UJan van Eyck "Arnolfini Portrait"

"I Arnolfini Portrait" - umdwebo ethakazelisa kakhulu. Kusukela imidwebo nesincane wenza ibhulashi uJan van Eyck, ungafunda izinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo. Lokhu umdwebi abakwazanga ukuheha hhayi kuphela ikhono lomculi, kodwa futhi owayeyisazi sefilosofi wayecabangisisa.

"I Arnolfini Portrait" kubhekwa omunye imisebenzi enzima kakhulu okwethulwa Umdwebo we Northern Renaissance lesikole entshonalanga. Kukhona okuningi imfihlakalo kulesitfombe. Sethula kini umsebenzi "Arnolfini Portrait" van Eyck sika. Incazelo ke uzothola kulesi sihloko. Kodwa okokuqala a amazwi ambalwa mayelana umculi owadala Kulokhu.

Okuncane uJan van Eike

Igama lakhe uJan van Eyck (iminyaka yokuphila - 1385 (mhlawumbe) - 1441). Lokhu umdwebi ziyinkathi asekuqaleni Renaissance. UJan van Eyck - inkosi portraiture, kuqede izingoma 100 ehlukile ngezihloko zenkolo. Kwakungesinye abaculi wokuqala owasebenzisa upende uwoyela. Ngezansi isithombe ongaziwa. Kwakulotshiwe-1433. Kucatshangwa ukuthi lokhu kuyinto self-portrait. Umdwebo kokugciniwe ku-National Gallery yaseLondon.

Asazi ngokuthé ngqo usuku yokuzalwa uJan van Eyck. Kuyaziwa ukuthi wazalwa edolobheni Maaseik, eNorthern Netherlands. Watadisha esikhathini esizayo master Hubert, umfowabo omdala, naye wasebenza kuze 1426 ndawonye. umsebenzi lwakhe lwaluqala ngo-inkantolo e-The Hague amagrafu. Kusukela 1425 uJan van Eyck kuyinto courtier kanye umdwebi uPhilip III Ezinhle, inkosana Burgundy. Wayeqaphela ithalenta umculi kanye nomsebenzi wakhe ikhokhwe ngesandla esivulekile.

Kukholakala ukuthi van Eyck yasungulwa uwoyela upende, nakuba kuphela ngcono kubo. Nokho, amafutha kwalokho beqashelwa jikelele, futhi le ndlela isibe lukaKhisimusi eNetherlands. Weza out eFrance naseJalimane, bese-Italy.

Manje ake ubuyele mdwebo "The Arnolfini Portrait" umculi okhazinyulisiwe futhi Zisabangela lwendaba. Manje, kanye portrait okungaziwa, eLondon, e-National Gallery.

Igama mdwebo

Igama lalo ekuqaleni akwaziwa, kodwa Ngemva kweminyaka engaba yikhulu, safunda ke sibonga ibhuku elilodwa yokusungula. Kwezwakala kanje: "A portrait esikhulu Hernoult le Fin egumbini nomkakhe." Kuyaziwa ukuthi Hernoult le Fin eyaziwa - ifomu French Arnolfini igama (Italy). abezindaba Ezazimzungezile - umkhaya bebhange esikhulu umthengisi ', eyayintula legatsha e Bruges ngaleso sikhathi.

Ubani kufanekiswe esithombeni?

Kukholakala isikhathi eside ukuthi on ngendwangu okubonisa Giovanni Arolfini nomkakhe ngegama Giovanna Chenami. Nokho, kwatholakala ngo 1997 ukuthi lo mbhangqwana kuphela 1447 wangena emshadweni, okungukuthi, iminyaka engu-13 ngemva isithombe ubonakele, eminyakeni 6 emva lomdwebi ukufa van Eyck.

Kukholakala namuhla ukuthi lesi sithombe kuvezwa Arnolfini nomkakhe wangaphambili, noma umzala wakhe nomkakhe. lo mzalwane khona yomthengisi isiNtaliyane, ongowokuzalwa Lucca. Uye waphila kusukela 1419 Bruges. Van Eyck zaveza isithombe sakhe, okuvumela ukuba siphethe ngokuthi leli muntu wayengumngane umdwebi.

