Ivanov, "I Ukubukeka kaKristu kubantu." Ukuhlaziya mdwebo "The Ukubukeka kaKristu kubantu"

Ngo ehlukile ihholo we Tretyakov Igalari ungabona isithombe Ivanov "I Ukubukeka kaKristu kubantu." Indwangu Kugcizelela ne usayizi nombala walo uyinki, ubunkimbinkimbi kwengoma. Mayelana nomlobi uyazi ukuthi sokuphila kwakhe engayitholi ukuqashelwa athandwayo kusukela Bakwethu lwakhe. Futhi lokhu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukusebenza umsebenzi wakhe, wahlala iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20, eziningi zazo wachitha kwelinye izwe. Kodwa manje wonke umuntu angabona Umdwebo okuningiliziwe "I Ukubukeka kaKristu kubantu." Incazelo sinikezwa kulesi sihloko.

Umlando Omfushane umculi

Yini ngempilo imidwebo umbhali laziwe? Yazalwa ngo-1806 emndenini umculi. Watadisha e master ikusasa Imperial Academy of Arts. Ukuze impumelelo yakhe ekusondeleni ngisho entsheni, wathola izindondo ezimbili esiliva. Lokhu kwalandelwa imiklomelo amabili egolide. Ngemva nelenhlangano ukukhuthaza abaculi zanquma ukubathumela Alexander Italy ukuthuthukisa in umdwebo. Kuyinto kuleli zwe, umculi kanye wadala ngendwangu yakhe enhle "I Ukubukeka kaKristu kubantu." ERoma, isithombe kwaba yimpumelelo enkulu. Futhi lapha ezweni wahlangana okokuqala cool. intsha okuqhubekayo kuphela, kuphikisana ngesikhathi imidwebo, wahlonishwa kuye isibonelo esikhulu kunazo zonke ukujika entsha ngokuphelele in umdwebo. Ngokushesha ngemva embukisweni umculi Ivanov waphathwa ikholera, wafa. Ngemva kwalokho Tsar u-Alexander II 15 000 wathenga lo mdwebo "The Ukubukeka kaKristu kubantu." Umlando Umdwebo yobuciko ngokushesha adluliselwe eMoscow, lapho yena wayengemuva Tretyakov Igalari. Nanguya kuze kube yilolu suku.

Isihloko isithombe

Umculi isikhathi eside bakhangwa umqondo ukudala ngendwangu esibonisa kukaMesiya. Phinda yokufunda iVangeli, wafika ukudalwa imidwebo ne izigcawu waseBhayibhelini. Phambi kwakhe, isihloko esetshenziswa Umdwebo Domeniko Di Tommaso del Ghirlandaio, umdwebi-Italian Yenguquko ukudala wobuciko yakhe, "Ukubhapathizwa Kristu, iSt John." Ebhekisela izingxenye zeBhayibheli, equkethe indaba isenzakalo esibalulekile, eye enikelwe ngokudweba Ivanov. I Ukubukeka kaKristu kubantu - omunye iziqephu ebaluleke kakhulu eTestamenteni Elisha.

Ezintabeni yaseHermoni, Lebanon kuvela emfuleni engcwele Jordan. Ngo sifinyelela yayo aphansi nalabo yizindawo ezingcwele lapho washumayela ioann Krestitel. Abazali bakhe, u-Elisabethi noZakariya base bekhona kakade i ukuguga, lapho bathola indodana. Umfana okuthiwa uJohn. Abaningi yawa phezu kwezinsizwa isabelo nokuswela womprofethi esizayo. Lapho inkosi yaseJudiya, uHerode wayala ukuba kubulawe kwabafana zonke izingane e Bethlehem, unina, u-Elizabeth, lapho egijima indodana eneminyaka emibili ehlane ukuba ingane isizwe kusukela amaJuda aqothulwe. ngokushesha uJohane elahlekile abazali bakhe. Wayehlala yedwa ehlane, ukudla izitshalo futhi sigqoke isilwane izikhumba. Lapho eneminyaka engu-13, waya eMfuleni iJordani, ukwazisa izakhamuzi zendawo mayelana Ukuza okuseduze uMesiya. Ukuze-ke zathuthelekela abantu abavela ezindaweni eziseduze. Bezwa izwi lakhe njalo. John wababizela baphenduke ezonweni zabo. Futhi labo ababenze, uMprofethi bacwiliswa "jet Jordan" ukubhapathiza. Ngakho kufike emfuleni omkhulu kwaba ifonti wobhapathizo emhlabeni wonke. Ioann Predtecha wakhuluma ukuza okuseduze uMsindisi. Wonke umuntu wayelindele lokhu.

