Swimming njengoba umdlalo. Umlando kanye nokuthuthukiswa ukubhukuda njengoba umdlalo

Namuhla, lapho ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene athuthukile ngesivinini engenakulinganiswa ukubukwa imincintiswano ukubhukuda kwamanye amazwe - lokhu akuyona into entsha. Ezinkulungwane noma ngisho ezigidi lababukeli ukuzwa kubagijimi. Kubonakala sengathi ebhukudela umdlalo wazalelwa muva. Ngomqondo onabile, kuba. Yiqiniso, abantu baye bafunda ukuba untante ngisho ukuhamba ngayo u-Adalberto isikhathi eside esidlule, kodwa lo mdlalo okwakuthinta ngayo ebhukuda kamuva. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kuyafaneleka ukuthi kuyasiza umzimba. Indlela enhle kakhulu ngoba kwesisindo isetshenziswa izinhlelo eziningi njengoba iningi elula. Manje lo mdlalo ubizwa kuyanda. Beautiful art ukubhukuda, umbukwane mncintiswano freestyle akunakugwenywa. Lapho futhi lapho ukubhukuda njengoba umdlalo wazalelwa futhi kwande kangaka? Yiziphi izinhlobo kanye izitayela ezahlukene? Kuyini nobuntu ebhukudela umdlalo? Konke lokhu wena izofunda lesi sihloko.

isizukulwane

Ososayensi bathole ukuthi endulo wazalwa ukubhukuda. Njengoba umdlalo noma njengoba ngokudingeka - alaziwa. imidwebo ezindongeni emihumeni eziye zatholakala, okuyizinto mhlawumbe iminyaka engu-5000 BC. e. abantu sidilizwa waphawula ukuthi eziningi izilwane ayakwazi ukuthuthela ngokusebenzisa amanzi, futhi kwathatha iminyaka engaphezu leli khono. Njengoba ungase ukuqagela, isitayela kuqala kwakungumprofethi indlela ukubhukuda "njengengonyama inja". It sekuneminyaka u-Adalberto isikhathi eside, kwaze kwaba yilapho lwaludlula Breaststroke. Futhi yaba isisekelo sezinguqulo zonke ezintsha okwalandela. Ngo yamandulo waqala ukuthatha ebhukuda ethandwa kakhulu. Isethenjwa lokuqala ebhalwe sihlehlela emuva 2000 BC. e. It is eyaziwa ukuthi eRoma yasendulo, ukubhukuda Wawugujelwani wokuqeqesha abasubathi, kuhlanganise nalezo owaba nengxenye Imidlalo yama-Olympic. Kodwa umlando ngomkhumbi njengoba umdlalo kuhlehlela emuva ithuba zekhulu xv-XVI. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho imincintiswano yokuqala yayiqhutshelwa.

Ngakho, kwakungekho ebhukuda isikhathi eside. Ngisho nabantu abahlakaniphile basendulo basebenzisa ke ukuhambisa ngokusebenzisa amanzi. Swimming ivela, izitayela ezintsha, futhi kancane kancane yaba umdlalo. Akumangalisi, umlando ngomkhumbi njengoba umdlalo efana nokugijima. Iphinde isetshenziselwe njengoba isidingo sokuqala, futhi kuphela ngemva kokuba isikhathi esiningi ukugijima kwaba umdlalo. Ukubhukuda namuhla omunye amakilasi edume kakhulu futhi ethandwa. Abaningi bayisebenzisela ukwenza umsebenzi uzivivinye isisindo ukulahlekelwa kanye nempilo ngcono.

Umlando izitayela

Njengoba sekushiwo ekuqaleni, lapho ukuzalwa senzeka ukubhukuda, ke kwadingeka isitayela eyodwa kuphela - "inja." Kodwa ke kwafika Breaststroke lapho baziqambela amafomu amasha. Ngakusasa isitayela steel side. Imilenze ngenkathi ubhukuda owawufana sikelo. Khona-ke abantu baqala ukubhukuda overarm, esangenza ukuthuthukisa enkulu, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye isivinini. Okulandelayo John Trejo e 1783 wasungula isitayela elibizwa ngegama lakhe. Khona-ke kukhona ukuqhudelana abangu zithandwa, futhi indlela entsha avunyelwe ukusungula amarekhodi zomhlaba eziningi, kuhlanganise kumdlali. Khona-ke, ekugcineni, kwakukhona ukukhasa. Kuye eNgilandi "baletha" Richard Cavill esuka e-Australia. Ngokushesha, isitayela wayebhekwa njengoba esheshayo, yini kuze kube yilolu suku. Namhlanje eziningi udumo kahle.

ukukhasa

Kroll - a isitayela ebhukuda ngesisu sakhe. Uma usebenzisa izingxenye kwesokunxele bese kwesokudla umzimba sishukumiseleka yanjalo. Izandla ukwenza gwedla kanye eksisi ngesikhathi, ngenkathi imilenze bayavuswa bese ngihlaliswa. Iyinkimbinkimbi kuqhathaniswa nezinye izitayela kwemishini. Ubuso umbhukudi kumele kube emanzini bese ivuka ukudlula lokho kuphela lokufeza umoya. Kroll ubhekwa ukubhukuda zinhlobo esheshayo. Ngesikhathi mncintiswano kukhona welithi "Freestyle" lapho abasubathi Unelungelo ukuya endleleni bafuna, kodwa ukhetha ke ukukhasa.

