"Farewell, ezingageziwe Russia ..." Lermontov, "Farewell, Russia ezingahlanjiwe": umlando wokudala, ukuhlaziywa inkondlo

Inkondlo "Farewell, ezingageziwe Russia ..." Lermontov wabhala ngonyaka bokugcina bokuphila kwakhe kwesikhathi aphazamisekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo bachuma ithalente etemibhalo. Lezi imigqa elula eziyisishiyagalombili neze ukudlula liyabonakala kakhulu phakathi amagugu ecebile kwezincwadi imbongi. Futhi ngisho ngomqondo othile okhethekile wobuhle noma ukuphelela ilunga inkondlo. Vele la mavesi amabili amashumi eminyaka kufakwe ohlelweni lwezifundo zesikole kanye ngekhanda isizukulwane esisha ngasinye abafundi ngekhanda.

Yini imbongi ayefuna ukusho lokhu enothini? Iziphi izimo ezamholela babhale inkondlo "Farewell, ezingageziwe Russia ..."? Ijule incazelo kufihlwe ngaphakathi, Uma unganakile, imigqa elula?

Mayelana nomlando

Ingaqondakali kahle noma yimuphi umsebenzi, uma sithathwa emongweni isizinda esingokomlando. Ikakhulukazi, le nkulumo isebenza izinkondlo. Phela, umkhiqizo uhlobo volumetric of inoveli noma indaba ivumela ukudweba lokhu ngemuva efanayo, esithinta nombono wethu nevesi iDemo uvame ukukhonza njengephayona uhlobo okubonakalisa imizwa kubangelwa ezungezile, futhi kudingeka kucaciswe.

Inkondlo "Farewell, ezingageziwe Russia ..." (Lermontov), okuzokwenza ukuhlaziywa, kuyinto eyabhalwa ngonyaka 1841. Ngalesi sikhathi, elula for isigamu sekhulu leminyaka empini eCaucasus kwaba ngawo ugcwaliseka ngokugcwele. Russia uye wafuna ungasinika izindawo ezisezintabeni nokuqinisa kweminyele kanye nenkululeko abathanda bezintaba konke okusemandleni ukuze alondoloze inkululeko yabo.

Nakuba ekuhumusheni isosha noma isikhulu esebenza eCaucasus wawuyingxenye lahlotshaniswa nokuba izixhumanisi ithikithi kwelinye direction. Ikakhulukazi lapho ngemva indoda uma elandela indlela efanele, ekhuthaza ukusetshenziswa onesibindi ngenhla ezishisayo amaphuzu izimpi.

ubuntu wombhali

Ngu 1841, Mihailu Yurevichu Lermontovu kakade lapho efinyelela iminyaka 26 (kuya usuku lwakhe, ayihlali ngalowo nyaka). Uvele usezibophezele bazizuzela idumela njengoba imbongi, kodwa ngenxa yalokho ayikho njengomuntu emphakathini akakuthandanga kuye. Futhi sengqondo, obhekwa njengomuntu, ke kwakumfanele kahle. Umlobi uyaqaphela wazama ukuthola ube nedumela lokuthi buffoon futhi a hala. Futhi amahlaya lakhe ibingamashumi caustic kakhudlwana futhi ngokugqamile ngaphandle nabanomusa. Tinkondlo Lermontov nezimfanelo zakhe siqu frequenter babange umsindo bakhiphe Interiors wokuziphilisa is yesiteleka kanjalo awuhambisani nomunye, abafundi abaningi wazizwa nakho, kubonakala izinkondlo, okuqinile umdlalo umcabango. amazwi kuphela esihle ngaphandle kokuthi yena sihlobene eduze kubo.

Nokho, ngokuvumelana abangane bakhe abambalwa, uMichael egqoka imaski ke abantu, kodwa iphepha wachitha iculo ezifihliwe bahlushwe callousness komphefumulo wonke.

