Biography Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha. I ifa kwezincwadi umbhali

Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich alidingi isingeniso. Lokhu umbhali omkhulu wemidlalo eyaziwa ngokuba umhlaba wonke. Biography Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha okwethulwa kulesi sihloko.

umbhali Umsuka

Bulgakov M. A. wazalwa Meyi 3, 1891 eKiev. Abazali bakhe nezihlakaniphi. Unina wasebenza Karachai progymnasium uthisha. Owami ubaba wayeyisidakwa, uthisha (isithombe sakhe kunikezwa ngenhla). Ngemva kokuthola iziqu Kiev Theological Academy, wasebenza khona, kanye nezinye izikhungo zemfundo. Ngo 1893 Athanasius Bulgakov baba Kiev ngomshini kumhloli wezincwadi lesifunda. yemisebenzi yakhe ihlanganisa ukucwaninga imisebenzi ebhaliwe ngezilimi zakwamanye amazwe. Emkhayeni, ngaphandle kukaMikayeli sinezingane ezinhlanu.

isikhathi ukuqeqeshwa, umsebenzi kule izibhedlela ensimini

Kufanele kubhekwe ngokuningiliziwe olukhulu umlobi njengoba Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich, biography. Uhlu izinsuku ehlobene nepilo yakhe, ukusiza labo ebekwe ukuthola umsuka umsebenzi wakhe futhi ukuqonda izici zezwe lakhe elingaphakathi hhayi kuphela. Ngakho-ke siphakamisa ukuthi ukufunda umlando enemininingwane.

Umlobi esizayo wafunda Alexander Okokuqala sokuzivocavoca. izinga lemfundo kulesi sikole laliphezulu kakhulu. Ngo-1909, Mr Mikhail wangena Kiev University, ngemva kwalokho kwakufanele ukuba abe udokotela. Ngo-1914 kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala.

Ngemva kokuphothula University ngo-1916, Bulgakov wasebenza izibhedlela ensimini (kuyi Kamenetz-Podolsk, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana - Cherepovets). Waphinde wabizwa kusukela ngaphambili e-September 1916 Bulgakov waba inhloko yalawa Nikolskaya lwezibhedlela zasemakhaya etholakala esifundazweni Smolensk. Ngemva konyaka, ngo-1917, Bulgakov wayiswa Vyazma. Njengoba esungulwe ngo-1926, "Amanothi we udokotela osemncane" kubonakala Lesi sikhathi sokuphila kwakhe. I protagonist msebenzi udokotela unekhono, isisebenzi ukuya empini ngenxa kanembeza. Encwadini izimo esasibonakala njengomnyama ongenafu uyasindisa iziguli. The hero ecasukile kakhulu nesimo esinzima wezimali ka abalimi abangafundile abahlala emaphandleni Smolensk. Nokho, uyaqaphela ukuthi akakwazi ukushintsha into.

Revolution e isiphetho Bulgakov

ukuphila ejwayelekile Bulgakov waphula Februwari revolution. Bulgakov uzwakalise isimo sakhe sengqondo kuso ngo-1923 indaba yakhe "Kyïv-City". Waphawula ukuthi "ngokuphazima kweso futhi ominously" inguquko "kwavela indaba."

Ekupheleni October Revolution Bulgakov wakhululwa ebusosheni. Wabuyela Kiev lwakhe lwendabuko, okuyinto, ngeshwa, ngokushesha ilawulwa amaJalimane. Lapha Mr Mikhail waphonseka maelstrom ka kulwiwa. Bulgakov kwaba udokotela omuhle kakhulu, kungani zazidingeka amasevisi yakhe ngu zombili. udokotela Young kunoma isiphi isimo wahlala ethembekile izimiso zobuntu. Kancane kancane ezikhulayo ukucasula ngokupheleleyo khona emphefumulweni wakhe. Wayengeke bakwemukele unya lwezikhulu mhlophe futhi Petliura. Ngemva kwalokho, yile ndlela nawe ozizwa zazibonakala inoveli Bulgakov esithi "iWhite Guard" kanye izindaba zakhe, "Ebusuku inomboro yesithathu," "Raid" futhi kudlala "Flight" futhi "Izinsuku abaphehla ugesi."