Ngenxa yokuthi ikhanda lehliselwa emanzini, izandla zakhe ungenza imivimbo omkhulu, futhi nakanjani ukuboniswa isivinini. Uma siqhathanisa ne phambi khasa ebhukuda emhlane wakhe, owokuqala ngokushesha kanjalo nje. Lapho eqhathanisa isimo nge butterfly yokugcina futhi ilahlekelwa ngenxa yokuthi umsebenzi ngokuyinhloko izandla futhi umzimba akusizi. ukusheshisa Uniform kungenzeka kuphela Crawley, kusiza abasubathi bahambe amabanga amade ngejubane singapheli amandla. ngesikhathi esifanayo.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

It kuvela ukuthi khasa Kuvezwe isikhathi eside. Ekuqaleni, kwathiwa ezingamaPutukezi zazisebenzisa amaNdiya. Futhi-Europe wahlangana naye 1844, lapho baseMelika wahlasela ababhukudi British. Njengoba ayenqotshiwe kodwa abasubathi uyaziqhenya akazange ufuna ukusebenzisa indlela entsha, ngoba ayebheka ke "ngesihluku" ngenxa semali spray. Umlando nesenzakalo zokubhukuda njengoba umdlalo, ikakhulukazi, izitayela, futhi kwadingeka nalezo zikhathi eziyinqaba.

Ngemva unogwaja Australian uvele American, sibonga izici. Kuyinto zakamuva namuhla "Freestyle". Isikhundla kusukela ngo Crawley - "ngesikhathi ukunakwa", ababhukudi belambatha face, imilenze waqonda, izingalo welulela phezulu.

Breaststroke

Njengoba sekushiwo, kwaba Brass waqala ushintsho kusuka "inja-like" isitayela isisekelo esiwusizo bonke abanye. Swimming njengoba umdlalo hhayi bangaba khona ngaphandle kwalo. It wayevela ukubukeka isikhathi eside: Abantu kuqala isithombe usebenzisa isitayela efana nethusi, kwatholakala waseGibhithe "le Umgede we ababhukudi". Painting iphathelene cishe 9000 BC. e. Futhi isibalo eyaziwa sibonisa amasosha ase-Asiriya, kusetshenziswa le ndlela, kodwa sithombe sidalwe ingakapheli iminyaka 1292-1225. BC. e. Dane Nicolas Vinman e 1538 omunye Breaststroke owokuqala owachaza lesi encwadini yakhe. Famous "frog khahlela" imilenze zaqala ukusetshenziswa ukubonwa ngekhulu XIX.

Ngo imincintiswano ehlukahlukene e isitayela Breaststroke ngokuvamile anqoba kwaba abasubathi Russian nawaseSoviet. I-Olympic isitayela imidlalo elahlanganiswa kuphela ngo-1904, wabe esethatha kobhukuda ku m 402., Amadoda kuphela iqhaza. Khona-ke ukubhukuda like i-Olympic ezemidlalo ekuqaleni sokuthuthuka. Kakade imidlalo ibanga okulandelayo lancipha 200 m. Ukuze imincintiswano zabesifazane yayiqhutshelwa kusukela 1924 at elifanayo. Futhi ngo-1968, abasubathi babe final e-amamitha 100.

butterfly

Butterfly - is ebhukuda ngesisu sakhe, omunye izitayela nzima kakhulu. Eyisicefe futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Igama livela egameni "butterfly". Ngempela, ezinye izici ezifanayo zingatholakala, ikakhulukazi ngenxa isici ingalo unhlangothi. Ngokungafani unogwaja, isandla ukwenza imivimbo ngesikhathi esifanayo, ephakamisela umzimba ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuthatha beka umoya kakhulu. Imilenze nge ukhalo ukuhambisa ngamaza, enikeza ukushesha. Nakuba ukusebenza - enye yezinto ezinzima kakhulu, kodwa Butterfly sesibili isivinini Itshe. umehluko Its main kusukela unogwaja - ukuthi ukushesha kuwo engalingani ngenxa abukhali ingalo unhlangothi.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, uvemvane - Breaststroke ngcono. Ekuqaleni, ababhukudi baye baqaphela ukuthi ijubane elikhulu kunengqondo ukuba baphakamise izandla phezu kwamanzi. umzimba kanye izinyawo ukunyakaza kamuva indawo mnandi futhi zemvelo.

