Abashevskaya ithoyizi: indlela yokwenza ngezandla zakho siqu

Ngazo zonke izikhathi lesintu, eziqala izizwe bakudala ngisho nanamuhla, wayehamba amathoyizi. Ekuqaleni, lezi kwakungezona imifanekiso bakudala wonkulunkulu ababekhulekelwa abantu, kodwa kancane kancane waqala ukuthuthukisa nekujabulisa ngemfanelo izingane.

Abashevskaya ithoyizi kunalokho "abasha", lolu hlobo Folk art eminyakeni engu-200 ubudala, kodwa inomlando kanye "ukubhalisa" oluthile.

Umlando amathoyizi ubumba

Ukubumba elisuka endulo, ngakho ukuthola ukuthi ngubani okokuqala ngalo obumbeni ukumodeliswa izinsalela izitsha waqala ukwakha futhi izibalo Bhaka zabantu nezilwane, akunakwenzeka. Abashevskaya ubumba amathoyizi okuthiwa ngakho ngenxa "umsuka" yayo asedolobheni elifanayo esikhathini Spassky wesifunda kwezindaba zesifunda Penza.

Leli dolobhana Abashevo Iningi lamakhaya akuMasipala wahlanganyela womshini izinto, kodwa 12 amapulazi ziye esikhiqiza amathoyizi ukuthi steel funa.

Abanye abaculi wancika ngamasiko asendulo, kodwa kwakukhona lezo zimo zehlisa amafomu amasha ngokuphelele, okuyinto zadluliselwa emkhayeni ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Abashevskaya ithoyizi, umlando okuyinto kuhlobene ngokuqondile umlando sigodi, wakwazi 'sisinde "futhi silondoloze uphawu zabo kuze kube namuhla.

Leli dolobhana Abashevo

Iningi labantu bakuleli dolobhana banamathela Amakholwa Old. Ukugwema ukuxhumana infidels, schismatics akhethwe emibonweni abantu abanayo kanye yezandla, okungase kukhawulwe isikophu omphakathi. Kwakumelwe imithetho ngempela esiqinile ukuthi ebekiwe ukugwema infidels, kokubili ezingeni yokuxhumana siqu futhi izimfanelo yasendlini.

inkolo yabo kubonakala amakhwelo, "ikhadi" egcwele ithoyizi ifomu Abashevskaya Deer okusezingeni eliphezulu njengoba izitezi ezulwini, izimpondo. Iningi izisusa ubumba imifanekiso yezilwane babe trifles, okuyinto kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ukuze lwamaSlav wabonakalisa izici ezihlukahlukene zokuphila:

• inyoni - kuba sikufisela inhlanhla, injabulo;
• ihhashi kwakufanekisela ilanga;
• Bear - amandla, amandla nezikhwepha
• kwemvu inkomo - uphawu wenzalo;
• Deer - ngokuchichimayo.

Abashevskaya ithoyizi (isithombe sibonisa) ngokuvamile eyenziwa amakhosi abantu, echaza isimo sengqondo kumbhali emhlabeni. Ngokwesibonelo, le ntokazi kwakufanekisela ezisemadolobheni amantombazane oyisiphukuphuku izigqoko ezihlekisayo, kanye isilinganiso iziphathimandla ngokuvamile kwenziwa njengendlela sibalo iphoyisa noma iphoyisa. Uma ababekuso ezandleni izinyoni, okwakusho ukuthi iziphathimandla bangamasela.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 Abashevskaya ithoyizi usuthandwa ukuze nemibukiso yayo yaqhutshelwa hhayi kuphela e Moscow kodwa futhi naseParis.

izici zayo Abashevo amathoyizi

A mkhakha okhethekile amathoyizi kusukela esigodini Abashevo ngokushesha ihlukanisa kubo kusukela inqwaba izinhlobo yezandla eyenziwe izingcweti zivela kwezinye izindawo. umzimba side nentamo uhlasela eside nge izilwane ezincane ikhanda babe owumthombo emhlabeni Yingakho amakhosi Larion Zotkina. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, isivele owakheke ngokugcwele njengoba ukuma nombala wazo ubumba dudochek ka Abashevo.

