Esigaba - kuyinto imigqa eminingi kanjani? Uyini esigaba enkondlweni?

Igama elithi "vesi inkulumo ethi" livela egameni lesiGreki elisho ukuthi "ujike", "ukuphotha". Lokhu inhlanganisela emavesini amaningi (ivesi imigqa) okwenza ubumbano semantic, syntactic kanye onesigqi. "Ivesi - kuyinto imigqa eminingi kangaka?" - You buza. Impendulo. Ukwakheka kwalo elakhiwa kusukela amavesi 2 kuya ku-14. Amagama mavesi (eziyisisekelo), sizobe ukwethula kuwe manje.

couplet

Indlela elula wabo kuyinto couplet (ngamanye amagama - EZIKUDE). Lolu hlobo lwe-vesi esetshenziswa kuqhathaniswa akuvamile kuleli izinkondlo kazwelonke. Isetshenziselwa, isibonelo, M. Yu. Lermontov e inkondlo yakhe "Sea Princess".

tercet

Ehlanganisa obuthathu vesi esigaba ngokuthi ezintathu (uma kungenjalo - Terzetto). Lolu hlobo libuye kuyaqabukela esetshenziswa izimbongi Russian. Okuningi kaningi ke tercets kufakwe neminye, mavesi emikhulu. Zilotshiwe, isibonelo, inkondlo "Ingoma isihogo" Blok.

quatrain

Ethandwa kakhulu kuzo zonke ezinye izinhlobo vesi kusuka lwasekhaya izimbongi quatrain (ngamanye amagama - the quatrain). Itholakala inhlanganisela mavesi amane ikuvumela ukuba uthole ezihlukahlukene Amazing intonations, isigqi. quatrain ezahlukene-syntax nezimo. Kungase kwezinye izimo zifakwe nezinye, izinhlobo enkulu mavesi. Njengoba indima Ngokwesibonelo Onegin futhi Sonnet. Ngo quatrain ahlukahlukene osetshenziswayo izindlela imvumelwano, kodwa ezivame kakhulu okuthiwa cross-imvumelwano (scheme Abab eyakhelwe). Isb, kuba inkondlo , "Dream" M. Yu Lermontova lapho umugqa wokuqala emilolotelweni lesitsatfu kanye yokugcina -. Kwi lesine. Izibonelo eziningi.

Musa ukudida amagama amabili afanayo - "string" futhi "vesi inkulumo ethi". Zombili imiqondo le bahlanganiswe yokuthi ziqukethe amavesi. Nokho, 4 ivesi, ingase ihlanganise quatrain ngemsebenti lobhalwako kuphela, distihom, njll A imigqa Tercet 4 akha vesi -. Ingabe njalo quatrain.

mavesi

Mavesi kukhona uhlobo olukhethekile vesi, okuyinto sihlanganisa imigqa emine. Ake sicabangele ke kabanzi. Ngo izinkondlo Russian yakhiwa etinkondlweni letine letifundziwe eyabhalwa tetrameter iambic, ivesi, esebenzisa cross-imvumelwano (Abab uhlelo eyakhelwe). Ngaphezu kwalezi zici esisemthethweni, sihluke ngamunye quatrains futhi ukuphelela semantic. Imisebenzi yesiteleka kakhulu mavesi abhalwe izincwadi yasekhaya eyakhe A. S. Pushkinu. Ngo izinkondlo zakhe, leli vesi ivela isikhathi esingaphezu kwesisodwa. Izibonelo: "Mina izule ...", "mavesi," "Ngo ekujuleni imikhando laseSiberia".

Kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa kwezinye izinhlobo mavesi, kunalokho kuyaqabukela esetshenziswa izinkondlo isiRashiya, Sonnet, enothini, kanye uhlobo olukhethekile adalwe Pushkin - esigaba Onegin.

Sonnet

Sonnet kubhekwa ikakhulu njengendlela izinhlobo lyric. Nokho, kusukela iphuzu esisemthethweni buka, lokhu esigaba. Sonnet kuhlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili. Okokuqala liqukethe quatrains ezimbili (ie quatrains), kanti eyesibili iqukethe ezimbili TERCET (ie, ezintathu-line).

Sonnet njengoba ivesi - kuyinto imigqa eminingi kanjani? Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, kungenzeka ukubala elicacisiwe izingxenye ingxenye thina afingqa izinombolo ewumphumela. Ungenza ngokwakho bese uhlole umphumela. Bekufanele ncamashi 14 imigqa. Esikhathini sonnets imitha kuyinto pentameter iambic (kuyaqabukela esetshenziswa shestistopny). Ngisho classical elula samuntu imvumelwano isikimu zingahluka uma ngabe izimfanelo ezilandelayo: Kuyakuba nawe usebenzise quatrains e imvumelwano ezimbili ravnozvuchnye ukuba ezintathu kumele kusetshenziswe amabili (noma ngaphezulu akuvamile, ezintathu), okuyinto azisafani elisetshenziswa quatrains. Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Pushkinym sidalwe ezintathu Sonnet odumile othi, "Madonna", "Ngakho-ke", "Dante Harsh edelelekile Sonnet ...".

esigaba Onegin

esigaba Onegin Aleksandrom Sergeevichem yethulwa izincwadi ngqo noveli enesihloko esithi "Eugene Onegin". Njengoba ungase ukuqagela, igama ke sivela lo msebenzi. It kulingana block Umdwebo olandelako: AbAbCCddEffEgg. Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, "bangaki imigqa Onegin esigaba?" okwabangelwa ubala izakhi kulesi sifunda. Kukhona 14. kuphela Kulesi uhlelo, okhethwe ufeleba isigatshana zesifazane (ekugcineni), futhi amadoda kuboniswe ezincane. Kuwo wonke umbhalo, "Evgeniya Onegina", lesi sakhiwo inakekelwa, ngaphezu izincwadi Tatiana (Isahluko sesithathu), Onegin (lesishiyagalombili) kanye "Izingoma abesifazane" (Isahluko sesithathu).