Kodwa iqiniso lokuthi omunye owabhala "Farewell, ezingageziwe Russia ..." kwaba Patriot yangempela, akekho bangabaza. Ngiyakuthanda ngoba lokhokho wavezwa hhayi kuphela lezigqi sublime, kodwa futhi ezindabeni zezempi. Lapho kufika isikhathi sokuba iqhaza ubutha, Mikhail akanamahloni udumo Emkhayeni lasendulo zasebukhosini. Uzokwenza kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi umsebenzi wezempi is ngokuphelele isikhalazo uMichael. Waze ngilwa kanzima ukuba asule esikhundleni sakhe, ukuze bakwazi ukuzibandakanya emsebenzini etemibhalo ngaphandle iziphazamiso, kodwa akazange alinge ukudanisa akhuliswe ugogo wakhe, efuna ukubona kuphela umzukulu lempi yimpumelelo.

izimo zokuphila

Ngo-1837, i-inkondlo "Ukushona Poet" Lermontov walahlwa yicala futhi ithunyelwa isixhumanisi sokuqala eCaucasus. Ngenxa yesicelo se-ugogo Elizabeth Alekseevna Arsenyev, owayazana enkantolo, wahlala lapho isikhathi eside - ezimbalwa nje. Bese hlala kwaba imbongi kunalokho umcebo yokuvela ezimnandi, kunokuba ingozi yangempela.

Ekuqaleni kwawo-1840, Lermontov wangena Duel, okuyiwona kwaba utholakala enecala isixhumanisi wesibili yempi. Lesi sikhathi oda lasetshenziswa anawo Emperor of isidingo njalo alwa benecala Umugqa wokuqala kuhlasela.

Mayelana lezi zenzakalo futhi lalotshwa le nkondlo "Farewell, ezingageziwe Russia ...". Lermontov obonakaliswe salo sengqondo sokungafuni oda ke ekhona. Untshinga isifaniselo ngokugqamile, okuyinto eza ukufutheka engachazeki ngalowo wobaba yakhe ayithandayo uya nangobudlova, futhi bonke abantu slavishly isekela ukuhleleka.

Lokhu senkondlo, akungabazeki, kwalotshwa off cuff, kwelinye Shintshela ngokuwa. Kuyo walithululela lonke ulaka lwakhe kanye nesifiso siyekele yobuhlungu abenzi bokungabi nabulungisa. Wayenethemba lokuthi ukuthola induduzo ayekude nasekhaya, ku expanses enkulukazi eCaucasus.

Ngokwezwi nezwi igama elithi zonke ibinzana kula mavesi amabili aqukethe incazelo sina. Kufanele unikezwe kancane isikhathi ukuqonda ukuthi yini ukubaluleka yasetshenziswa Lermontov izithombe abantu ababehlala ekupheleni a olunesivunguvungu XIX leminyaka. Kuphela kuleli cala, amandla nobuhle, limbozwe lokhu enothini, uzovela ngaphambi kubo bonke ubuhle balo.

"Usale kahle"

Igama elithi "goodbye" omagazini bokuqala ethize akakubangeli. Umbhali ingena yempi, futhi ukwelashwa okunjalo kufaneleka lapha. Nokho, ngisho lokhu, Uma unganakile, kusobala futhi umqondo obungenakuphikwa amanga okungaphezu kwalokho. Eqinisweni, ngaphambi nje imbongi efuna hhayi ezweni lakubo abathandekayo, futhi ne-oda ekhona yezenhlalakahle uyamukeleka kuye.

Kuyinto isenzo, cishe asemngceleni yithemba. Eyisimanga emabeleni amagqubu imbongi lichitheke iDemo "Usale kahle." Nakuba wanqoba uhlelo, kodwa hhayi nodabukile emoyeni.

"Angawashiwe Russia"

Umbuzo wokuqala futhi ngempela esisemthethweni ephakama wonke umuntu, okungenani kancane ujwayelene imisebenzi Mikhail Yurevich, kuyinto okulandelayo: kungani imbongi lisebenzisa inkulumo ethi "Russia ezingahlanjiwe"? Lermontov ayicabangayo lapha akukhona ukungcola emzimbeni letinye takhamiti.

Okokuqala, amavesi Lermontov abonisa ukuthi ngaye ukubathobisa abantu abavamile Russian kwakumane engacabangeki. Uthando nenhlonipho ngoba bawo wonke umsebenzi wakhe. Poet inselele ngesibindi ukuphila kwamadoda asebukhosini, kodwa impilo abalimi elula bumunca njengoba organically njengoba ubuhle ezimangelengele imvelo Russian.