Nakuba zonke "Amaqhawe" Abashevo amakhosi ngempela liyabonakala, it has ezinye izici kumnandi:

• umzimba side izilwane uhlasela kukhona kancane kancane on the imilenze iDemo ububanzi ngaphandle;
• intamo obukhulu eside ukuqeda nge ikhanda elincane;
• kahle kakhulu ukusika by iso;
• ikhanda lezimbuzi, izinyamazane, izinkunzi nezinqama izici, izimpondo esikhulu ngokuvamile multi-tiered;
• imigqa ecacile esiphongweni, avuse futhi izindevu.

Ngesimo Abashevskaya ithoyizi njenge- imidwebo idwala, lapho abantu basendulo Namanje nje ukufunda Ihlanganisa emhlabeni ngokusebenzisa umdwebo. Animal izimpondo zenyamazane zifanekisela labo emthini wokuphila, futhi imisila yawo Uvula lapho ufuna podudet ukuba ithoyizi isiqalo ukuba 'akhulume. " Benkathi Ephakathi izigcawu Abasheva neze sculpted nokuphila, akazange anike yezandla zabo ukunyakaza. Bonke ngokuqinile "simi" on the imilenze, efanekisela nezimpande eziqinile nge Mother Earth.

Ngenxa yokuthi lolu hlobo Folk ubuciko bagxila kwenye indawo, wabeka isisekelo ukuvela amakhosi amakhosi.

Dynasty Abashevo amakhosi

Zotkin lwamakhosi, amakhosi lodumo iningi amathoyizi ubumba, waqala Akinfy Frolovich, owazalwa ngo-1883, futhi umfowabo Larion. abazukulu babo asaphila namuhla bese uqhubeke namasiko waboyisemkhulu.

It Larion Zotkin e 20-30s wanikeza "entsha" ukuphila Abashevo ithoyizi. Leli dolobhana ngisho iye ihlelwe zobumba inhlangano. Umsebenzi wakhe kwakheka isisekelo imisebenzi abalandeli bakhe. Abashevskaya ithoyizi (isithombe ikubonise) has Museum ayo, kodwa hhayi kuphela edolobhaneni ziphephile lwakubo usebenza Zotkin lwamakhosi. Ziyakwazi eminyuziyamu Penza, Sergiyev Posad futhi ezizimele.

Phakathi kwezinye amagama abadumile Zuzenkovyh lwamakhosi, Malyshev, Eskin, Nagaeva nabanye. Isizukulwane ngasinye esisha ulilethele umbono wakhe isithombe Abashevo amathoyizi.

Lungiselela ubumba

Ngaphambi ecabanga ukuthi abayizimpumputhe Abashevo ithoyizi kudinga ukubhekelwa ngokuthi ikhokhwe ukulungiswa ubumba ukusetshenziswa. Ekhulwini le-19 ngokuvamile kukhiqizwe amamaki edingekayo ubumba ahambisana ingozi empilweni. Wabhalwa ebusika nge isitokwe izinyanga.

Namuhla, ubumba kungenziwa othathwe inkwali, noma ukuthenga esitolo. Uma ubumba endaweni ukukhiqizwa yayo, ngaphandle zokwenziwa izithasiselo, kufanele pre-omisiwe. Ngemva kwalokho, ubumba kuyo ingumhlabathi, nokususa ukungcola, futhi buhlanjululwe ngamanzi endaweni isilinganiso 1/3.

Kubalulekile ukuthi mass etholwe ngaphandle izigaxa. impahla buhlanjululwe kufanele kwesokunxele isikhathi ukuze isihlabathi nezinye ukungcola axazulule phansi isitsha.

Ngakho ubumba ukuhlanzwa kudingeka ukushwaqa kancane ngaphambi ukuhlolwa ezingeni ngenxa ravioli, bese uxove ngokucophelela izandla, nokususa emoyeni ngokweqile. Ukuhlola ukulungela ubumba ukusebenza, usikisela roll "amasosishi" futhi goba kancane kule ukhamba. Uma engayikhokhi ukunikeza imifantu, ungaqala yokumodela.