Kodwa ngokuqinisekile ngokuthi ubani amelwe zabalingiswa Van Eyck, thina asikwazi. Abaningi ihlaya ngalokhu ukuthi uvezwa mdwebo "The Portrait Arnolfini" Putin (zifana kuye ngesikhathi Arnolfini ngempela).

Nokho, thina ulahle amahlaya eceleni bese uqhubeke incazelo yale midwebo.

isikhathi yokudala imidwebo

Umdwebo Ibhalwe "Arnolfini Portrait" kwaba e Bruges e 1434. Ngaleso sikhathi leli dolobha kwaba sezohwebo ezinkulu, lapho umsebenzi wonke Northern Europe. Kusukela eScandinavia neRussia zalethwa lapha noboya, nokhuni, ngokusebenzisa Venice, nase-Genoa ezivela eMpumalanga eyenziwa izinongo, okhaphethi, usilika, futhi kusukela ePortugal naseSpain - amawolintshi, amakhiwane, ulamula. uya khona Rich okwakuseduze layo umuzi Bruges.

izingubo zabesifazane

Kusenzo Umdwebo I Arnolfini ambalwa icebile. Lokhu kubonakala ngokukhethekile engutsheni. Unkosikazi uboniswa ingubo, lihlotshiswe Ermine. It has a umsila omude, okumele umuntu ukuba baqhubeke nokuhamba. Kulesi ingubo ukuhambisa kwakunokwenzeka kuphela kuyikhono ekhethekile lutholwa emibuthanweni ahlukile.

Izingubo ndoda ekulesi sithombe Van Eyck

Umyeni kusenzo kuye isiphuku sakhe sokuthunjwa, okuyinto okuqoqiwe, futhi mhlawumbe hit, Sable noma mink, nge ukuncishiselwa ezinhlangothini, okuvumela inkululeko ukwenza, ukuhambisa. On izicathulo lokhuni kungabonwa, ukuthi lo muntu ingeyona ebukhosini. Ukuze uthole ezingcolile ku lwasezitaladini, manene namanenekazi uhambo ohlakeni noma ngamahhashi.

imfashini waseBurgundy

EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani ngenkathi kwakukhona imfashini waseBurgundy, elandela lo mbhangqwana Arnolfini. Lokhu kwakubangelwa elinamandla ukwenza izinhlangano zamasiko nezombusazwe we Duchy of Burgundy. abesifazane kuphela, kodwa futhi izingubo zabesilisa ngesikhathi waseBurgundy enkantolo egcekeni kwaba obizayo. izigqoko Cylindrical kanye nemishuqulo ukugqokwa amadoda kakhulu. Njengoba izintambo ziyobe ziphethwe umkhwenyana, njengoba umlobokazi, uzilungise nomhlophe. kwamahlombe akhe emincane bathi azenzile isimo emphakathini akuyona amandla.

Igumbi Izimo

Painted umthengisi angaphandle, laphila ahlukile e Bruges. Wayesebenza kahle esibukweni, a Iqhwa, amatshe Oriental. Ezicwebezelisiwe engxenyeni engenhla ifasitela endlini namawolintshi ezibizayo kukhona etafuleni.

Nokho, iyincane egumbini ezisemadolobheni Ngesineke Van Eyck ( "Arnolfini Portrait"). Endaweni ubuswa embhedeni, njengenjwayelo nxazonke edolobheni. Kwathi irharideni wavuswa ngosuku, futhi kwadingeka izivakashi egumbini elilodwa, sihlezi embhedeni. Ngawa ebusuku, futhi kukhona "Igumbi egumbini" - isikhala avaliwe.

imininingwane ekamelweni elingaphakathi

Ukudlala wezangaphakathi, van Eyck uveza kuye njengoba ikamelo lomshado. Iyanezela eziningi nezincazelo kufihlwe nge umfanekiso ongokoqobo izinto egumbini e Umdwebo "I-Portrait Arnolfini". Amatshwayo kuboniswe ke baningi.

