucwaningo.

Ngokusho kwalo, kunezizathu 4 izinhlobo zikaphethiloli. Hlukanisa "Jwayelekile-80", "njalo-92" futhi "Super 98" futhi "95-Premium '. Uhlobo lokuqala yakhelwe izinjini iloli, kanye AI-80.

Kunalokho uphethiloli leaded A-93 emotweni namuhla wanquma ukusebenzisa "avamile-92." Mayelana nezimoto angaphandle, injini okwenziwé njengakho konke yaseYurophu nezimfuneko evamile ukusebenzisa "Super-98" noma "Premium 95". Lokhu fuel uyakwazi bandise nokuphila injini izimoto angaphandle izindlela, futhi ihlangabezana ngokugcwele okusezingeni eliphezulu nezimfuneko zemvelo.

izinga uphethiloli

Abanikazi izimoto bezinye izizwe, njenge "Mercedes", "Ford", "Peugeot", okuyiwona uphethiloli kumele kuhambisane ezindinganisweni eziphakeme zaseYurophu, ukuthuthukisa ngemibuzo ekhungathekisayo ezifuywayo izinga nophethiloli.

Ezweni lethu, kukhona umkhuba okwandisa izinga uphethiloli kanye nenani octane yehle ngo-isebenzisa izithasiselo ekhethekile. Lokhu izingxenye anti-engqongqoza. Ukuvimbela kumiswa kodaka e injini, bajwayele lihambisana kadoti.

Antidetonators aqukethe phambili. Ahwamukayo aphume amagesi injini qeda, lezi izinto adedelwa imvelo, ushevu. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obufana kuyinto indlela kunalokho ngabazeka. Kungcono ekuqaleni ibe uphethiloli eliphezulu ohlangabezana nezidingo kwemvelo.

fuel ngokungalungile akhethiwe

Ukuzama ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu imoto yakho uphethiloli, abashayeli abaningi namanje benza amaphutha. nomkhiqizi ngamunye calibrates injini ngaphansi uhlobo oluthile ingxube. Uma lonke uhlelo, microprocessors nezinzwa eyenzelwe "Premium 95", injini ngeke bakwazi ukusebenza "Jwayelekile-80" ngokugcwele.

Kulokhu, inzwa engqongqoza imithwalo, ukushesha kungazelelwe iyohlale isiqalile. Lokhu kubangela i operation engazinzile we motor, ekunciphiseni Dynamics yayo. Uma inzwa engqongqoza ayisebenzi kahle, amandla iyunithi kungase overheat. ngaleyo ndlela Valve futhi piston ubhujiswe ngokushesha. Fuel ukusetshenziswa uqala ukwandisa. Engine ukulungisa kanye nezinye izinhlelo kuzobiza kunanini ukugcwalisa imoto uphethiloli edingekayo ekilasini.

Indlela lokuhlola izinga uphethiloli?

Abathengisi abonakele ingakwazi ukushintsha ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kukaphethiloli ukukhiqiza inzuzo enkulu. Ukuze ugweme ukuba isisulu ukukhwabanisa, kubalulekile ukuba ukuthenga uphethiloli abasabalalisi okuthembekile.

Uphethiloli - yaziwa, okudlekayo, lapho umsebenti incike imoto. izinga layo ngeke ukwazi ukulondoloza. Ihlola kungaba kwenziwe ngokuzimela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, u-petrol is batheleka esitsheni esobala. Ingqikithi kumelwe ube ugodo umbala ophuzi kungekho amanyela.

Uma umthamo ukwengeza potassium permanganate, nophethiloli akufanele kube pink. Kungenjalo, ushintsho umbala kubonisa lo dilution ngamanzi. Kwezinye amagalaji uphawu ukuze ugweme uphethiloli mbumbulu ongcoliswe izindlela ezahlukene.

Uma ufake iconsi uphethiloli esandleni basihlikihle akufanele ahlale nokuncane amafutha. Uma kungenjalo, uthi u-diesel amanyela. Futhi kufanele wazise iyiphi iphunga, hhayi ejwayelekile imikhiqizo kaphethiloli.

izimfanelo Chemical we uphethiloli ezinhle

Befuna impendulo kulombuzo mayelana kangakanani uphethiloli kumele batheleka ethangini, udinga ukufunda ngokucophelela lezi ziqondiso. Lezi nemingcele sinquma ngokucacile nomkhiqizi kule dokhumenti.

Phakathi omlilo kumele zabelwe isamba esiphezulu ukushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici thermodynamic kumelwe futhi okusezingeni eliphezulu. Gasoline akhishwa kalula ngokusebenzisa amapayipi kanye motor izindlela. Lesi sibalo akufanele encishisiwe ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi, uthuli. Izinga kahle ukuhwamuka ivumela eside isitoreji uphethiloli kanye nokuqinisekisa umlilo yayo okusheshayo at injini.

Kuba yisikhathi futhi lapho umkhiqizo omuhle ivikela izingxenye system ngokumelene ukugqwala. Modern izinga okusezingeni zokubasa konke okunye kufanele kube ephephile imvelo. Ngokuwa izakhi akumelwe ubuthi imvelo.

umbono uchwepheshe

Ukuze uthenge eliphezulu uphethiloli, ochwepheshe ukweluleka ukuba banamathele iqoqo izincomo. Lokhu kugwema ukukhwabanisa phezu ingxenye nabathengisi, ukulondoloza ukusebenza injini isikhathi eside. Into yokuqala ukuba banake idumela implementer. Ngezinye amagalaji ukuthi uyayazisa igama labo ngeke adayise uphethiloli ongaphakeme-grade.

Kulezi amaphuzu yedivayisi yokuthengisa uphethiloli edingekayo ukuba endaweni yomthengi, kanye imibhalo ezifanele ilungelo ukuthengisa uphethiloli. Ngisho ku ubudala, kodwa eliphezulu igesi iziteshi lilungisiwe, babe mshini ezifanele, isixwayiso izibonakaliso izeluleko.

Kufanele wazise izindleko ngokungenangqondo ongaphakeme uphethiloli. Izinga lo mkhiqizo, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngeke kukusize ngalutho ukonga.

Ikhumbula izincomo ochwepheshe kanye nochwepheshe, singaphetha ngokuthi siwumpompe - the yokubasela yangaphakathi omlilo engine, kusukela lapho uzokhetha incike UKUQINA ukusebenza injini.