By ulwelwe brown kukhona ... ulwelwe Brown: Abameleli

Izwe kwamanzi wezilwandle nasolwandle ubelokhu wavusa isithakazelo abantu. Kuyasiza kakhulu futhi ukwazi ukuthola ukuthi iziphi izinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane, linikezwa? Ngakho-ke, sekungamashumi amaningi eminyaka kakade ososayensi ezihlukahlukene ucwaningo olunzulu kule ndawo. Iye efunde omkhulu ezihlukahlukene ulwazi, indoda usefunde ukusetshenziswa yabo izidingo cishe zonke ezaziwayo zama-zasolwandle ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni.

Omunye okunjalo kuwusizo futhi ebalulekile ezomnotho kubantu abamele waqala kelp. Sikhuluma ngokuningiliziwe.

Izinhlelo isikhundla kelp

Brown ulwelwe Class kuthatha ivolumu ingxenye flora zezilwandle. Kuze kube manje, kukhona kwezinhlobo abangaba yinkulungwane abameleli, simunye ngokwehluka 250 ezizalwa. Bonke basonta usayizi ezinamangqamuzana amaningi, futhi ngokuvamile umxhwele.

Epulanini isikhundla ehlelekile esasisentshonalanga Brown izimila zasolwandle, kungenziwa elabekwa kanje:

• Empire - Cell.
• Superkingdom - eukaryotes.
• Kingdom - Izitshalo.
• Subkingdom - ulwelwe noma izitshalo aphansi.
• Division - ochrophyta.
• Class - ulwelwe Brown.

Phakathi ulwelwe brown izitshalo ezifana ubukhulu amancane imidondoshiya yangempela. Cabanga ngalokho izici banayo ku Ukuklanywa komzimba futhi owelapha kubo.

Isakhiwo jikelele we plan

Isakhiwo kelp akuyona okuningi ezahlukene kusukela ukuthi okunye okuthile okulimazayo ezihlotsheni zawo. Umzimba umelwe thallus noma thallus hhayi umahluko ibe izingxenye, alinaso amahlamvu nezimpande. Ama-ejensi enamathiselwe substrate kukhona ezihlobene ekhethekile efana encane izimpande, ihambe, ngokuthi rhizoids.

Iningi amaningi zinhlobo zokuphila ulindele, babiza substrate. Nokho, kukhona khulula-ukubhukuda phezu abameleli. Isici kungenziwa ngokuthi i thallus kuchazwe kahle esikhulu ishidi ipuleti. Ngezinye izikhathi banayo ukuncishiselwa ezimbi kakhulu, okwenza isakhiwo ulwelwe brown efana ngentambo. Ngakho ngokuvamile amanye amalungu okuthiwa - filamentous.

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali emangqamuzaneni lezi zitshalo iqukethe ekhethekile izinto-zombala eziqukethwe chloroplast. Ziyakwazi:

• fucoxanthin;
• chlorophyll;
• xanthophylls.

Ziklanyelwe ukuncela spectra ezithile emisebeni yelanga, okungase ukungena ukujula okukhulu ukushuba kolwandle. Futhi, lezi zinhlobo zombala lidlulisele umbala onsundu. It okungukuthi ngokusebenzisa le datha ulwelwe ikani bukhoma ekujuleni afika ku-200 m, nakuba namanje uthanda ugu esishintshashintshayo kanye nokujula ezingekho ngaphansi kuka-15 ukuphakama.

Iseli odongeni iqukethe ekhethekile acid - alginic, okuyinto okungukuthi esinye sezizathu for the isizinda lezi ulwelwe umuntu. Phakathi ulwelwe brown izitshalo, okuyinto akhiwa izigaxa ekhethekile nomoya. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze agcine ntanta ngesikhathi kwamanzi, kanye ngokukhululekile ukuthuthukisa ngaphakathi amaseli enzalo zokukhiqiza.

I kakhulu inqubo kokushiya inzalo kanti izinhlobo ezintathu:

1. Asexual, esebenzisa ezinhlamvu.
2. Ukuzitika ngobulili, ukudla nge gametes.
3. izingxenye vegetative emzimbeni.

Okunye okumelwe ukucabangele ezithakazelisayo, okuyinto ingxenye thallus we izimila zasolwandle elinsundu fucoidan. Lokhu polysaccharide isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuyinto has a spectrum ezibanzi yesenzo zokwelapha (ejenti antineoplastic, eqeda ukuvuvukala, elwa namagciwane, immunomodulatory). Lena enye ukukhiqizwa isizathu abantu kelp.

izindawo yokusabalalisa

By ulwelwe brown zihlanganisa izinhlobo ukuthi uthanda ulwandle. Nokho, abameleli izizukulwane ezine kungcono ukuhlala ngamanzi agobhozayo - Heribaudiella, Pleurokladiya, Bodanella futhi Sfatselyariya.

Kukhona lezi zitshalo yonke indawo kuwo wonke kwezilwandle ingxenye yomhlaba, kodwa emakamu esiphezulu ewela amanzi ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa elithokomele, kanye zone Circumpolar. Ngamunye abameleli ifomu ephawulekayo ye izitshalo usawoti emaxhaphozini.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi brown ulwelwe yiwona Giants, abakhethe yabo olwenzeka endaweni Atlantic Ocean. Kodwa iye yakha lapho wonke kolwandle, ogama lakhe behlonipha yabo Sargasso. Lokhu zasolwandle Sargassum.

Okungukuthi, isimo sezulu azibalulekile ngakho ngenxa yokuphila izitshalo, ngakho, lusakazwe kabanzi ngakho futhi inqwaba.