Ngokwesibonelo, iwuphawu iso likaNkulunkulu abona yonke into ayakubona esiyindilinga esibukweni ebonisa izibalo ngebantfu lababili awabonakali umbukeli, kodwa egumbini.

Amawolintshi Engenawo Umbala ezisebusweni sill iwindi futhi itafula ongaphakeme, abhekisela injabulo yasezulwini. Fall apula lifanekisela. Fidelity libhekisela umdlwane. Shoes - uphawu uthando nokuzinikela umlingani. Rosary - uphawu ehlonipha, kanye ibhulashi kuwuphawu ubumsulwa.

Omunye kwekhandlela Iqhwa, ovuthayo emini, zonke lezi zilo sifanekisela khona ezingaqondakali of uMoya oNgcwele emcimbini. Phezu kodonga ukufunda umbhalo, okuyinto uhlose ukunika umculi: "uJan van Eyck kwaba lapha". Ngakho, wachaza ukuthi lokhu kwaba umdwebi njengofakazi ngesikhathi ngokwezifiso ubudala Dutch of isithembiso alikho isonto nekhaya.

Lesi sithombe siwubufakazi bani okubonakalayo emcimbini wedding. Ngaphezu kwalokho, singasho ukuthi isitifiketi somshado. Ngenxa isignesha ebodeni kude arekhoda khona ubufakazi, okuyinto uba umculi. Lesi sithombe ngomunye wabokuqala ubuciko, ngemvume ngumlobi.

Ezinye izingxenye zesithombe zesifazane

Encwadini zemikhosi, zikanokusho ingubo umakoti agqoke ku-canvas. kusukela kuphela nekhulu le-19 yimfashini ingubo yomshado emhlophe. esiswini sakhe waphetha, ngokusho kwabanye abacwaningi, uphawu yokukhulelwa akuyona. Sikanye amabele amancane, uhudula okusezingeni eliphezulu, izimpendulo ngaleso sikhathi (ngo-inkathi ngasekupheleni Gothic) umfanekiso esezingeni ubuhle.

Inani udaba lufakwa lona wesifazane, futhi kuhambisana imfashini linqoba ngaleso sikhathi. Lona nje isenzo isiko, ngokuvumelana abacwaningi. Yayihloselwe, ngokuhambisana sengqondo womshado nomndeni, selisho okuzala. Ngemva yokudweba "I Arnolfini Portrait" eyabhalwa umculi ngesikhathi imibhangqwana lomshado emelelwa kuso. Nokho, isikhundla esandleni sowesifazane ku-canvas ayavuma onke okukhulelwa kwakhe, nakuba kungaba bazitshela ukuthi nale isenzo yena nje waphakamisa umphetho dress yakhe.

Umshado esandleni sobunxele

Kungenzeka ukuthi esimweni Arnolfini wayedinga inkontileka umshado, ngoba kusobala ukuthi lokhu esiyikho isithombe okubizwa ngokuthi "isimo sakhe sobunxele." Sibona kuwebhu, umkhwenyana ophethe ngesandla zikamakoti engakwesokhohlo sika kunokuba ilungelo, ngokwenqubo imfuneko. Imishado enjalo phakathi kwabashadile ka ukungalingani komphakathi, futhi luqhutshwa kwaze kwaba maphakathi nawo kwekhulu le-19.

Female ngokuvamile iphutha kusuka ekilasini aphansi. Kufanele ayeke amalungelo ifa enzalweni yabo futhi zizihloniphe nazo ngokwazo. Kunalokho azithola emva kokushona komyeni wakhe ethile. Inkontileka umshado, njengoba umthetho, ekhishwe ku ekuseni kulandela umshado. Ngakho-ke, imishado yawo iye yaqala ukubiza morganicheskim (kusukela German elithi "morgen", okusho ukuthi "ekuseni").