Ekugcineni ngosuku ababewulangazelela ifikile. On the loMfula oNgcwele iisus hristos uvele izembatho okulula umbazi waseGalile. Akekho noyedwa kulabo abalala khona, ngaphandle uMbhapathizi, abazange bakuqaphele. INdodana kaNkulunkulu kwaba ngokuthobeka, lutho umi phakathi kwabanye. Wangena amanzi eJordani ukuba azobhapathizwa nguye. Geza ngamanzi ongcwele ukuba yena kamuva ukuqeda egeza olunegazi eKhalvari. Kuyinto indaba umbhaphathizo ukuhlupheka kwabantu silindele ukufika kukaMesiya, futhi kuboniswe ngendwangu yakhe Ivanov.

Kanjani umsebenzi kuwebhu?

Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 yomsebenzi ye-master Umdwebo "I Ukubukeka kaKristu kubantu." Umlando kokudaliweyo yakhe kakhulu. Eminyakeni emithathu ngaphambili umculi zaveza canvas "I Ukubukeka kaKristu lakhuphuka kuMariya Magdalena." Ngaphambi abasebenza ngobuciko umbhali sikhishwe izifundo ezingaphezu kuka-600. Ivanov bephikelela wafuna prototypes lezinhlamvu movie phakathi abangane, abavelayo ezitaladini, izimakethe nokunye. sibalo ngasinye, ngokuvumelana master, okwakufanele ngabe imelela lonke izwe nzima ukuphila phetho. Nakuba abasebenza imidwebo, Ivanov izikhathi eziningana ukushintsha yasekuqaleni ekhulelwa kwengoma. Lapha sazilahla netimiso Umdwebo zezemfundo. Ngendlela yakhe evamile eyinqaba kumculi woqobo ubuso nabantu bedlula imizwelo yabo. impumelelo Omkhulu futhi uye wakwenza emkhathini futhi ukudluliswa ivolumu. Esikhathini esiningi umsebenzi yobuciko aphethwe e-Italy. Kuyini ezithakazelisayo, isithombe wangaqedwa. Lokhu kuvikela sifo okuqhubekayo iso umdwebi, kanye ukushintsha umbono wakhe. Ekupheleni umsebenzi on ngendwangu Ivanov ukholo yokuthi intshumayelo zenkolo bekezelela yaniso ngokusebenzisa ubuciko, kungaba nomthelela ekuguquleni indoda. Kodwa kule canvas anolaka isibonelo esivelele monumentalism classical.

landscape

Indwangu colorful kakhulu. Ubunjalo akusiyo ngaphansi ekhululekile kuka izibalo womuntu. Njengoba yaziwa, umphumela isithombe ku-canvas okwenzeka ePalestine. Kodwa umculi akazange nethuba ukuvakashela leli ohlangothini ukutadishwa yemvelo lezo zindawo. uhlobo ezifanele isikhathi eside ayekufuna e-Italy. Futhi wakwazi ukuthola wakhe. Kwaphela izinyanga kwase wayehlala emaxhaphozini futhi Backwoods kuleli zwe, ezama kabusha ubunjalo leZwe Elingcwele emsebenzini wabo. Ngokucophelela emangalisayo, imiva Nokubhekana Namaqiniso iveza inkosi yakhe. Lapha futhi ilanga-elihangukile ethafeni ezinamadwala ezintabeni lalithe ngci yinkungu oluhlaza ibanga, kanye lomfula engcwele, igcwele izihlahla futhi ezihlabayo. It is ezimangalisayo lokho umbala emangalisayo inhlanganisela Ivanov atholakala lapha. "Ukubukeka kaKristu kubantu" - isithombe ngempela ngokuthi ubuciko. Kubonakala sengathi inkosi ibhecwe ibhulashi, emajukujukwini owawungumnyaka elangeni. Ngakho konke kuba ukukhanya, imisebe, nokwesasa.