Njengoba sekushiwo, inqubo e uvemvane liyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi kudinga ukusebenza okuhle. Lokhu futhi uyesabeka zifiki eziningi. Funda ukuhlanganisa ukunyakaza ngezandla zakhe nasezinyaweni, kanye nomoya kakhudlwana futhi njengoba exhale - kunzima ngempela, eziningi kangaka ukuya ukukhasa. Nakuba kwezinye izitayela kakhulu kubalulekile ngokomthetho ukubulawa lesifanele, uvemvane, ngaphezu, amandla ebalulekile emzimbeni.

Ingabe kunzima undulation umzimba likhona (uma kuphela acabangele izitayela eyaziwa) butterfly kuphela. Ngenxa ukubhukuda mdlalo izingane - hhayi ukhetho best.

Isisetshenziswa namazinga

Nqamula iyiphi isitayela ngubo kuyafana: isigqoko, izibuko, ngibhukuda iziqu noma Swimsuit tho (ngoba abesilisa nabesifazane, ngokulandelana), nazo ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa wetsuits. Baqala avele kowezi-2000. futhi zihlukaniswe izinhlobo: kusukela entanyeni kuya emaqakaleni, kusukela entanyeni kuya emadolweni, gidroshtany, izikhindi ukubhukuda. Ngo-2010 Fina (Fina) usezivalile zokwenziwa. Ngakho manje esetshenziswa nendwangu kuphela.

Swimming njengoba umdlalo namuhla wenziwa 50- noma 25 imitha-amachibi. imincintiswano eminingi aphethwe aphinde abhukude abuyele Breaststroke kanye khasa. Ngokwesibonelo, kuma-Olympics ehlobo, World Championships, Universiade, i-World Cup. Kugcine enziwa minyaka yonke.

iziqondiso:

• ukukhasa (aka Freestyle): 50 m, 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 800 m, 1500 m;
• Butterfly: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m;
• Brass: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m;
• ngemuva: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m.

Yini ukukhetha

Labo abaqala nje ukubhukuda, hhayi efanele, kuwufanele khasa ngizame. Kodwa abantu abangakwazi ngisho ukuhlala phezu kwamanzi, kufanele uqale nge isitayela "inja." Nguye, uma ubheka futhi esitholakala bonke abanye. Khona-ke, ngokufanelekile, kudingeka ukuya phambi khasa noma Breaststroke, lapho ungakwazi futhi ayeke.

Pool noma ulwandle ukubukwa

Uma ukukhetha phakathi kolwandle kanye pool, impendulo isobala akukwazi. Kodwa inketho lokuqala ayitholakali kakhulu abaseRussia, noma kungenzeka kuphela ehlobo.

Uma ufisa ukubhukuda efanele kuwufanele uya umqeqeshi e-swimming pool. Kukhona ungakwazi ukuqeqesha unyaka wonke futhi kulula ukuze ufunde ukuthi ubambe nokuhambahamba amanzi kusukela emhlabathini. Nokho, amakilasi amateur, ungakhetha nemizimba evulekile yamanzi. Ngakho, ngenxa yamagagasi amakhulu ulwandle kanye nomoya kwakha izithiyo zemvelo, futhi amanzi kuletha izinzuzo zezempilo. Uma ichibi kufanele alikhokhele ithikithi, amadamu evulekile uku-domain yomphakathi. Wonke umuntu ekhetha Ngezinga okungenzeka ngalo kanye nezinto ozikhethayo. Nokho, i-pool eyayenziwe wadala iphephile, ezimweni eziningi, lapho kunikezwa abahambisi bosizo. Futhi amanzi evulekile kungenzeka ukuba ubhekane nezingcindezi zamanje, waminza. Kuvele okufana okahle ukuhlanganisa.

Lokho umlando onjalo ezithakazelisayo kwezemidlalo. Ukubhukuda kuthandwa kakhulu, kodwa kunezinye eyala, lapho lubalulekile. Okulandelayo kuzoxoxwa emibili ethandwa kakhulu.

Triathlon

Swimming, ngebhayisikili, egijima njengoba Triathlon ezemidlalo ngokuthi. Igama liyazikhulumela. Ezemidlalo uvele hhayi kudala, waqala ukuhamba eminyakeni 1920-1930., Uma France baqhuba Analogue of Triathlon lanamuhla La Course des Debrouillards. Nakuba egijima iyinhlangano ibhayisikili amakhilomitha angu-3 - 12, kanye diving kwenziwa ezweni isiteshi Marne. Ngeshwa, wakhuluma ngokufuduka Triathlon kwakungelona kusukela kuqala ngo-1930 kuze kube ngu-1974, lapho i-United States iqembu labangane-abasubathi noma ahlanganisiwe futhi yimuphi club ehlelekile lapho zonke abaqeqeshiwe ndawonye. Besenkolweni ezemidlalo eziningana, okungukuthi ukugijima, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili futhi ukubhukuda. Abangane nabo baqala ukuhlela imincintiswano. Ngakho, emncintiswaneni wokuqala wabanjelwa Septhemba 25, 1974, lapho iqhaza 46 abasubathi. Ekuqaleni ibhayisikili yomjaho ebanjelwa 180,2 km run - 42,2 km; ukubhukuda - 3,86 km.

