Ezivelele Battle of Grengam isiqhingi

Kuwo wonke umlando walo umbuso Russian zazifuna ukuthola ukufinyelela oLwandle iBaltic , futhi ngenxa yalokhu, hhayi nje wangena impi uthi angomakhelwane. Ngekhulu le-18 kwaba okufanayo.

Northern impi Omkhulu

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18, uMbuso Russian ilwa Sweden (usuku Elikhulu Northern neMpi: . 02/22/1700 - 10/09/1721 GG). Ilindele ekupheleni kwempi, ngemva grand Ukunqoba kokuqala asolwandle Battle of Russia Gangut, i-British kwaqina amandla abo futhi Ukuhileleka sibhekiswe rapprochement nge abaseSweden. IsiZulu umbimbi asolwandle ne Sweden impendulo ukwandisa ngoxhaxha Russian.

Abahlanganyeli empini

I Northern neMpi Russia neqembu sokusebenzisana ne Poland, Denmark nase Saxony ngokumelene Sweden (obheke enyakatho) kanye uMbuso WaseTurkey (eningizimu), okuyinto phakathi nempi wajoyina eNgilandi imikhumbi yakhe. umlawuli Russian oyinhloko nguPetru, ojenene ngubani ephethwe ngosuku lwempi yonke indawo - Galitzine, Sheremetev futhi Apraksin. Kusukela umbimbi - Agasti II, mina Georg Fridrih Vilgelm. Bakhandwa umelana IsiSwidi King Karl XII kanye WaseTurkey Sultan Ahmed III.

Izazimlando zinika ukuhlolwa okuxubile zama iqhaza Northern neMpi Ukrainian Cossacks njengoba Cossacks lokuqala eholwa Ivanom Mazepoy babe ohlangothini uPetru, futhi ngemva Karl XII uthembise ukukhulula izwe Ukrainian, waya kulo abaseSweden.

Eyokuqala ukunqoba kolwandle

Ehlobo lika-1714 ngoxhaxha Russian iphethwe avant-garde, eyayiphansi umyalo sikaPeter Omkhulu, yanqoba ngoxhaxha Swedish eCape Hanko. izinduna Russian ukuthatha umzuzwana lapho abaseSweden baphoqeleka ukuba uhlukanise imikhumbi yakhe ngezindlela ezimbili. Ngenxa yalokho, amabutho Russian wavinjwa imikhumbi Swedish engemuva Admiral Erenshelda. Enqaba ukuba lidele, uPetru ngaphakathi landelana fudumeza.

Winning Gangut kungaqedwa inganekwane ayenganqobeki abaseSweden, futhi kwasho ukuqala uchungechunge izimpi lempi yimpumelelo. Julayi 27, 1714 - usuku Elikhulu Northern neMpi, ukuze anqume inkambo yayo okunye, futhi uyoqinisa isikhundla eFinland.

kokuhlanganiswa Imiphumela

Ngemva kweminyaka eyisithupha ngoxhaxha Russian wakwazi ukuphinda aqondisa yakhe ekhaliphile lezindiza ku 1714. Ekupheleni kuka-July 1720 ngokulandelana sikaPeter Commander Omkhulu we-Russian Navy Jikelele Golitsyn imikhumbi eziphambili ngokumelene Swedish amaphini Umkhuzi Sheblata, owayala a isigaba. Russian ukugwedla imikhumbi bahlangana Gulf of Bothnia, nge emikhunjini ezingaphezu kuka-50 futhi kancane ngaphezu izikebhe kweshumi. Ngokuvamile, le mikhumbi Russian ziye ahlome wamashumi omahlanu izibhamu ezimbili kanye ngamasotsha ayizinkulungwane nanye ilungela ukulwa kokubili emanzini nasenhlabathini umhlaba.

Naphezu ukuphakama kwamanani imikhumbi Swedish (kodwa amabutho sisemoyeni yayimane nje abangaba yinkulungwane), Jikelele Golitsyn indawo eyinhloko strait Flisesund esingaweleki baqashwe. Imikhumbi Russian itholakala a umkhumbi, Ukulungele ukuhlangabeza iKosi imikhumbi isitha. amabutho Kancane ngaphambili Russian njengoba lolo wadedelwa olwandle oluvulekile. UNkulunkulu uvikela baphuthuma lamabutho futhi unyendle. frigates ababili, ehilelekile ekuphishekeleni, wacwila ngenkathi kuvinjelwa ukunyakaza obengeziwe frigates ezimbili kanye umkhumbi Swedish komugqa. Russian ukugwedla emikhunjini kwakuyiziboshwa kakhulu ezikwazi wadlula kalula angajulile, ukuchaza okwengeziwe ukulingana kwamandla ngesikhathi lapho kwakukhona impi asolwandle e Grengam isiqhingi.

Phakathi nempi, le paratroopers Russian sagibela frigates ezine nje. okuhlaselayo okunjalo asebenzayo futhi ezingalindelekile zihambisana IsiSwidi indiza lasolwandle. Kulinganiselwa jikelele, umonakalo zaba engaphezu kwekhulu abaseSweden abulala amasosha amane bathunjwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo impi off esiqhingini Grengam amangalelwe 82 izimpilo phakathi kwamasosha isiRashiya, abantu abangamakhulu amabili abekade siboshwa Swedish.

Imiphumela neMpi Northern nokusayinwa iSivumelwano Nystad

Julayi 27, 1720 Russian-Swedish impi lezindiza ku Grengam siqhingi saba umlando lempi njengoba impi, ukusheshisa isiphelo sesimiso iSivumelwano Nystad, uqede neMpi Northern. A isivumelwano sokuthula uqede eside Northern neMpi nge yi emihle Empire Russian nemibi Sweden.

Ngokusho isivumelwano, Russia sidluliselwe "yifa elingunaphakade" weRiphabhulikhi Karelia, ngasogwini lolwandle kusukela Vyborg ukuba Riga, okungukuthi, lonke eGulf of Finland, futhi izwe lithole ukufinyelela athandwayo noLwandle iBaltic. Sweden, iRussia yayinabantu ukubuyela Finland futhi ukukhokha izikweletu zomphakathi inani ruble abangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili. Ngemva isiphelo sesimiso inkontileka Nishtadt e 1721. Sweden balahlekelwa amandla yayo yangaphambili. Ngo 1723 Sweden waqala rapprochement ne Russia ethembeni sokubuyisa ogwini aseBaltic, benza imihlatshelo nimunye England.

ERussia, esiphelweni sesimiso emhlabeni agubha kukhululwe indondo esiyisikhumbuzo nezemikhosi ocebile. Le mpi off esiqhingini Grengam alethwe amandla ibutho Russian futhi lasolwandle ezingeni elisha, futhi abahlanganyeli izimpi kwanikezelwa zegolide nezesiliva izindondo. Nishtadt kwesivumelwano mutual yibhange ushwele zonke kodwa Cossacks, owayekhaphele uPetru futhi emiswa Karl. Kwakukhona ngisho kwaphakamisa umbuzo wenkolo, njengoba ezindaweni wangaphambili yaseSweden, sawela Russia, owethulwa nenkululeko yenkolo.