Bangladesh: ukwanda kwabantu kanye nokusungulwa yobuhlanga

Ukwakheka kazwelonke isimo, okuyinto phakathi eziyishumi ngobukhulu emhlabeni ngokuya yenani labantu kanye kwabantu, kodwa oluthatha endaweni encane kakhulu, ahlukahlukene. Yini ethakazelisayo: naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iningi bonke abahlali baseNingizimu Afrika lalolo hlanga, isimo sisonke emelelwa iqoqo abantu encane yezizwana iyathakazelisa isilinganiso insimu matasa futhi kwabantu isibalo sabantu eBangladesh. I kwabantu of labantu, labantu, indawo - lezi nezinye izinto ezithinta isimo zezibalo okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi impahla nokuhlaziwa kucatshangelwa isimo kwamanye amazwe.

Kafushane mayelana Bangladesh

Republic of Bangladesh - inarha ebumbeneko: zonke izingxenye zezwe yizona endaweni efanayo futhi abanalo esikhethekile noma amalungelo. Izwe amancane azungezwe India, ngaphandle kwengxenye komngcele Myanmar ubude 271 km kanye nogu eBay of Bengal.

Kuze kube manje, Bangladesh kuba izwe kwezolimo-zezimboni nomnotho okhulayo, libhekene imfundo namasiko abalulekile, kodwa uhlala kwelinye lamazwe ampofu kakhulu e-Asia. Ngezikhathi, labantu uhlushwa sina izinhlekelele zemvelo kanye nezinkinga zenhlalo: izikhukhula ezibhubhisa yokulima, esadonsa isikhathi eside noma izenzo zobuphekula.

Umehluko isiko ocebile isimo Bangladesh. Ukwanda kwabantu, ngendlela, kulesi simo, ingenye izici okwakhayo e amagugu amasiko, inkolo kanye namasiko yokuqala esifundeni. Ezinjalo ezahlukene Ukwakheka yobuhlanga nabantu abakholwayo baphoqeleka ukuba bahlale endaweni encane, ngokumangalisayo okuhlanganisiwe ukuze zibe yisikhungo esisodwa esiyingqayizivele.

Bangladesh indawo

Insimu isimo ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 150 amakhilomitha square. It usesikhundleni ingxenye encane amanzi surface area - 6.4 kuphela km ² emikhawulweni ngamazwe. Ensimini ka Bangladesh ithatha 92 endaweni th emhlabeni futhi 27 e-Asia. Kuqhathaniswa imizi Russia: indawo isimo sifana indawo emadolobheni ezifana Sifundazwe, Tver futhi Murmansk, futhi isigamu noma Tolyatti Penza.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani labantu ayivumeli ukuzizwa ngokugcwele khulula izakhamuzi Republic of Bangladesh. I kwabantu of labantu emadolobheni isiRashiya, engaqhathaniswa usayizi, ngokulandelana, esikhathini esingaphansi 20, 76 noma ngisho 230 izikhathi. Yiqiniso, lokhu akumangalisi, ngoba izwe lase-Asia kuyinto kwabantu lwesikhombisa zezakhamuzi square kilometre emhlabeni.

Isibalo abakhileyo republic

Ngokusho ukubalwa kwabantu labantu isimo, isibalo sabantu eBangladesh ngo-2010 kwaba kancane abantu abangaphezu kuka-140 million. Ngokuhambisana ukuhlolwa njengoba ka 2016, ukwanda kwabantu abayizigidi ezingu-30. Lawa wakhona yonyaka ukukhula kwabantu okungokwemvelo, kodwa kancane ephakeme kunaleyo projection labantu.

Inani labantu Bangladesh amazing. I Republic asifani ngobukhulu kuya Russian Federation, kodwa ngenani abakhileyo Russia idlula abantu abayizigidi ezingu-25. Ngakho, njengoba eBangladesh futhi abahlala eRussia 2% labantu emhlabeni.

Population ukusatshalaliswa izifunda

Bangladesh kuyinto inarha ebumbeneko (zonke izifunda basesimweni esifanayo isikhundla isihlobo komunye nomunye, futhi inhloko-dolobha kanye Awunawo amalungelo akhethekile), futhi ihlukaniswe yaba izifunda eziyisishiyagalombili zokuphatha - kwehlukana. esifundeni ngasinye ubizwa ngokuthi idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke isakhiwo.