Sekuyisikhathi eside Abahlanganyeli babephikisana ngokuthi lokho ezemidlalo kudinga ukukhuthazela esiphezulu. Ngenxa yalokho, lesi sihloko yathola lapho kwakuthiwa lo muntu owayegibele ibhayisikili Eddi Merks kwadingeka eliphakeme le-oxygen ukusetshenziswa. Futhi lo mdlalo okwakuthinta ngayo neyaziwayo kudinga ukukhuthazela esiphezulu. Triathlon kwakuqala ukwanda okungaka ukuthi abaningi ukucabanga ngokungathí sina ngokuthuthela ukufakwa yayo hlelo-Olympic. Fanisa ngokuvamile ihlolwe ngaphansi standard: 1.5 km / 40 km / 10 km. Standard akhiwa umqondisi yamahhashi Triathlon Jim Ukoma in the 80s maphakathi.

ukubhukuda ezivumelanisiwe

Mhlawumbe, ukubhukuda ezivumelanisiwe njengoba umdlalo ingenye izifundo ezinhle kakhulu. abesifazane kuphela ngokuvamile umuntu ohilelekile, kodwa usanda kujoyina amadoda. Okubalulekile ukubhukuda ezivumelanisiwe - iqembu ukusebenza anokuhambisana, diving ngokuhlanganisa futhi agxuma. Umthwalo ngokomzimba nawo njengomnyango mkhulu kakhulu. Kuyadingeka ukuba ubambe semali isikhathi ukuqeqeshwa ukuze zithole imiphumela emihle. abasubathi Russian kukhona abaholi kulo mdlalo, kute balungiselelwe alinganayo kuyo yonke izimbangi.

Nokho, ngaphezu zobuchwepheshe futhi ngokomzimba standard, kukhona ekhethekile: nzima ukushaya futhi sakwazi ukuphefumula ngesikhathi ukusebenza. Constants, futhi ngokuvamile more, futhi amaningi adinga sokucwiliswa umoya ubambe semali isikhathi. Ukuze uvikele emaphashini, abadlali wagqoka ekhaleni izibopho ekhethekile.

Kodwa kuvela engaphuma ezivumelanisiwe ukubhukuda njengoba umdlalo?

indaba

Njengoba wazi, eziningi isiyalo sidalwe eGreece. Futhi ukubhukuda ezivumelanisiwe evela khona, kuyilapho iqembu abafana namantombazane umbuthano nangemidanso phezu kwamanzi. Kuphela ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX. kwaba ukuqala ukubhukuda ezivumelanisiwe. Kwabe sekuthi ngo-England ayebekelwe iqembu ababhukudi, amadoda owenza ezihlukahlukene bobunjwa emanzini. Umncintiswano lokuqala elalihlelwe ngayo ngo-1891 e-Berlin. Khona-ke ukubhukuda ubuciko, njengoba yayibizwa kanjalo ngaleso sikhathi, yaqala ukuthuthuka kwayo. Futhi ngo-1952, bagubha imiboniso eMidlalweni Yama-Olympic, ngemva kwalokho lo mdlalo okwakuthinta ngayo okuthiwa Awokubhukuda. Ngawo lowo nyaka, ikomidi olufanele wamiswa sokugcina. Umncintiswano zokuqala zakwamanye amazwe esenzeka ngo-1958. Ngo uhlelo we ukubhukuda iMidlalo Yama-Olympic ezivumelanisiwe kuhlanganisiwe kuphela ngo-1984.

A ngomkhumbi ezilapho njengoba umdlalo. Umlando nokuthuthukiswa ubuyele emuva ezikhathini zasendulo. Namuhla, diving is kuyanda phakathi kwabakhileyo baleli zwe. Wonke umuntu angathola into oyithandayo ngaphezulu, kusukela uhlobo lwe amaningi amakhulu. ukubhukuda ezivumelanisiwe kuyinto enhle kunazo Triathlon ezihlukahlukene ocebile eyala, futhi umncintiswano evamile uhlala yakudala. Abaningi bekwi ebhukuda amateur, abazali nabantwana babo amakilabhu. Umlando zokubhukuda njengoba umdlalo uyaqhubeka ukuthuthukiswa yayo iyasebenza namuhla.