Okwesibili, ngokomlando, ukulandisa kuthi emakhulwini for eRussia iyinto enkulu ukulondoloza ukuhlanzeka. Emaphandleni abampofu kakhulu yayikhona okugeza, wageza abalimi kukhona okungenani kanye ngesonto. Yini angeke uthe mayelana "ukukhanyiselwa" Yurophu, lapho izintokazi elicwengekile ukugeza - esimweni engcono - kabili noma kathathu ngonyaka. Futhi Cavaliers yabo amalitha esetshenziswa amakha Cologne ukuze ababulale nephunga emizimbeni ezingcolile.

Ngakho, inkulumo ethi "Farewell, ezingageziwe Russia" Lermontov inkondlo ngokweBhayibheli nesiko langalesosikhathi kwaba ahlakaze ku nokucwala ezihloniphekayo, ngisho ngaphandle kokukhishwa, Simane sifisa ukuba sikwazi ukuveza kwenyanya yabo umthethosisekelo. Kwaba amazwi alimazayo, ngenhlanhla, ubengase ukucasula ke Russian.

"Izwe yezigqila"

Ngisho ukuhlaziya ngokudlulisa amehlo kule nkondlo "Farewell, ezingageziwe Russia ..." Asikho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi igama elithi "inceku" umbhali ngandlela-thile kusho serfs. Cha, lapha usho ukumlalela enze umsebenzi wobugqila ka ephezulu. On, eqinisweni, ngobukelemu ngamunye nabo ubuso esinamandla.

"I namanenekazi izwe"

Igama elithi "Nkosi" lapha uthela ngomqondo ecacile ezimbi. Kuyinto lifana welithi "omashiqela ngobala" - uqeda ngokubona lokhu kucekwa kwesizwe kuphela. I ukunganeliseki imbongi abasha ongakuqonda. Ngemva Duel, okuyiwona kwaba utholakala enecala, kwaba nje uyingane. Lapho Lermontov abaphikisi owayenguyise Initiator of duel ngokudubula, uphuthelwe, uMichael nje akhishwe isibhamu sakhe wadubula ohlangothini - wayengeke akwazi ukulimaza wabangela ukuba u-Ernest de Barentin.

Nokho, isijeziso kwakufanele ahlupheke ukukutshengisa uMichael, ngemva Ernest De Barante wayeyindodana inxusa isiFulentshi, futhi iqhaza lakhe kulesi sigameko ezingabukeki umane obugcwele up. Mhlawumbe yingakho le nkondlo "Farewell, ezingageziwe Russia ...", indaba yendalo Ihlobene ngokuseduze hhayi impela lokugwetshwa, is afuthwe ngesibulali nenzondo.

"Futhi wena, iyunifomu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ..."

Blue Guards eMbusweni Russian babe abamele gendarmerie, okuyinto ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu abavamile noma noma wezempi akakujabulelanga. Inkondlo "Farewell, ezingageziwe Russia ..." futhi ongenalo abadonse njengoba ibutho ezogada, kodwa njengoba abahleli yayikhona kobushiqela tsarist.

"Futhi, abantu bawo abaqotho"

Abantu, amaphoyisa omshoshaphansi abaqotho? Yebo akuzange kwenzeke! Lapha Lermontov alikhulumi kangaka ngabantu njengoba abantu, indlela mayelana isimiso sezombusazwe iyonke. Umbhali ukholelwa ukuthi iRussia abasasilele emuva amandla angomakhelwane enkulu eYurophu ngokuya ukuthuthukiswa apharathasi isimo. Futhi lesi simo kungenzeka kuphela ngoba isizwe sisonke ngaphandle isikhalazo isekela oda ekhona.

"Kungenzeka ukuthi udonga wafihla eCaucasus"

Isifiso ukubaleka yini nesincane zone combat kungenzeka kubonakale kunengqondo kakhulu. Nokho, Lermontov eCaucasus yayiyindawo ekhethekile ngempela. Ngokokuqala ngqá wahambela kuye lapho engufanayana omncane, kanye nemigqondo esigqamile saleli isikhathi, yathumba ngokuphila kwakhe.

