Constructivism bokwakha

Constructivism ngokuthi avant-garde Amathrendi bokwakha, yobuciko neyezandla ezobuciko kanye izithombe. Lesi sitayela lakhiwe esikhathini kusuka 1920 kuya ekuqaleni eshumini leminyaka elizayo.

izici esivelele constructivism - okukhulu, bobunjwa laconic, geometrizm futhi ukubukeka Monolithic. Constructivists ngisho wadala inhlangano yayo yokudala olusemthethweni futhi ithuthukiswe yabo obusebenzayo design indlela. Indlela esekelwe ukuhlaziya yesayensi ukusebenza izakhiwo, izakhiwo kanye izakhiwo. Constructivism bokwakha ezigcinwe izikhumbuzo zalo ejwayelekile - emakhishini commercial, izigodlo zomsebenzi, amakilabhu etisebenti, komasipala, amakhaya ezakhiwa ngalezo zinsuku.

Labo ukubukeka okudala ukuthi ukuhlanganisa nombono wokuthi "constructivism", ehlanganiswe hhayi kuphela bokwakha, kodwa nakwezinye zokukhulekela womuntu, isibonelo, izincwadi.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kule ndawo kubhekwa lomkhuba Soviet, njenganoma iyiphi enye ngoba akufanele kwaphelela emazweni ayeyingxenye ye-USSR. Mhlawumbe kwabanye kuzoba izindaba, kodwa kuzalwa isitayela constructivism bokwakha futhi Eiffel Tower, elihlanganisa zombili lezi zici constructivist futhi modernist.

ukugeleza okunjalo kuvela search okuqhubekayo into entsha. Izinto langaleso sikhathi babenikela ukwenqaba "art ngenxa art sika", futhi wayekholelwa ukuthi kufanele esikhiqiza. Baleli umbono ngokuthi abaculi kanye abaklami ukudala izinto ewusizo kuphela, ngaleyo ndlela linikeze ukuphila ezinhle emadolobheni ukhululekile. Igama elithi "constructivism" walethwa Russian ulimi theorists ka "ukukhiqizwa art", isizathu esiyinhloko kwaba ukusetshenziswa njalo e amapheshana nezikhangiso izinkulumo abaklami elithi "ezakhayo", "umklamo", "umklamo".

Izakhiwo Constructivism, kanye nanoma yimuphi omunye isiqondiso, has nabameleli bayo bhá. It abazalwane leonid, Victor no-Aleksandru Vesnin, abaqaphela sobuhle bayo yangaba yinkimbinkimbi lokhu mkhuba, ochwepheshe kakade e yezakhiwo, imidwebo kanye nomklamo izincwadi. Abazalwane iphrojekthi elavelela mncintiswano Labor Palace wokwakha e edolobheni laseMoscow. uhlelo Rational elihambisana ebusweni elingaphandle aesthetics zanamuhla, ukusetshenziswa ukwakhiwa kanye zokwakha zakamuva - konke lokhu kwaba umfutho isiqondiso ukuthuthukiswa "constructivism".

Architecture - Umqondo kunzima kakhulu, futhi esigabeni esilandelayo ukuze uthole Vesnin Kwakuthé more xaka odlule. Ngakho, babefanele ukuklama isakhiwo we iphephandaba "Leningradskaya Pravda" esiqeshini ezincane komhlaba. I abazalwane bamise uMnyango elincane esakhiweni eziyisithupha storey, kodwa kwakungekho konke: namahhovisi, kanye egumbini yokuhlela, futhi newsstand kanye yokwamukela izivakashi, kanye Room encane, ngoba ikhono iqembu isikhala edingeka kakhulu entweni eyodwa - umsebenzi oyinhloko we Constructivists.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, constructivism bokwakha beyiba indlela yayo sokusebenza. Ngokusho Constructivists, umsebenzi ngamunye oluhambisana isakhiwo okunengqondo kakhulu.

Kwake kwaba nesikhathi lapho emthethweni bagxekwa ukulwela ilungelo lokusebenzisa amafomu bendabuko, kamuva ukuthi akuvumelekile. ESoviet Union kwaba umzabalazo esebenzayo ngokumelene wobunxiwankulu icala kanye engele kwesokudla. Lapho Constructivists babe namahloni, abanye abaklami ungikhohliwe, futhi abanye - lokuzivumelanisa nokushintsha. Ezinye izazi-Soviet baphikisa ngokuthi "postconstructivism" woza ngesikhathi shift.

Constructivism bokwakha waphinde wavula uqobo wazizwa ku 60s, lapho umzabalazo ne "extravagances yezakhiwo", futhi ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, abanye umqondo ehlukene nemizimba 20 sika ibe ngokoqobo. Namuhla-ke iphelile ubonakala nakakhulu e izakhiwo emadolobheni amakhulu.