Area, esikhundleni salokho, ihlukaniswe ngezigodi, sub-izifunda kanye iminyango yamaphoyisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo division incike ubukhulu zokuhlala: a iziza ambalwa angaphansi umnyango emadolobheni amaphoyisa ezinkulu, ngamunye esakhiwa amabhlogo emizaneni encane - communes eziningana.

Iningi labantu base-Bangladesh is abasebenza kwezolimo (63%). Ngakho-ke, abantu abahlala emadolobheni amakhulu (sokuqondisa se esifundeni nedlelo layo), nje eliyingcosana -% 27 kuphela inani eliphelele izakhamuzi. Enhloko-dolobha yase-7% labantu is bagxila. ERussia, isilinganiso izakhamuzi capital lonke inani izakhamuzi inkudlwana: 8.4%, kodwa nabakhe emizini emikhulu kuka 40%.

Qhathanisa Russia nase Bangladesh phezu kwabantu labantu e izihloko inikeza idatha elandelayo: cishe 5000 abantu ngamunye 1 km ² eMoscow ngokumelene kancane ezingaphezu kuka 23 ayizinkulungwane e Dhaka. Umehluko cishe kahlanu akuyona omkhulu njengoNkulunkulu sibalo Imininingwane yezwe, ngoba inani ukwanda kwabantu eRussia 134 lincane amagugu ezihambisana nayo uthi Asian izikhathi.

izinguquko kwedemografikhi

Population okubakhona labantu Bangladesh has a mkhuba omuhle. Isibalo izakhamizi kwanda khona, okuyinto ejwayelekile emazweni amaningi asathuthuka. Ngakho, ngisho ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 wahlala abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-30, ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe II, inani labantu lalingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-40 kuleli zwe, futhi ngo-1960, ukubalwa kwabantu olusemthethweni izakhamuzi eziyizigidi 50 babhaliswa.

Kusukela ezinsukwini iMpi Yomshoshaphansi kuye kwabangela ukwanda okukhulu kwezincwadi labantu ngaphezu kwezinsuku zokugcina ibe yiminyaka engamashumi amane kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, inani labantu kukhuphuke ngo-side kunaleso kabili. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukwanda zemvelo labantu republic ivuliwe endaweni 73-th ohlwini jikelele.

Isilinganiso ukwanda kwabantu Bangladesh

I kwabantu labantu Bangladesh ngo-2016 abantu 1165 square kilometre. Inkomba ibalwa kanje: sebebonke luhlukaniswe Insimu isimo. Njengoba sekushiwo, lizwe lifaka lwesikhombisa emhlabeni ngokuya ukwanda kwabantu. Kunokuphishekela Bangladesh Maldives, Malta, Bahrain, iVatican, Singapore kanye Monaco

Ngesizathu esithile, imibuzo mayelana Bangladesh ukwanda kwabantu (uma eqhathaniswa kwamanye amazwe) bavame lokhu kutholakala ezincwadini zezikole ku geography Russian lwesishiyagalombili-ibanga:

1. "Uphi kwabantu esiphezulu sabantu: e-UK, China, Bangladesh," Impendulo ingatholakala ngokuhlwaya emithombolwazini lwemibhalo. Ngakho, kwabantu sabantu UK abantu 380 kuphela square kilometre, ne-China - 143. Impendulo: Bangladesh.
2. "Qhathanisa labantu Russia nase Bangladesh sika kwabantu." Ungaphendula ngale ndlela: "I kwabantu labantu Russia liphansi kakhulu futhi kufana kungathi abantu abangamashumi 8 / km ^{2 ..} I kwabantu labantu Bangladesh ingenye eziphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni -... 1145 abantu / km ^2, okusho izikhathi 143 ngaphezulu. I kwabantu eliphansi labantu Russian Federation wachaza izindawo eziningi unpopulated, ephakeme kunazo zonke e-Bangladesh (ukwanda kwabantu) esivamile emazweni amaningi asathuthuka. "

izibalo ezisemqoka

Okunye izinkomba ukusatshalaliswa lokubala ubuningi babantu sabantu uneminyaka yobudala, ubulili, izinga ekukwati kufundza nekubhala, ukuzalwa nokufa, kodwa futhi eziningi abalulekile emphakathini: nempesheni lokubala ubuningi babantu umthwalo esikhundleni isilinganiso, ubude bokuphila komuntu.