Incazelo yesithombe

Phambili kulesi sithombe kunesonto iqembu imidwebo yamaJuda, abeza amanzi oMfula oNgcwele ukulalela umshumayeli John, wahlanza kwezono abhabhathizwe nguye. Kukhona abantu bobudala obungefani, amakilasi social nezinkolo. namandla kangakanani umehluko phakathi kwamaJuda kufanekiswe esithombeni, ezahlukene ngakho nemizwelo ngobuso babo. Othile ubukeka kuJohane umunyu nesasasa phambi ukuza kukaMesiya, umuntu - emomotheka obusolisayo nokungathembani, futhi amanye aze ngisho ne intukuthelo nenzondo. Esikhathini Umdwebo "I Ukubukeka kaKristu kubantu," umculi wawubonisa inani indoda esikhulile abacebile isigqila sakhe nge intambo emqaleni, nokuzikhulula ku haunches yakhe eceleni master yakhe futhi wanikela izingubo zakhe kuye. Umxhwele ngayo ukunakwa nothando uMprofethi ukulalela Nceku. Embuka, uqiniseka ukuthi inceku kuyoba omunye abasekeli ardent ubuKristu. okuvelayo olunjalo oluqinile inyatheliswe izwi lakhe Baptist. Lolo kholo olusha, ngokuvumelana master, kwaba ukuletha ndawonye abantu amakilasi ezahlukene.

Eceleni umprofethi abaphostoli: njengabesifazane zibomvu insizwa ingubo ebomvu kanye ijazi ophuzi ioann Bogoslov elimpunga-darnel ixhegu lomnqumo ingubo emnyama nge Cabangisisa ubuso Andrew. Lokhu abafundi esizayo futhi abalandeli bakaKristu, ukuthi emva yokuvuswa koMsindisi kuyoba ukutshela abantu ukuphila kwasemhlabeni kukaMesiya. Kukhona isixuku nabafundi Baptist nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "abangabazayo". Lena uyinsizwa ubuso enhle, nokuntula intshebe elimnyama. Wayelethwa ukuqhaqhazela zihambisana ingubo oluluhlaza eside. Amehlo akhe abadanileyo. sobuso kusikisela disbelief ukungabaza mayelana nokushaya khona umprofethi. Eyesibili "nabangabazayo" - omhlophe-darnel ixhegu ingubo emnyama. Uyayilalela ngokucophelela ukuze amazwi kaJohane. Lokhu kungenxa abeZizwe beza ukushunyayelwa kwezindaba uMsindisi ozayo futhi abangafuni ukukholelwa ezimangalisweni. Ukuze kwesokunxele kubo ukuboniswa ixhegu kokuncika ngomshiza, futhi nqunu nsizwa. Bamane ageze emanzini oMfula iJordani manje Kuyathakazelisa ubuka John.

Ngakwesokudla uMprofethi kuyinto iqembu labantu omehlo akhe phezu Ukuza kaKristu buqamama. Phakathi kwabo kukhona nobutha abapristi abakhulu umshumayeli nababhali. Abasekeli ukholo ubudala. Ubuso babo ingafundwa futhi ukungathandi isifundiso esisha, nokunganaki abandayo ukuze okwenzekayo, nokungathembani ngisho nolaka esisobala. Lokhu ikakhulukazi ngokucacile isimo sobuso yaleli khehla nge ekhaleni ezingemnandi obukhulu. Yena uvezwa iphrofayli. Ekhululekile futhi izibalo ezilandelayo ongaphambili. Lo muntu isigamu-nqunu abasha egeleza ngezinwele ezibomvu. Isidumbu sakhe namehlo waphendukela Kristu. Eceleni kwakhe kukhona okuthiwa "Wobble" - umfana uyise. Bamane bangene emanzini emfuleni engcwele ukuba abhapathizwe. Sikhexe futhi uthando basilalela amazwi kaJohane. isithombe sabo sonke kufanekisela ukuzimisela ukwamukela inkolo entsha, nikholwe nokuza kukaMesiya. Ngokulandelayo, isixuku ungabona amabutho aseRoma wathumela lapha ukuze bagcine inqubo, abesifazane, eziphenduke e Cape maroon. Kuyini ezithakazelisayo, njengoba sitter umfanekiso ababi wenza umngane ezinhle Ivanov - Nikolai Gogol. Umdwebo "I Ukubukeka kaKristu kubantu 'wazilandela ngokunembile ngokucacile ukufana yomlobi enkulu ebusweni uhlamvu. Lena kwaphawuleka ngokukhethekile phezu imidwebo kuya ngendwangu.