enothini

Izimpendulo zale mibuzo: "enothini njengoba ivesi - yindlela abantu ababona ngayo imigqa?" Siqukethe mavesi ayisishiyagalombili, njengoba ungase ukuqagela kusuka egameni. "Octave" ngesiLatini kusho 'yesishiyagalombili ". Imigqa zezinkondlo ahambisana ngendlela elandelayo: abababcc. Kumelwe kuyinto alternation lekhontile owesilisa nowesifazane. Kukuyiphi yemisebenzi odumile wenkondlo Russian ukudla leli vesi? Isibonelo enothini - kuyinto "INdlu e Kolomna", inkondlo by Pushkin.

Yiziphi izinhlobo division of mavesi?

Ukuhlukaniswa mavesi ngokuvamile kwenzeka olusekelwe imilolotelo kwakwakhe ke. Nokho, kokubili e-West futhi izinkondlo kazwelonke akunakwa eside njengoba inhlanganisela rhymed ngamavesi unrhymed. Kumelwe kubhekwe, ephendula umbuzo othi "Yini i-esigaba enkondlweni?". Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kungenzeka futhi uzilungiselele zinhlobo strophic ngokwethula elongate namavesi mfushane. Ngokuvamile kufakwe emavesini amaningi ubude alinganayo, umuntu emifushane (okuyinto kwenzeka kaningi) noma ngaphezulu (okwenzeka akuvamile). Ngaphezu kwalokho, baningi abantu namuhla wathola kushintshana ngokuvumelana nezimiso ezithile imigqa vesi, ngokuvamile rhymed, engalingani.

It nanela ukuthi zonke izimiso design zingahlanganiswa nomunye, amavesi sebuningini futhi evumela Ukubuyelela kabili nge kwalokho nge ezengeziwe 'isibuko' (ukuhlanekezela) isikhundla isici kulo.

Izici ingoma izinhlobo

Ngo ukwakheka indima ekhethekile ye eziphindaphindiwe esigaba angase adlale ezihlukahlukene amayunithi oluyinhlanganisela. Lena ejwayelekile ikakhulukazi ingoma uhlobo. Kufanele kuqashelwe lapha uphinda ekhona ngaphakathi ivesi elilodwa (isibonelo, ukuphindaphinda of ivesi lokugcina kuqala ukudala i ukwakhiwa annular). Ngo izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene engoma ngokuvamile atholakala self esigaba (ebizwa ngokuthi "uyeke"), okuyinto okuphindaphindiwe ngaphandle izinguquko ngemva nomunye kule nkondlo bese inika eside ezimbili kabusha kwengoma.

Ngu definition mavesi njengokungathi isici saziso kuthathwa njengesibikezelo esiyiso kuyaphindeka njalo. Kodwa kukhona ivesi izinhlobo, lapho ukuphindaphinda kukhawulwe kuphela by Isifaniso, ucishe eziphathekayo, okuyinto kwezinye izimo ehluke kakhulu, esaziwa lolu hlobo abayekethisayo umsebenzi oluyinhlanganisela.

Ezinye izinhlobo amafomu okuqinile emhlabeni zezinkondlo mavesi

Inani elikhulu lwezinhlobo ezahlukene esiqinile mavesi yazuza izinkondlo emhlabeni. Endulo, isibonelo, sithola ingcebo yohlobo lwazo. Babehlale athuthukile kamuva isosha esihlatshelelwayo nezinye izizwe zaseYurophu. Lokhu amavesi zinhlobo ezifana distich elegiac, goratsieva noma alkeeva, ivesi, sapphic ezinkulu kanye nezincane, asklepiadova enikeziwe izinhlobo eziningana, kanye nabanye. Ngokuphindaphindiwe ukudlala iningi lazo kuleli versification kazwelonke, ngokuvamile olungalungile. Ngalo mqondo, indima ezincane kakhulu kudlalwa izinkondlo Russian empumalanga. Kusukela ke kuye kwazanywa muva ukudweba izinhlobo eziningana (quatrain Persian Insephe). I amagugu ecebile we Latins izinkondlo Russian imelelwa ezinye "amafomu okuqinile", ezifana Rondo, Sonnet, enothini, Sestina, Triolet, terza Rima, nabanye.

Alexandria izinkondlo Russian

Kufanele Alexandria okuyinto lizimelele izincwadi Soviet kuphawulwe. It sathathwa baseFrance baba ku izinkondlo Russian ifomu ngekhulu le-18 kuphoqelekile le nkondlo zobuqhawe nhlekelele classical. Siqukethe couplets emelelwa tsezurovannym shestistopnym pentameter, lapho kukhona namabhuzu imvumelwano yanjalo insikazi, iduna. Ezinye nezinye izinhlobo couplets ngokuvamile lisetshenziselwa uhlobo "Romance", kanye imibhalo eqoshiwe, epigrams, njll Isibonelo - .. "The Black itshali" Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina.

Sesihlole ezinye izinhlobo mavesi. Eqinisweni, kukhona impela eningi kubo. Kodwa-ke ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa izincwadi Russian. Kunengqondo ukuthi ezimweni eziningi ukuhlaziya izinkondlo lolu lwazi kwanele. Manje uyazi ukuthi ivesi enkondlweni. Sithemba ukuthi uzokwazi ukubona izinhlobo ezinkulu-ke. Impendulo yombuzo "Ivesi - kuyinto imigqa eminingi kangaka?" ingatholakala lo mbhalo.