Bulgakov ngokwethembeka kwenziwe emsebenzini udokotela. Phakathi nonyaka wenkonzo, ayenakho, ube ngufakazi unwitting kuya ubugebengu ezenziwa ekupheleni 1919 eVladikavkaz. Bulgakov wayengafuni ukuba nengxenye empini. Washiya kwababusi bempi ka Denikin ekuqaleni kuka-1920

Izihloko kuqala futhi izindaba

Khona-ke nganquma ayisekho umkhuba imithi Mihail Afanasevich Bulgakov. Biography emfushane kuqhubeka ukusebenza njengoba intatheli. Waqala bhala eziye zanyatheliswa emaphephandabeni endawo. Indaba yakhe yokuqala Bulgakov igcwaliswe ekwindla ka 1919 Lokho ebusika edala izihloko eziningana satirical, eziningi izindaba. Ngo omunye wabo, ngokuthi "Tribute to wokwenama," Bulgakov isitshela indaba izibhelu emgwaqweni esenzeka Kiev ngesikhathi salezi zinguquko futhi kulwiwa.

Plays wadala eVladikavkaz

Ngaphambi nje kokuba ama white kwesokunxele eVladikavkaz, relapsing imfiva iyagula Mihail Afanasevich Bulgakov. Umlando Omfushane kuye ngalesisikhathi ikakhulukazi okukhulu. Entwasahlobo ka-1920, wasinda. Nokho, amasosha iRed Army baye bangena emzini, futhi Bulgakov ayikwazanga thutha, okuyinto efana kakhulu. Kwakudingekile ngandlela-thile ukwakha elala umbuso omusha. Khona-ke waqala ukuba ubambisane ekomidini wamavukelambuso, ku-Sub-Division of Arts. Bulgakov wadala izingcezu ukuze ingush futhi troupes Ossetic. Le misebenzi iveza imibono yakhe inguquko. Lokhu ukuyaluza yaba ngeyesikhashana, Kulotshiwe ngokuyinhloko siqhubeke siphila ezimweni ezinzima. Ngo inoveli Bulgakov sika "Amanothi phezu cuffs" kubonakala okuvelayo yakhe eVladikavkaz.

Ukuhambisa eMoscow, imisebenzi emisha

Ngo Tiflis, sabe Batumi ngizohamba UMikhail Bulgakov. Nokho, Umlando wakhe, wathatha inkambo ehlukile. Bulgakov wayazi ukuthi indawo yembhali isikhathi esinzima ezweni - eduze abantu. Biography Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha ngo-1921 kwaphawula hambisa eMoscow. Isihloko sakhe entwasahlobo ka-1922, eyanyatheliswa ngo omagazini namaphephandaba komuzi njalo. I-eseyi kanye iphamfulethi satirical kubonakala izimpawu eziyinhloko zeminyaka yokuphila post-wamavukelambuso. Into eyinhloko ukubhinqa Bulgakov sasikhuluma 'ngezindaba ukugqwala we nep "(ngamanye amazwi, entsha onothile nepmen). Lapha kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele inoveli ezifana Bulgakov njengendlela "Cup of Life 'futhi' Trillioner". Futhi wayengumuntu amalungu omphakathi nge ezingeni eliphansi isiko. Bazaar abahwebi, ukuphambukisa abakhileyo emzini ohlanganyelwe eMoscow, nosaziwayo kanye nezinye izikhulu, Nokho, Mr Mikhail wabona into entsha kuleli zwe. Ngakho, ngo-yinye indzaba, echaza ubunjalo izitayela ezintsha lapho sibhekene umfana wesikole oqonda nge brand knapsack entsha emgwaqeni.