Modeling Abashevo amathoyizi

Namuhla, enye yezindlela yentuthuko motor amakhono yezandla, umcabango nentshisakalo Folk yezandla ezinganeni nibafundise sculpt imifanekiso ngobumba nobumba. Kusukela izingane "pancake" elula kakhulu futhi eqondakalayo kanye "amasosishi" ezenziwe ngobumba, ungase ubatshengise indlela sculpt Abashevo ithoyizi izigaba:

• Clay wayixova iminwe yakhe ukuze zifudumale ezibonakalayo esinazo futhi senze ke kuyaqina.
• Ngesigaxa sobumba ukuthi unikezele a "amasosishi" nge awugqinsi, sengathi ukuphela isanqante.
• Le ngxenye mkhulu we faka blank phakathi lingakanani imikiswe block sokhuni izohamba zintula ngaphakathi amathoyizi kwadingeka kwezinhlelo impempe.
• Ingxenye engenhla ibha workpiece ubumba ukugoba - kuzoba entanyeni isilwane kuyiphi ukuphela encane olubunjiwe nomlomo.
• Esiqwini ukususa bar, imfashini imilenze encane obukhulu, futhi "umsila" ukudonsa amapayipi isetshenziswa.
• Yenza izimbobo ezinhlangothini umzimba ipayipi ikhwelo

Ungakwazi beka cutouts hhayi kuphela amehlo, kodwa futhi "uvolo", amatomu, enhlobonhlobo. Izingane ezindadlana ungakwazi sculpt izimpondo zabo, izingane kulula ukuqala nge izinja namakati, okuyinto abazijwayele. ithoyizi okunjalo kuyajabulisa ukwenza, hhayi nje kuphela umntwana. Abantu abaningi abadala sebeqala ukuba ahileleke ubuciko zobumba, uhlobo okuyinto Abashevskaya ithoyizi.

Labadubuli nokudweba

Ngemva umkhiqizo usuwomile, kumele kube ngaphansi calcination. Ezindala ukusetshenziselwa lokhu amaziko ekhethekile - round esithandweni izitini refractory. Usayizi ejwayelekile lezi amaziko kwaba 1.5 m ububanzi no-2 m ukuphakama, futhi kanye Abashevo cishe kuwo wonke egcekeni UQHUBEKELA nsuku washa izitsha noma amathoyizi eqinile futhi iqine.

Ukuze amathoyizi kungukuthi aqhephukile, shards yabo obkladyvali, futhi isitofu stoked ne-oak noma ukhuni birch. Ngemva kokudubula, esigabeni esilandelayo, elaliba Abashevskaya ithoyizi - umbala. It libhekene liyabonakala by zonke izinhlobo zobubi kepha Umdwebo - umkhiqizo osuphelile embozwe ungqimba esiqinile elikhanyayo ezinombala ofanayo imibala. Benkathi Ephakathi ekhulwini le-19 esetshenziswa glaze, kodwa kusukela kwakukhona uwoyela opende, lidlule kubo.

Isendlalelo camera lamafutha upende, loma izibalo ke zaveza izakhi ezincane esinyathelweni odlule camera nge ukuvenisha. Njengoba sekunama-koqweqwe lwawo isidingo varnishing wanyamalala.

Ngo yesimanje zobumba kuhhonela nqubo ngokushesha futhi nokuphepha enkulu imikhiqizo, futhi usebenzisa ubumba, wathenga ngo okukhethekile ezitolo, akukho lula kunaleyo ukuqonda indlela yokwenza Abashevo ithoyizi ngezandla zabo.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe Abashevo

Ngemizamo abathanda kanye abaculi ophilayo namuhla Abashevo, emzini owayeyinhloko Zotkin ahlelwe Museum amathoyizi ngebumba. Iqoqo lihlanganisa ayithemu efana amakhosi 19 - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, futhi labo abazikhiqizayo amathoyizi emapulazini, futhi kamuva futhi le mboni.

ukudoba Revival Abashevo

amathoyizi eziklanyelwe Abashevo imvuselelo Isikhwama enakekela ukuthi isiko ezindala waphila. Isisekelo ukhuthaza intsha ukuba nesithakazelo kulolu hlobo lobuciko, labavulekela emnyangweni omusha ku Spassky College - ". Zobumba Uchwepheshe"