Kuze kube manje, iningi labantu (61%) - abantu abaseminyakeni yokusebenza, isilinganiso amadoda ukuba abesifazane cishe 1: 1 isilinganiso (ngokulandelana 50,6% futhi 49,4%). Ubude Besikhathi kokubili ukuphila ubulili uneminyaka engu 69, okuyinto iminyaka engu-2 kuphela ngaphansi global.

Izinga lokuzalwa e Bangladesh idlula ukufa kwezinsana, ukwanda yemvelo omuhle futhi 16 ‰ (noma 1.6%). Naphezu, izinkinga zezomnotho nokudla kwezenhlalo, ukuphepha yobuzwe (inombolo yokuphepha kanye nendlela okwakheke ngayo labantu kusuka izinsongo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle) e Bangladesh inakekelwa ezingeni okwanele.

umthwalo Social emphakathini

Bangladesh azizwa umthwalo ngempela onohlonze kwezenhlalo emphakathini: Wonke umuntu osebenzayo kufanele aqinisekise ukukhiqizwa izikhathi elilodwa nesigamu izimpahla namasevisi kuka iyadingeka ukuze yena. I t umthwalo kwezinsana. E. Inani labantu okufanele lifinyelelwe labantu engezansi ukusebenza iminyaka ukuze izakhamuzi omdala, kuyinto 56%. Coefficient yempesheni umthwalo (isilinganiso izakhamuzi umhlalaphansi labasebenzi) kulingana emazweni amaningi asathuthuka futhi ezingeni ngo-7.6%.

Ukwakheka ezizwe nezilimi

I kwabantu of labantu eBangladesh ku 1 km2 impela high (abantu 1145), okuyinto enomthelela ukudideka kanye nokuxhumana Friend of ngamasiko, izinkolo, futhi izinhlangano namasiko. Iningi kukhona Bengalis (98%), iphesenti esisele labantu abasuka North India.

Cishe zonke izakhamuzi ngamakhala Bengali, okuyinto siwulimi olusemthethweni. Abokufika kusukela isimo Indian of Bihar ekuphileni kwansuku zonke usebenzisa ulimi Urdu. Ingxenye labantu (ikakhulukazi intsha kanye izakhamuzi nezikhulu ezinezikhundla eziphezulu) is kahle isiNgisi.

Iqembu amaqembu amancane ezinhlanga abahlala ensimini ka Bangladesh, kuhlanganisa izizwe ezinkulu 13 futhi abantu tribal ambalwa. Faka kusigaba kubo by sokusebenzisana ngokolimi:

1. I Indo-European umndeni Ulimi: zalo baphakathi Bengalis futhi Biharis okuyibona iningi engxenyeni kazwelonke of Bangladesh.
2. umndeni ulimi Sino-Tibetan: emelelwa kahle yobuhlanga Tibeto-Burman ulimi umndeni (Garo izizwe, Marma, Burmese, Mizo, Chakma nabanye). Sekukonke, kwakha abantu abacishe babe izigidi oyedwa Bangladesh, lapho engezwa ababaleki 300,000 kusukela engumakhelwane (isiBurma).
3. umndeni ulimi Austro-Asiatic: ezahlukene amaqembu ezilimi Munda (Santal, Munda, Ho) kanye Khasis. Izizwe ophilayo ngamaqembu amancane entshonalanga Bangladesh.
4. umndeni ulimi Dravidian: iqembu North-Eastern zemindeni ulimi emelelwa isizwe esisodwa kuphela - Oraon noma Kurukh ulimi (self). Ngokusho Izinsiza Kurukh izici ulimi eduze Munda abantu.

Ngakho, ukuhlukahluka namasiko weRiphabhulikhi ngokuphongoza. Kulo mphakathi Bangladeshi akalilahlile uhlamvu waso.