Phakathi kubhekiselwa okokuqala Mikhail bahamba kakhulu ukudlula elwa. Wayewazisa imvelo ngokubabazekayo futhi wazizwa ekhululekile kakhulu kude ngokuxabana wokuziphilisa. Unalokho engqondweni Kulezi zimo, kuba lula ukuqonda isifiso imbongi ukuba ulifihle eCaucasus.

"... kusukela pashas yakho"

Kodwa igama elithi "Pashas" ubukeka kancane organically njengoba isicelo emagunyeni eMbusweni Russian. Kungani Lermontov isebenzisa isihloko izinduna yoMbuso WaseTurkey ukuchaza Amaphoyisa Russian?

Ezinye kumagama efakwa esikhundleni igama elithi "Amakhosi" noma "abaholi". Nokho, kunzima ukwamukela ukuthi lezi ongakhetha ekuqaleni esasisetshenziselwa Lermontov. "Farewell, Russia ezingahlanjiwe ..." - ivesi lapho umlobi umelana ngeluhlelo lolutsite ekhona lapho inkosi, wadlala indima ebalulekile. Kodwa inkosi, njengoba umholi, ingaba yinye kuphela. Ukusetshenziswa amagama anjalo lisebuningini kulokhu bekuyovela okungalungile.

Abantu besikhathi Lermontov sika ezifana umusho obungenza nangokunembile rezanulo ukuzwa. Cabanga ukuthi ummemezeli wezindaba uthi into enjengokuthi: "Futhi manje uMengameli wethu ...". Into efana inkulumo ethi "yokuphunyuka amakhosi" izwakale abafundi ekhulwini XIX.

Ngokwezwi nezwi, kuwo wonke umlando abaseTurkey abantu Russian babeyizitha ezibabayo. Futhi kuze kube manje, ukuhlonza lokhu kazwelonke osebenza ngoba izidlaliso okuhlaselayo. Inkondlo "Farewell, ezingageziwe Russia ..." kwalotshwa ngesikhathi lapho Turkey emphakathini Russian ngokuqinile elihlobene ne isimo ngendlela elukhuni autocratic. Ngakho-ke, abameleli Amaphoyisa elite ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi pashas, ukugcizelela isimo sengqondo kubo abantu abavamile. Ngokusobala, nanti iphuzu e nokutshala izimali imbongi omkhulu Russian e inkondlo yakhe.

"Zonke abone" futhi 'Bezwa'

Ngeshwa Mikhail Lermontov Duel Ernest de Barant egqoka Yiqiniso, ngokuphelele yangasese. I ukuxabana phakathi intsha esenzeka emzini Countess ezithile uLaval, okwakunginika ibhola. Wona duel okwenzeka ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbili kuzo zonke imithetho engabhaliwe - endaweni esekusithekeni ebukhoneni imizuzwana nhlangothi zombili.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi akukho nemiphumela ebuhlungu yale Ukungqubuzana babengenalo esingaphansi kwamasonto amathathu, Lermontov waboshwa. Umuzwa wecala ukuthi icala isihloko ku "misprision". Noma yesibili, noma isitha sakhe ukuphendula babe akukuningi yini okuhilelekile.

Isizathu sokuba kuqale uphenyo aluzange iyiphi ekubalahleni obuphathekayo omunye wabahlanganyeli oqondile, namahemuhemu duel ukuthi sandile phakathi izikhulu ezincane. Ngakho-ke, imbongi kanye osebenza lo epithet "abone konke" futhi 'Bezwa', echaza umsebenzi wamaphoyisa omshoshaphansi.

Nokho, ezinye version of the inkondlo "Farewell, ezingageziwe Russia ..." ukunikeza ukufundwa akuhambisani okuphambene zokugcina imigqa emibili. Kuzo umbhali ekhononda "iso angaboni" futhi "zokuzwa cha," ekhuluma ubumpumputhe nokukhetha wobulungisa.