Class abameleli: makrotsistis

Ukuze ulwelwe brown zihlanganisa macrostructures, isibonelo esivelele kakhulu okuyizinto makrotsistis. Lona omunye abameleli ngobukhulu futhi omkhulu kakhulu lezi zitshalo. ubude thallus 60 m kanye mass isiko okulingana 150 kg.

Ngoba lezizinto ikakhulu basakaza emanzini zone athokomele. Izici esikhethekile isakhiwo zihlanganisa ezibanzi leaf ngamaqabunga and balloons kubo, ukukhonza ukubamba iflothi phezulu. Rhizoids ziyatholakala futhi ku thallus, exhunywe lezi zitshalo ezinamadwala Stony substrates ngesikhathi labantu abangu-25 m ukujula.

Ukwakheka amaseli thallus kuhlanganisa eminingi awusizo kubalulekile izinto abantu ukuthi kabanzi izimayini makrotsistis. Kwenzenjani?

1. Polysaccharides nama-amino acid - asetshenziswa umkhakha yezimonyo ukuze ukungezwa okhilimu, tonics, lotions nokunye.
2. Iodine, i-silicon, phosphorus kanye nezinye izakhi.
3. Alginic acid - isetshenziswa embonini chemical ukukhiqiza nezindwangu zokwenziwa izindwangu.

Alga uqobo ehlelekile kungokwalabo bohlobo Laminaria.

Analipus Japanese

Plant, bakha kelp Hordarievye umndeni. Abamele le taxon kukhona thwi thallus akuyona usayizi liphezulu kakhulu. Ngakho, analipus ifinyelela 30 cm ubude. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ku-eksisi eyinhloko amagatsha lateral suka, kodwa, njengoba umthetho, le eminye abazi azikhandle.

Rhizoids kubuyiswe ku ematheni, ekufanele sitshalo nasezinsikeni amatshe izingxenye ugu zasePacific ezindaweni ezakhelene. Buka evamile Sakhalin, eKamchatka, ogwini Sea of Japan kanye Kuril Islands.

Tull lokhu multicavity alga eba kukho konke ukuphila. Ezindaweni nge eqinile surf ulwelwe kuba yayicindezele phansi isitshalo, njenge-koqweqwe.

kelp

Lokunye lokubaluleke kakhulu brown alga Laminaria, ummeleli umndeni eponymous. Siqukethe izinhlobo eziningi, eziningi zazo ubhekwa Kelp Japanese noma Seaweed. Lesi simila kuvamile zasePacific naseNyakatho-Atlantic Ocean, kanye kuyinto Inani elihle umuntu.

isakhiwo umzimba emelelwa eside, 12 m thallus kokuba ukubukeka kwamagceke brown umbala opholile. Rhizoids ezansi le thallus kumele exhunywe Stony futhi substrates enamadwala.

I kelp ziwusizo kubantu?

1. Methionine - i acid acid, okuqukethwe okuyinto lesi sitshalo iqhawe ngisho phakathi imifino eliwumhlaba.
2. Minerals, i-iodine izakhi mkhondo - kukhona ngobuningi ekhona emangqamuzaneni kelp.
3. Amakhabhohayidrethi ukunikeza lesi sitshalo okusezingeni eliphezulu a umsoco.

Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo, kelp isetshenziselwa kokudla kwezilwane, isetshenziswa njengoba umkhiqizo oluyigugu abantu, udume izakhiwo kwalo ukuzimonyonga dietetics.

isinye

eyigugu kakhulu kwezokwelapha futhi abameleli ezilandelayo - fucus (fucus). Baziwa nangokuthi ngokuthi "ulwandle amagilebhisi", okuyinto abazitholile i isakhiwo ezithakazelisayo thallus. Kuyinto esivusa amadlingozi kakhulu, ukucubungula sifana kweqembu izithelo. Plant idatha - liyinqolobane zonke izakhi kungenzeka futhi izinto ezibalulekile, okuyinto ngokuvamile aqukethe kelp. Abamele ngokubhoboza 19 taxa.

Ngaphandle thallium amancane, oluhlaza omnqumo, ngempela okukhulu, obukhulu. Habitat Izitshalo: cishe zonke izilwandle nasolwandle, ikakhulukazi White Sea.

I izinto kufakwe Ukwakheka nokuba ukubaluleka:

• azungeze 42 izakhi zamakhemikhali;
• acid kanye okunamafutha amino acid;
• amavithamini evela emaqenjini A kuya RR;
• fucoidan.

Sargassum

Kukhona ulwelwe brown kuthiwa izitshalo ezifana Sargassum. Thallus ifinyelela obuphelele abafika kwabangu-10 m, ikakhulu uma ucabangela akwazi ukwakha inhlobo uhlevane eziqongweni emoyeni, Bubbles. Ngenxa yalesi sehlozi izitshalo zibe lonke kwamanzi (e-Atlantic Sea Sargasso). Attached phansi ebusweni enamadwala.

Izinhlelo eyinhloko lezi zinhlobo ukudliwa ngabantu (amazwe ase-Asia), kokudla kwezilwane, ukwenziwa kwemithi. Habitat: ezindaweni ezishisayo.

Padin

kelp Very interesting, umbala okuyinto kude igama ekilasini. Okuningi like amakhowe amhlophe volnushki emise okwe-fan thallus yayo enhle encane. Lesi simila kuyinto kakhulu ukushisa-onothando, ezivame kangaka ezindaweni ezishisayo futhi eduze nogu of America. Ikakhulu lisetshenziswa ekwelapheni kanye Cosmetology.