Yenkolo sabantu weRiphabhulikhi

Ukuhlukahlukana bezizwe luyisisekelo umehluko e abasonti abahlali. Republic ethuthuka ebhekiswe embusweni wezwe (okungenani, uhulumeni wenza ukuba kulo mzamo), kodwa Bangladesh uhlala de empeleni waba izwe zenkolo. Ngo-1972 kumiswa isimo yenkolo kwamiswa Yenkantolo Ephakeme, wabuya ukuthuthukiswa weRiphabhulikhi ifakwe soMthethosisekelo.

inkolo yoMbuso - Islam - wavuma cishe ayisishiyagalolunye abangaba amaphesenti angu-. Umphakathi Islamic Bangladesh has abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-130, okwenza kube emhlabeni lesine ngobukhulu ngemva Indonesia, nasePakistan.

labo abanamathela wamaHindu kukhona 9.2% labantu, Buddhist - 0.7%, Christian - 0.3%. Nezinye izinkolo futhi namahlelo tribal akhawunti% 0.1 kuphela, kodwa ungakwazi ukuziqhayisa heterogeneity engakaze ibonwe ngenxa inani elikhulu izizwe disparate.

izinkinga republic

Bangladesh uhlushwa izinhlekelele zemvelo nokwesizwe kanye nobuphekula. Eminyakeni 2005-2013 ngokuhlasela kwamaphekula kwabulala 418 izakhamuzi weRiphabhulikhi, zamaphekula imfihlo inkonzo izikhulu. Kodwa nakakhulu kangakanani isimo nge ubumpofu, indlala, isomiso, izikhukhula kanye nezinye izinhlekelele zemvelo. Ngakho, lesi siphepho e th 1970 sabulala abantu abayingxenye yesigidi, 1974-1975 nangendlala, nozamcolo owabhubhisa ka 1974 elabulala abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili dengwane, izigidi zabantu futhi wabhubhisa 80% isivuno yonyaka.

Qhathanisa Bangladesh emazweni asathuthuka

Bangladesh iyizwe ejwayelekile asathuthuka. Lokhu kuqinisekisa hhayi kuphela esikhathini esidlule zomlando kodwa isimo samanje zenhlalakahle kanye lokubala ubuningi babantu kanye nezomnotho kuleli zwe.

Izimpawu ezweni elisathuthuka	Bangladesh
Bebukholoni esidlule	Zimenyezelwe ekubusweni Pakistan ngo-1971, kwaze kwaba ngo-1947, Bangladesh kwaba ingakaze ibe ikoloni laseBrithani
ukungezwani High nomphakathi	Voltage kuqinisekiswa Izinga eliphakeme lokucindezeleka kwezenhlalo kanye nengane, izinkinga zezenhlalo
I heterogeneity isakhiwo somphakathi	Inani labantu base-Bangladesh imelelwa ezihlukahlukene kwamaqembu ezinhlanga, ezithinta umehluko izici amasiko nezenhlalo
Ukwanda kwenani labantu okuphezulu	Emazweni asathuthuka zinezikhathi isilinganiso zemvelo ukukhula ngesilinganiso 2% ngonyaka, eBangladesh, ukubaluleka kuyinto 1.6%
I predominance komkhakha wakuleli wezolimo phezu zezimboni	Bangladesh kuba izwe kwezolimo, 63% abantu bakuleli batholakale wahlanganyela kwezolimo
ngayinye okuphansi kwemali lengenako	In Bangladesh bangamaphesenti $ 1058 (2013), lapho iholo kazwelonke global lengenako ingu- $ 10.553, eRussia - 14 $ 680
Abangamaphesenti angu-predominance sabantu zokusebenza of umhlalaphansi	Bangladesh uncharacteristically osekhulile isizwe: abantu umhlalaphansi,% 4 kuphela sebebonke, kuyilapho emazweni asethuthukile, 20-30%
labantu Okuwugqinsi	Republic lifaka lwesikhombisa emhlabeni ngokuya ukwanda kwabantu, ukuminyana, Russia nase-Bangladesh labantu kuyahlukahluka izikhathi 143

Ngakho, Bangladesh iyizwe ejwayelekile asathuthuka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto ezweni ampofu kakhulu phakathi anabantu abaningi. I kwabantu labantu Bangladesh ingenye eziphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi nenombolo mkhulu kunezinhliziyo eRussia. Insimu State kulokhu akusho ukuya ngokuqinile nanoma ikuphi ukuqhathaniswa.