Isibalo Ioanna Krestitelya

NgokweBhayibheli, isikhathi esiningi ayichitha umprofethi ehlane, begqoke isilwane izikhumba, ukudla izitshalo futhi ekuzilungiseleleni eziphilayo ngakhethi kude abantu. Lapha futhi mdwebo "The Ukubukeka kaKristu kubantu, isitayela okuyinto ingachazwa njenge okwangempela zezemfundo, ioann Krestitel uvezwa isiqhwaga okusezingeni eliphezulu enezinwele ezinde, ngezikhathi egeleza kusukela emahlombe nentshebe. Anakho okhanyayo ubuso nomzimba omncane, amehlo lushone, elikhiphe ngaye njengendoda enokholo, izinsuku eziningi wachitha wedwa futhi radevshego ngoba isiphetho isintu. Ubizwa begqoke Ikamela isikhumba nejazi okhanyayo kwendaba indawo. izandla Strong izinyawo, okusezingeni eliphezulu ebunzini ezihlakaniphile, kanzima bheka ithi juqu amandla elingaphakathi uMbhapathizi. Uveza abantu phezu sibalo womuntu, nje ubonise enamadwala, ethafeni ilanga-elihangukile. Kuyinto iisus hristos yena - uMesiya, abalandeli osekukade uMprofethi. Esandleni sakhe sobunxele uMbhapathizi esiphambanweni - uphawu lolu kholo olusha. isenzo esiwujuqu John, inkulumo yokubukeka kwakhe athi mayelana isasasa injabulo ngayo ihlangabezana okwase kuyisikhathi eside elindelwe.

Isibalo Kristu

Oqavile sokuqanjwa kuyinto ioann Krestitel. Kodwa uMsindisi kusenzo ibanga. Kodwa lo mculi akusho kunganciphisa ukubaluleka yayo ukwakheka jikelele. Esikhathini Umdwebo "I Ukubukeka kaKristu kubantu," umlobi presents uMesiya esinjengesomuntu izingubo plain. Kodwa bonke inikeza "iNdodana kaNkulunkulu": nobuhle Gait futhi izinhlaka zezinkulumo okuyimfihlakalo niwubone umzimba wakhe, siziqhathanise ne uhlaka ezintabeni ... Isibukeli kunzima ukubona ubuso uMsindisi. Yiziphi imizwa siveza? Kubonakala ukuthi unakho konke: enokuthula ubukhulu obubabazekayo, injabulo ngamadodana awo nokuthi ayawathanda ... Silhouette likaKristu bayaxoxa, kodwa bungacaci akucacile. Uthwala ongaqondakali futhi ofuna ukuphumela obala. Lo mbono oluthile nombhali isithombe. Echaza uMesiya ngale ndlela ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili. Okokuqala, angathanda ukugxila hhayi ebusweni sibalo koMsindisi, owafika kuleli zwe ukuze akhulule isintu esonweni, futhi ukusabela kwabantu ukuze mkhuba kaJesu. Futhi okwesibili, nenkolo yobuKristu uqobo ngesikhathi amaJuda abonakala njengoba ongaqondakali futhi engaqondakali evelele.

Ukuhlaziya mdwebo "The Ukubukeka kaKristu kubantu"

Umphakathi jikelele abazange baqonde inhloso yombhali, kunencazelo ejulile zefilosofi esivela umkhiqizo. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi umculi iye yamukelwa ekuqaleni kuhle kakhulu. Izethameli bakujwayele ukubona kunoma yiliphi uhlobo yobuciko ubuqhawe, yanoma yiluphi uhlobo kungase ukumela. Lapha master ukuboniswa bangempela ngokuphumelelayo nemizwelo yabo yangempela. Ukuze umphakathi kwaba umbhedo! Le Umdwebo abantu abawubonanga. Bangaki imizwa ehlukene nemizwelo kungaba umuntu, ulungiselela umcimbi ezinkulu ekuphileni kwakho - ke yilokho engangifuna ukuwabonisa emsebenzini wakhe Ivanov. "Ukubukeka kaKristu kubantu" - isithombe-umqhele umsebenzi wakhe. sokunconywa Omkhulu umdwebi lapha ukuqonda esijulile wezokusebenza kwengqondo yomuntu. iqhawe ngamunye iculo lakhe - ezweni lonke imizwelo, imizwa, imizwelo. Kubuka imidwebo yanoma yimuphi uhlamvu, ungakwazi kalula ukucabanga nje ukuthi yini le ndoda uhlala, nalokho anakho ekilasini futhi inkolo, kodwa siyini izwe lakhe elingaphakathi, yini ebashukumisa. Ekuqaleni umsebenzi okuyinhloko Umdwebo wahosha indaba yeBhayibheli. Kodwa ekupheleni ke kwadingeka ayeke phezulu amathuba inkolo ekuguquleni, nokuzalwa kabusha kuka-indoda. Okulandelayo wayefuna ukubhala efanako, kodwa ngaphandle kokuya phezu iVangeli, futhi eveza imicabango nemizwa abantu besikhathi sakhe ezweni lakubo. Kuyinto edabukisayo ukuthi abakwazanga ukukwenza. Wayengumuntu ukugula ngokushesha sina. Kodwa indima eside kule kukhala futhi yobutha futhi inzondo, okuyinto owokuqala wathatha umphakathi umsebenzi wakhe.