Indaba "The Fatal Amaqanda" netimphawu lokusungula 1920

Indaba "The Fatal Amaqanda" Bulgakov yanyatheliswa ngo-1924 Kuthatha indawo i esiseduze esizayo ngengqondo - ngo-1928 Ngalesi sikhathi imiphumela nep kwabonakala kakade. Ikakhulukazi, izinga lokuphila liye landa ngendlela eyisimanga (enovelini, okuyinto sidalwe UMikhail Bulgakov). Biography yomlobi akusho awathathe amaziyo enemininingwane ngomsebenzi wakhe, kodwa ngesakhiwo isebenza "The Amaqanda Obulalayo" sisalokhu uyixoxe in a Ngamafuphi. UProfesa Peaches wenziwe ukutholakala ezibalulekile kungaba inenzuzo enkulu sonke isintu. Nokho, ezandleni ezikhukhumezayo, abantu semi ukufunda nokubhala, abameleli kwenchubokuphatsa entsha sakhula ngaphansi neMpi nobuKhomanisi, futhi iminyaka nep ukuze aqinise isikhundla yayo, ekutholakaleni yinto embi kakhulu. Cishe zonke izinhlamvu izindaba Bulgakov, wadala ngo-1920, ehluleka. Ezinkondlweni zakhe, umbhali uhlose ukuba badlulisele umfundi umqondo wokuthi umphakathi ayikalungi ekutheni samukele izindlela nezimo entsha ubudlelwano ukuthi zisekelwe inhlonipho ulwazi namasiko, ukuze umsebenzi onzima.

"Running" futhi "Izinsuku abaphehla ugesi"

Ngo kudlala Bulgakov sika "Flight" futhi "Izinsuku abaphehla ugesi" (1925-28 GG.) Bulgakov wabonisa ukuthi ongqondongqondo ephikisana zonke iziphathimandla, owaphumelela nomunye ngesikhathi kulwiwa. Amaqhawe la imisebenzi abamele evamile okuthiwa "nezihlakaniphi entsha". Okokuqala, ngabe zokuqaphela indlela Revolution noma ngokumelene nalo balwa nalo. MA Bulgakov ngokwakhe ukhuluma lokhu isendlalelo esisha. Lokhu wakusho amahlaya esihlokweni sici onesihloko esithi "Capital encwadini." Kuyo, yaphawula ukuthi nezazi entsha, 'nensimbi'. Umzimba womuntu ungakwazi, futhi nquma izinkuni, ifenisha nokuthunyelwa, nokuhlanganyela ze-X ray. Bulgakov waphawula ukuthi ukholelwa ukuthi abayosinda, ngeke anyamalale.

Ukuhlaselwa Bulgakov, uStalin Up

Mangisho ukuthi Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich (biography kanye nomsebenzi wakhe ukuqinisekisa lokhu) njalo waphendula ngozwelo yezinguquko nomphakathi wamaSoviet. Wayengene wacasulwa ukunqoba wokungabi nabulungisa, akaboni lokulungisiswa izinyathelo ezithile. Kodwa Bulgakov ubulokhu ukholelwa indoda. Naye ayinandaba futhi babengabaza ukuthi izinhlamvu zakhe. Ukugxekwa ibonwa bangasabeli kahle. Ukuhlaselwa Bulgakov bhe 1929. Zonke lokudlalwayo lakhe bebelokhu ayifakiwe repertoire of the weshashalazi. Uma esimweni esinzima, Mr Mikhail waphoqeleka ukuba abhalele Uhulumeni ngesicelo ukuya phesheya. Ngemva kwalokho, biography Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha kwaphawulwa isenzakalo esibalulekile. Ngo-1930, Bulgakov waklonyeliswa ubizo Stalin yena. Waba yini umphumela walesi ingxoxo ukuqashwa kukaNksz Mikhail Marynich esikhundleni sokuba umqondisi-umsizi ngesikhathi eMoscow Art Theatre. Nalapha wavela imikhiqizo yaseshashalazini lokudlalwayo yakhe. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, waphindela wadala isiteji isiteji "Imiphefumulo Dead" kwaphawulwa umlobi njengoba Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich, biography. ukuphila kwakhe ezibonakala ekuthuthukiseni. Nokho, zonke Kwakungelula ngakho ...

Bulgakov - umbhali esenqatshelwe

Naphezu ukusekelwa sangaphandle Stalin ekupheleni cindezela Soviet emva 1927, kwakungekho umsebenzi eyodwa UMikhail Bulgakov, ngaphandle kwesivisiso kusukela play "Run" ( "Seventh Dream") ngo-1932 futhi ukuhunyushwa Moliere sika "ncishana" ngo-1938 Case ukuthi Bulgakov kwahlanganiswa uhlu abalobi uvinjelwe.