Nokho, lo mbono unalo ilungelo lokuthatha khona. ukuhlukahluka Nokho, lapho abaningi kangaka? Ekugcineni, le nkondlo Lermontov - akuyona umkhiqizo eyinkulungwane edlule, ukuthi abavubukuli ukubuyisela imvuthu. Futhi ngesikhathi ubhala le nkondlo umbhali kwaba kakade owaziwa endalweni yakhe kule ngokuphazima kweso niphihlizwe phakathi nezazi, ngaleyo ndlela ekushiyeni umzila emashumini noma emakhulwini amakhophi. Lezi ukungafani baye kwaholela abaningi ukuba baqale ukungabaza ngisho ukuthi leli vesi wake wabhala Lermontov. "Farewell, ezingageziwe Russia ... 'wahlupheka nezindleko kuhlasela baxgeki.

Ukungabaza ubuqambi

I-agumenti main, okuholela sokungabaza ukuthi nombhali wale nkondlo le Mikhail Lermontov - yisikhathi lokushicilelwa umsebenzi. Njengoba ukufa imbongi ephethwe ukuya cishe isigamu sekhulu leminyaka - engu-46. Ikhophi bokuqala wesandla esekhona sihlehlela kusukela ekuqaleni uhlu 70-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule. Lokhu kusho igebe phakathi namashumi eminyaka angemva ezintathu phakathi ukulotshwa yasekuqaleni futhi ikhophi.

Akulona emfushane olulodwa noma okusalungiswa, wenza esandleni Mikhail Yurevich, futhi alikho. Nokho, Bartne (mlando, ngubani uye wasembulela ukukhanya ngaphambilini inkondlo ongaziwa) e izincwadi siqu libhekisela khona eyayilotshwe ipeni Lermontov, kodwa ngaphandle kwakhe ngalo kulombhalo ngoba amaphuzu akakho owake wabona.

odidayo nakakhulu phakathi inkondlo tetemibhalo "Farewell, Russia ezingahlanjiwe ..." uhlamvu zalo. Uhlaziyo ubuhlobo komlobi idedela ezweni labo akashiyi kungabaza hhayi kuphela e nokudumazeka, zize ngisho, ngandlela-thile, e ukungalihloniphi izwe, elalikade Lermontov neze kubonakala khona.

Nokho, eziningi abathandi ayeke ukunisa ka vulamehlo umbukwane, kuyafaneleka ukuthi bakhe "Farewell!" Odumile Lermontov Ufaka akuyona lokhokho, kanye abangaphelele isimo kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita. Futhi wonke umuntu uyavuma kanye biography kwezincwadi imbongi.

Enye impikiswano esetshenziswa baxgeki - a Luhlatiyo izinkondlo ezimbili: "Ezweni" kanye "Farewell, Russia ezingahlanjiwe ...". Kusolakala eyabhalwa umehluko kwezinyanga ezimbalwa. Nokho, omunye benamandla ngoba ahlonipha lawobaba, kanti eyesibili egcwele engathandeki ukuba okufanayo Motherland epithets.

Kungaba ngakho kakhulu ukushintsha isimo imbongi? Futhi akunjalo? Amanothi wedwa ukufutheka umuntu azalwa nalo lokuhlaziya kakhulu Lermontov isebenza. Bamane nje uzwakalise bazwakale, sithola evesini "Farewell, Russia ezingahlanjiwe ...". Akukho wokungayifuni izwe lazo lendabuko, lapho baxgeki ozama kanzima ukuze ucacise. Kukhona ubuhlungu imbongi ungathanda ukubona ezweni labo elichumayo futhi lesichubekako, kodwa uphoqelekile ukuba bakwemukele yokuthi lezi nezifiso yakhinyabezeka umbuso okhona.

Kodwa, ekugcineni, bonke uyazinqumela, kulokho akukholelwayo. ukungqubuzana okwanele phezu eyodwa futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi. Futhi noma ubani kwaba nombhali wale nkondlo empeleni lusekelwe ngokuqinile izincwadi Russian futhi nakanjani ongamtshela okuningi ngesimo owandile phakathi nekhulu XIX.

Futhi kubalandeli of Mihaila Yurevicha Lermontova usebenza ngempela umbhali zazo, akungabazeki, kuyinto imbongi. By the way, lowo ngesikhathi sokuphila lakhe lathiwa owalandela Pushkin! ifa lakhe tetemibhalo, akungabazeki, ingafaniswa a kusakazeka amagugu endaweni yengcebo kwezincwadi Russian.