Isiphetho mdwebo

Ngo-1857, umsebenzi ku-canvas omkhulu yaqedwa. Ubukhulu of Umdwebo bazongena esitelekeni :. 540 x 750 cm Ngo 1858, Ivanov isiqunto sokuya kwa-Petersburg ukwethula ngobuciko umphakathi. Izimali ukuthutha emikhulu imisebenzi yobuciko ezinikelwe Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna. Exhibition of imidwebo "I Ukubukeka kaKristu kubantu", futhi zonke izifundo kanye izikeshi kwathatha indawo ehholo we Academy of Fine Arts. ukuhlolwa ocacile umsebenzi yobuciko ingemukelwa. Izikhulu wahlangana kuhle awo epholile. Kodwa ku zasobala kwagxila eqinile. abantu Progressive langaleso sikhathi eyaziwako kumbhali imidwebo umculi brilliant owathola indlela entsha in umdwebo ngazwi linye. ngemva kwamasonto ayisithupha embukisweni Ivanov waphathwa ikholera, wafa. Ngemva kwamahora ambalwa nje kuphela uMbusi u-Alexander II wathenga Umdwebo for ruble 15,000 - isamba esikhulu ngalezo zinsuku. Wamyisa isipho Rumyantsev Museum of the edolobheni Petersburg. Ngokuba abanjalo a ngendwangu esikhulu zikleliswe okwesikhathi inkundla ehlukile. Ngo-1925 i-Rumyantsev Museum, baye bathuthela eMoscow, yahlakazeka. Lo msebenzi yobuciko wayiswa State Tretyakov Igalari. Ngo-1932 yakhiwa khona ekamelweni elihlukile e Lavrushinsky Lane anjalo emidwebweni emikhulu. Lapha kuba kuze kube yilolu suku. Esikhathini edolobheni Petersburg ngesikhathi State Russian Museum has izifundo eziningi futhi imidwebo emithathu umdwebo.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

• Lesi sithombe - umsunguli umbiko impesheni isimo e-Italy. Kuleli zwe umculi wathunyelwa iminyaka 4 lentuthuko yobuciko. Ngu kakhulu ngendlela 20 iminyaka ephethwe yokwelula "internship" Alexander Ivanov. "Ukubukeka kaKristu kubantu" - isithombe, lapho ayesebenzela.
• Omunye izibalo zaveza by amakhosi kusukela Nikolaya Gogolya. Lena ngenye yama-ababhukudi elise eduze Kristu. Ku-useyile omkhulu ukufana kancane obonakalayo. Kodwa kule imidwebo umdwebo, ke bubonakala ngokucacile.
• Le ndoda endala ngakwesokunxele ugqoke ezimhlophe ibheshu. Ngo kukhombisa lokhu izinsalela zezimpahla livela obomvu.
• Eduze Ioanna Krestitelya libonisa inceku cape okwesibhakabhaka. nobuso bakhe oluhlaza. Lokhu kubonakala ngokucacile kule imidwebo umdwebo.
• Phakathi izingoma leqembu emaphakathi lezinombolo isihambi sibonwa ngodondolo ku obanzi isigqoko grey. Ngale ndlela umculi ukuboniswa yena.
• ngemva nje kwamasonto ambalwa ngithole isethulo umphakathi we mdwebo "The Ukubukeka kaKristu kubantu," Aleksandra Ivanova esehambile. Izinsuku zokugcina zokuphila kwakhe kwakugcwele ukuhlazeka nokuphelelwa ithemba. It is ukuthi ayitholanga imali thembisa for the incwadi eyaziwa. abathandi Art abaye wagxeka ke. Ngemva kokufa lombhali, inkosi ngomusa wamnika Order of St uVladimir, futhi wathenga Umdwebo for imali eningi ngalezo zinsuku.