Yini enye engingabuye biography emangalisayo Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha? Sitshele kafushane ngakho akulula, ngoba ukuphila kwakhe wabhekana nezenzakalo eziningi ezibalulekile futhi amaqiniso athakazelisayo. Kuthiwa, naphezu kobunzima, umlobi wayengacabangi ukucabanga bashiye amakhaya abo. Ngisho esikhathini esinzima kakhulu (1929-30.), Kucishe angazange umcabango wokuphinde ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe. Kwenye yezincwadi zakhe Bulgakov wavuma ukuthi kwenye indawo, ngaphandle kweSoviet Union, akunakwenzeka, ngoba wahosha ugqozi kuwo iminyaka eyishumi nanye.

Le noveli "Umninimuzi UMargarita"

Bulgakov ngo-1933, wazama ukushicilela umsebenzi wakhe "The Life of Mnumzane de Moliere" e "Ukuphila Kwabantu Emangazayo" chungechunge. Nokho, futhi kuhlulekile. Ngemva kwalokho, ngeke zisaba uzame ukushicilela okudaliwe yabo kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe. Umlobi ngokuphelele wazinikela ukudalwa noveli "Umninimuzi UMargarita". Lo msebenzi kwakumelwe impumelelo yakhe enkulu, kanye omunye wemisebenzi engcono kwezincwadi Russian futhi zekhulu leminyaka lama-20. Iminyaka eyishumi nambili zokuphila kwakhe Bulgakov wanika umsebenzi ngalo. Umqondo "Umninimuzi UMargarita" lalivela kuye ku 1920 ngasekupheleni njengoba ngomzamo incazelo zefilosofi bokubeka ngokoqobo sezenhlalo. Umbhali kubhekwe izinguqulo akuphumelelanga wokuqala umkhiqizo. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, Mr Mikhail igcinwe kubuyela izinhlamvu, ukuzama ngezimo ezintsha kanye izigcawu. Kuphela ngo-1932 wathenga ukuphelela ngesakhiwo yalo msebenzi, umlobi okuyinto bonke (Mihail Afanasevich Bulgakov) eyaziwa.

Umlando Ogcwele Bulgakov kuhilela ukucabangela izinzuzo zomsebenzi wakhe. Ngakho-ke thina sitshele ngalokho.

ekudalweni Value Bulgakov

Ibonisa ukuthi ukunyakaza White uzochitheka, ukuthi nezazi ziyohamba kuya Reds (noveli "The iWhite Guard", the play "Flight" futhi "Izinsuku abaphehla ugesi"), ukuthi umphakathi usengozini, uma ngamasiko nangokuziphatha umuntu ebhasha liyoba nelungelo ukuphoqelela abanye intando yakhe ( "inhliziyo Inja"), Mr Mikhail zathola lapho kwahlanganiswa isimiso amagugu wezwe lakithi kazwelonke.

Yini enye engingabuye ezithakazelisayo Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich? Biography, amaqiniso athakazelisayo ehambisana nayo, futhi umsebenzi wakhe - kokuphelele inobufakazi ubuhlungu ngoba umuntu. Lo muzwa wayehlale Bulgakov eyinqaba njengoba owalandela emasikweni izincwadi Russian futhi izwe. Mr Mikhail wathatha kuphela izincwadi libonisa ukuthi ukuhlupheka heroes yangempela. Humanism kwaba nengaphakathi ngemibono of imisebenzi Bulgakov. Inkosi lokhu zobuntu kweqiniso iseduze futhi abafundi abathandekayo njalo.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Eminyakeni yakhe yokugcina Bulgakov awuzange enomuzwa wokuthi ukuphila kwakhe okudala wajeziswa. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Waqhubeka ngenkuthalo dala, Bulgakov isebenza cishe safinyelela abafundi wesimanje. It yaphuka Bulgakov. ukugula sakhe saba sibi kakhulu, okwaholela ekufeni ekuseni. Bulgakov washona ngo eMoscow ngo-March 10, 1940 manje biography ngokuphelele Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha, kodwa emsebenzini wakhe awufi. izinsalela komlobi bangcwatshwe at Novodevichy Amathuna.

Biography Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha, sifinyeto lesi sihloko, sithemba, wenze ufisa ukumazi kangcono umsebenzi wakhe. Imisebenzi lo mbhali ithakazelisa kakhulu futhi ebalulekile, ngakho siyafuna ngempela kuwufanele wokufundwayo. UMikhail Bulgakov, biography kanye lokusungula zazo bafundelwa esikoleni - omunye wabalobi enkulu Russian.